• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1982

Presently, there is increasing demand for geriatric nursing care due to increasing proportion of elderly population and extended age. And, of particular importance in deforming the effectiveness of nursing care given to the elderly is the attitude of nursing personnel toward the elderly patient. This study was intendent to investigate the attitudes of baccalaureate nursing students toward the elderly, and to investigate any possible correlation between these attitudes and the following variables: the students' levels (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior), their preferences for var-ious fields of specialization in nursing after graduation, their clinical experiences with geriatric-patients, their personal experience with elderly family members, their educational experience of the elderly's health problems and geriatric nursing, and their experience with relatives and acquaintances over 60 years of age. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compile basic data about the attitudes of nursing students toward the elderly in order to contribute to the improvement of geriatric nursing. The subjects for this study were 259 nursing students: 163 in the College of Nursing at E-womans University., and 96 in the Department of Nursing in K. College. Data was collected from the 11th of Sep., to the 8th of Oct., 1981, using the Tuckman-Lorge Attitude Questionnaire which contained 131 items excepting 6 items. The attitudes toward the elderly was scored by the use of mean and standard deviation. The relations between attitudes toward the elderly and six independent vairables were analysed by T-test. The results which were obtained are as follows : 1. The attitude score of nursing students was M=71.67 S.D= 16.18. Nursing students agreed with 54.8% of the stereotypic statements, and they had stereotypic attitudes toward the elderly relatively. (P<0.01). 2. There was a significant difference between the attitudes of nursing students toward the elderly, and sophomores had a less stereotypic attitudes than juniors and seniors (P<0.01). 3. There was significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the preferences for various fields of specialization in nursing after graduation, and nursing students those who wanted maternity fields had a more stereotypic attitudes than others (P<0.05, p<0.01). 4. There was no significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the clinical experience with the geriatric patients (P>0.05). 5. There was no significant difference between the attitude3 toward the elderly and the personal experience with elderly family members (F>0.05). 6. There was no significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the educational experience of the elderly's health problems and geriatric nursing (P>0.05). 7. There was no significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the experience with relatives and acquaintances over 60 years of age (P>0.05).

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.169-208
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• 2016

"Act on Remedies for Injuries from Medical Malpractive and Mediation of Medical Disputes)" has been enacted to solve medical dispute. In addition, mediation and arbitration procedures have started since April 8th, 2012 from the Establishment of Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency. The average initiation rate of mediation for the past three years turned out to be 43%. Hereupon, Establishment of Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency has created a solution for automatic initiation if relevant to particular conditions to improve initiation rate of mediation procedures and passed it through the Assembly plenary session in May, 2016 and promulgated on the 30th of the same month. However, even if mediation procedure initiation rate is increased, there is no guarantee for mediation establishment rate to be improved according to current law. If Establishment of Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency intends to increase aforementioned value, automatic initiation is not the only solution. Instead, it seems to be a major assignment to identify fundamental reasons for why major health care facilities have not participated in it and to restore reliability on them. In addition, among crimes specified on the Article 268 of Criminal Act in the Article $51^*$ of "Act on Remedies for Injuries from Medical Malpractive and Mediation of Medical Disputes)", revision must be made so that the clause of clue and death by occupational or gross negligence is applied. Furthremore, it is suggested to supplement previously insufficient policies with the operation so that mediation procedures created by Establishment of Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency are stably settled in the perspective of medical institutions including the establishment of new conditions for medical institutions founders or health and medical service personnel to claim the proxy payment for damage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.352-360
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects on musculoskeletal symptoms of both social demographic features and detailed characteristics of each task category of care workers who offer visiting home-help services. And to establish the measures that can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms among care workers. Methods: This study was conducted among 192 care workers from welfare centers C and K located in city P. After participants completed the task burden checklist regarding the scale of musculoskeletal symptoms and the details of their duties, the data collected were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: According to the degree of observable musculoskeletal symptoms in care workers, the highest figures were observed for back and shoulder pain. Based on the results of assessing the effect of detailed task category characteristics on musculoskeletal symptoms, "helping patients eat, helping patients move, helping patients bath, and changing body positions" were found to have an effect from the physical care category, "providing physical therapy assistance, treating bedsores" from the health care category, and "cleaning and doing laundry" from the facility management category. Conclusions: Due to the high proportion of patients requiring burdensome physical labor from care workers such as moving patients who have trouble doing so on their own, helping them change positions, and so on, it is highly likely that pain will occur in the low back, which carries most of the physical weight. So, education on human epidemiological positions that can reduce overload on areas prone to pain such as the low back and shoulders is essential. Proper equipment and personnel support must be provided for dangerous tasks. Further, multidimensional social support is required consistently.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.277-296
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• 2014

