• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.269-280
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• 1988

Although everyone grows old, perception about the aging process and aging as measured physiologically vary widely. Perecptions of aging have psychologically influence on physical aging. This study was to examine the relationships between, self-concept, perception of aging, and physical aging in the elderly and to contribute to the theory development which may direct nursing intervention to promote well-being of the aged. Subjects were 70 women residents of a nursing home for the elderly in Seoul. Data collection was done from May 15 to June 15, 1988 using interview schedules and mechanical instruments. The instruments were selected items from the Health Self Concept Scale developed by Jacox and Stewart for self concept, and Secord and Jourad's Body Cathexis Scale and Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale for perception of aging. Physical aging was measured by mechanical instruments, inspection, questions, and palpation. The data were analysed for mean, 1-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using an S.P.S.S computerized program. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1. The mean level of self concept for the subject group was 16.97(SD＝$\pm$6.17)in a range from 6-30. The mean level of perception of aging was 39.6. (SD＝$\pm$6.51) in a range from 13-65. The mean level of physical aging was 14.09(SD＝$\pm$2.05)in a range from 8-40. 2. Relationships among self - concept, perception of aging, and physical aging. 1) There was a positive relationship between self-concept and perception of aging(r＝0.4461, p＝0.000). 2) There was a negative relationship between physical aging and perception of aging(r＝-0.2975, p＝0.006). 3) There was a tendancy toward a negative relationship between physical aging and self -concept, but not a significant relationship (r＝-0.1033, p＝0.197). 3. 1) No general charcteristic variables were related to self concept. 2) The general characteristic variable related to the level of perception of aging was religion (t＝4. 17, p＝0.001). 3) The general characteristic variable related to the level of physical aging was age (F＝12.008, p＝0.000). There was a significant relationship between self - cencept and perception of aging, and between physical aging and perception of aging. Therefore nursing intervention should focus on promoting a positive perception of aging and strengthening self- concept during the physical aging process.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1989

This descriptive-comparative study attempted to examine the differences according to the year in college of 288 junior college nursing students attitudes about mental illness. The instrument used for this study was the OㆍMㆍI (Opinion about Mental Illness) scale developed by Cohen and Struening. Data collection was done from the 27th to the 30th of September, 1988 by means of a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by computer, using the t-test and Analysis of Variance. The finding of this study are as follows : 1. Hypothesis I: “There will be a difference in attitudes toward mental illness according to the year in college 1"There will be a difference in the attitude about authoritarianism-according to the year in college" was rejected(F＝.5675, P＝.5676). 2 "There will be a difference in the attitude about benevolence-according to the year in college." was accepted(F＝.5376, P＝.5848). 3. "There will be a difference in the attitude about mental hygiene ideology-according to." was accepted (F＝17.3497, P＝.0000). 4. "There will be a difference in the attitude about social restrictiveness-according to" was rejected (F＝1.7416, P＝.1771), 5."There will be a difference in the attitude about interpersonal etiology-according to" was accepted (F＝10.8597, P＝.0000). 2. Hypothesis II : "There will bed difference in attitudes toward mental illness." according to whether or not the student have had clinical practice in the psychiatric ward. 1.There will be a difference in the attitudes about authoritarianism - according to "whether or not the student's have had clinical practice in the psychiatric ward was rejected(t＝.59, p＝.555). 2. "Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, There will be difference in the attitudes about benevolence." was rejected (t＝1.34, p＝.182). 3."Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, there will be difference of the mental hygiene ideology attitude." was accepted (t＝2.72, p＝.008). \circled4 “Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, there will be difference of the social restrictiveness - attitude." was rejected (t＝-.59, p＝.557). 5. "Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, there will be difference of to interpersonal etiology-attitude." was accepted(t＝3.55, p＝.001). In conclusion, it was found that the higher the year in College, the more positive the attitudes are about mental hygiene ideology and interpersonal etiology. This study suggests that more positive attifudes about psychiatric illness can be induced by a more effective educational experience. The main limitation of this study was that the sociocultural background of Korea is not considered in the OㆍMㆍI scale.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.69-89
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• 2001

This study is focused that the electronic commerce(EC) on the purchasing section may improve the efficiency and transparency of the hospitals management. After reviewing the purchasing activity of hospitals, I study the introduction, expected effects, and problems of EC. So, I am going to provide basic information for activating EC. The samples are managers of 170 hospitals, which are located on Seoul. As a result of collection this survey, I analyze 79 hospitals. For data analysis, I use $X^2$-test and ANOVA for purchasing management and the relevance of EC according to the level of care. The results of this study are 1. The problems on the management of purchasing section are: firstly, they don't have sufficient time to study market. Secondly, it is difficult to find competitive suppliers. And, lastly, they cannot gather a lot of information about the price of products. 2. There are many answers of the needs on the introduction of B2B. However, some hospitals think they don't need it. But, the most answers are that the EC will be settled within 4 years. So, we can realize that these hospitals are getting interested on the EC. On the other hand, I find that they prefer outside EC companies for the introduction of EC. 3. On the expected effects on EC, first is the effectiveness of the market survey. The next is to collect information of adequate price of products owing to clear transaction, find easier new suppliers and gather useful data. 4. On the external problems of the introduction of EC, there is low credibility related to the security and the weakness of suppliers' information system. Especially, on the Real Transaction Price Payment system, the bigger bed size, the higher understanding on these problems. On the internal problems of the introduction of EC, first is the burden of the introduction of EC and operating cost. Especially, on the burden of the disclosure of revenue source, the smaller bed size, the higher understanding on this problem So, this is a point which deserves my attention statistically. However, this shows relatively little understanding about incomplete the standard of product category and the weak information system of hospital. Through this study, I am going to suggest 3 points for the activation of the introduction of EC on hospitals. 1. The reform of the Real Transaction Price Payment System on medical supplies and materials for medical treatment 2. The establishment of the standard of product category 3. The promotion of information system based on network.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.80-90
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of a chronic disease on body image, and to show that body image is directly related to one's self concept. Body image is the concept of one's own body based on present and past perception, and is elated to one's self concept. Body image is a dynamic concept constantly changing throughout the life cycle but it changes greatly in illness, surgery, and accident. The child with a chronic disease experiences pain and immobilization due to illness and he/she experiences a strange environment in the hospital. illness often brings feeling of frustration and loss of self-esteem. Therefore this study was done to compare the body image of a child with a chronic disease（Asthma), with that of a normal healthy child, and to determine the relationship between the body image and self concept. The subjects in this study were 36 children being treated for