Purpose: This study intends to set standard for organizing the curriculum of short-term dental technicians and the change of job environment, as well as the knowledge & training, by identifying the importance and actual job performance of dental technicians following job analysis in the university education of Dept. of Dental Laboratory Technology, and furthermore to foster junior executives to cope with modernization and globalization. Methods: The tools used in this study are based on the job analysis of research report suggested by National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board(Lee Gyu-seon, 2011), and it consists of general characteristic 7 items. Every competence duty was measured through Likert 5 point gauging, and internal consistency through Cronbach's Alpha. The competence importance of entire questionnaire was .984 and its performance was .874, reflecting considerably high level, and in terms of each competence duty, high credibility was proved and high internal consistency was verified with competence importance ranging from the minimum .655 to the maximum .966 and its performance ranging from the minimum .677 to the maximum .993. Results: Competence importance and its performance in each duty on the job analysis of dental technicians were measured. In competence importance in each duty, the highest was "checking design order form"(average, 4.52), followed by "selling dental prosthesis"(average 4.49), "making removable orthodontic appliance"(average, 4.48), "open managing dental laboratory"(average, 4.46) in order. However, "making complete denture" was found the lowest(average, 4.23), with importance of all competence dutys was considerably high level. In the performance of its competence duty, "checking design order form"(average, 4.04) was found to be the most importance competence, followed by "making conservative restoration"(average, 4.00), "making porcelain"(average 3.98), "checking working cast"(average, 3.90) in order. However it was found out that "making fixed orthodontic appliance"(average, 3.12) was the lowest, and the importance of all competence dutys was quite high level. Conclusion: The duties of dental technicians consist of 13 kinds, in total, and it was found out that "checking design order form"(average, 4.52) was the most important in the competence importance and job performance. In particular, it was revealed that there was a great difference between the competence importance and its performance in the order of "selling dental prosthesis", "open managing dental laboratory", "making removable orthodontic appliance", "making CAD/CAM prosthesis", and then "making fixed orthodontic appliance".

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.123-144
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• 2009

Recently, a long strike by hospital labor union emerged as a serious social issue. During the Worldcup Games in June, 2002, labor strikes broke up at 'C', 'K' and other hospitals, and in 2007, 'Y' hospital suffered much from a strike. Such series of extreme labor disputes have awakened people of importance of a more stable labor-management relationship for the medical institutions responsible for people's health than any other business organization. The purpose of this study was to examine the labor-management disputes at 'Y' hospital in 2007 and 'C' and 'K' hospitals in 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, requests of the labor union such as pay raise, reemployment of the irregular workers as regular employees and participation of the labor union in personnel affairs are the long-held or core issues suffered by the medical institutions. Such issues are not independent from each other but complicated with each other surrounding the pay raise. Accordingly, it is not easy to determine the genuine bone of issue for labor-management disputes. Second, the model type of disputes between labor and management at medical institutions may be strike. However, it is conceived that the type of disputes would be subject to change as the essential medical service area system began to be operated since 2008. Third, the common characteristic of the labor strike among the 3 sample hospitals was occupation of the hospital lobby for a sit-in strike to maximize the negative effects of strike. Article 42 (Prohibition of Violence) of Labor Union and Labor Relation Coordination Act prohibits occupation of production or other important business facilities. In addition, since Ministry of Labor interprets that the hospital lobby belongs to the important business facilities enumerated by Article 42 of the above act, occupation of the hospital lobby for a sit-in strike may be too controversial to be admitted as a fair act of labor dispute when its legitimacy should be judged. Fourth, the counter-measures taken by the hospitals against the strike were observance of the principle 'no labor no pay,' closure, legal action, accusation, claim for recovery of damage, provisional seizure, disciplinary punishment, etc., but the principle of 'no labor, no pay' was not applied in a fair manner by 'C' and 'K' hospitals. However, 'Y' hospital applied this principle thoroughly to the strike; the hospital conduced to correction of the wrong labor-management relationship by refusing inclusion in the labor collective agreement of a provision about payment of wage during the period of strike or labor union's request to that effect during a strike. In addition, 'Y' hospital took an effective measure to end the strike earlier by notifying the labor union of cancellation of the collective agreement and banning the unionists from entering the hospital.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

We study convergent influence on Job Satisfaction(JS) and its association with Self Efficacy(SE), Job Characteristics(JC) and Occupational Stress(OS) among Hospital Administrative Staff(HAS). The survey was administered to 221 staff from 11 general hospitals located in Jeonbuk area from Nov. 1st, 2016 to Jan. 31st, 2017. The structured self-administered questionaries were used. JS was positively correlated with SE and three sub-domains of JC, and it was negatively correlated with seven sub-domains of OS. With the analysis of covariance structure, OS was more influential on JS than SE and JC. The study found the higher SE and JC, and the lower OC tend to increase JS. The results indicate that the efforts, to increase SE and JC, and to decrease OS, are required to increase the JS of HAS. The results are expected to be useful for organization personnel management to increase the JS of HAS. In the following study, the analysis about convergent additional factors of influence on JS will be needed.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-92
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• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior of hospital employees, and based on the investigation, to suggest some implications for effective human resources management of hospitals. For this purpose, physical therapists were selected as the subject of the research. Using their individual characteristics, job characteristics, professionalism and group cohesiveness as the variables affecting organizational citizenship behavior, an empirical model was constructed and tested. A survey was conducted through structured and self-administered questionnaire for the physical therapists working at hospitals of Busan-Kyongnam area, and data from 240 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, perception on professionalism and the degree of organizational citizenship behavior were higher for male, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. It is necessary to develope some measures to educate and motivate the employees who are in lower state of professionalism and organizational citizenship behavior. Second, among the individual characteristics, need for growth was found to have significant, positive influence on professionalism and group cohesiveness, but no direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, extroversion had direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as on professionalism and group cohesiveness. This result suggests that personnel selection and personality education should be conducted carefully. Third, job characteristics appeared to have very large, positive effect on professionalism, but not directly on organizational citizenship behavior. Fourth, professionalism was found to have very large, positive influence on group cohesiveness and direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This implies that enhancing professionalism of physical therapists can strengthen organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals, and hence top management should actively support the programs for job re-design, skill education and quality improvement to enhance professionalism of their employees. Fifth and last, as an intervening factor, group cohesiveness appeared to have the largest, direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. It is, therefore, important for top management to improve group cohesiveness by exploring ways toward greater harmony and solidarity among the members of physical therapy department.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.240-258
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• 2020

The advances in science technology brought about a new form of learning called flipped-learning: a combination of on-line and off-line learning. A flipped learning is a form of blended learning which has become quite popular, nowadays, in the field of education. Despite the emphasis on the importance of medical humanities in medical education program, there are no effective teaching and learning models to realize the purpose of medical humanities education. This study explores the possibility of flipped-learning to apply medical humanities classes. The class was designed based on the ADDIE model consisting of five stages, analysis - design - development - execution - evaluation. In order to do 'flipped-learning,' the instructor reconstructs the purpose of medical humanities education, instructional purpose and content, and analyzed learner. The contents of the medical humanities class were structured considering the purpose of the introduction to the medical humanities in the medical education program and the competencies that medical personnel should have in the developed health care environment. The instructor produces a video of the lecture and makes it possible to use LMS (Learning Management System) before and after classes, and conducts discussion activities so that learner-learner and learner-teacher interaction could actively occur during the class. The result of applying medical humanities lesson as flipped learning is as follows: First, it can realize the essence of medical humanities education. Second, it contributes to strengthening the competencies of health care provider. Third, flip learning can be used as a new teaching strategy for medical humanities education. The result of this study is expected to suggest new ways of introduction to teaching method in the traditional medical humanities class and contribute to the practice of designing and doing flipped learning of medical humanities class in the future.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

The rapid increase in food borne illness outbreaks in Korea has been one of the major threats to the Nation's Health. Foodservice establishments have been identified as the major place for these outbreaks, mainly due to the lack of sanitary management and sanitary facility management practices. The purposes of the study were to develop hospital foodservice facility evaluation tools, based on the general HACCP-based standards and guidelines, for hospital food service establishments, to ensure the safety of these foodservices and to reduce the risk of food home illness. The scope of this study included: 1) an assessment of the current foodservice sanitation practices and managements for 6 general hospitals, with more than 400 beds, and 3 general hospitals, with less than 400 beds; 2) the development of foodservice establishments sanitation evaluation tools and sanitation standards, based on the HACCP system. The survey data showed varied results between the hospitals surveyed. Most of the hospital foodservice operations had many problems with ventilation and the plumbing. The total dimensional mean scores for the hospitals with more than 400 beds and less than 400 beds were 31.5 and 27.0, respectively. The highest dimension scores were for the water supply facility and lighting, with the lowest for insect and rodent control and toxic materials management. The levels of the mean scores were very low, especially for the general hospitals with less than 400 beds. These low mean scores may have arisen from critical problems within the hospital foodservice operations. The most needed facility management items for improvement were: storage shelf should be spaced 6 inches from the floor and walls, the use of three compartment sinks, utility sinks and cleaning facilities, with a floor drain for cleaning mops or liquid wastes, a ventilation hood designed to prevent dripping onto food, cooking facilities should be disassembled for washing and sanitizing, a separated hand washing sink and a sanitized food board for each area should be provided, all toxic material must have warning labels attached, and be stored in an area away from food preparation under padlock. The evaluation tool consisted of 14 dimensions, with 65 check-off items. The results of this study will provide basic facilities' guidelines to regulators, or foodservice industry personnel, wishing to build, or expend, and establish an efficient flow of food. As a result, food borne illnesses will be effectively prevented, and the Nation's health will be promoted for the development of their own sanitation standards, with a checklist for the safe production of foods.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.174-187
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• 2021

Cytotechnologists evaluate and analyze disorders of cells that constitute the human body, and are involved in the primary assessment of diverse diseases, including cancer. However, the employment conditions and workload of cytotechnologists are poorly understood. This study was undertaken to provide basic data for establishing the criteria for quality control certification factors based on the scope of effective task performance of cytotechnologists, and to provide results of their workload analysis according to the type of medical institution. The study was conducted by enrolling certified cytotechnologists working at various nationwide medical institutions. Our analysis revealed that 178 personnel (72.7%) were involved in primary screening of samples. On an average, the daily number of primary screening of samples performed per cytotechnologist (76 respondents) was determined to be 75.4 chapters (16.8 chapters/hours) at the university hospital level, 72.4 chapters (18.6 chapters/hours) at the general hospital level, and 231 chapters (32.6 chapters/hours) at professional trust institutions. Our results indicate the necessity to establish a consultant with the Korean Cell Pathology Association, to enable finding solutions to solve existing issues by establishing accurate standard guidelines for assessing cell screening.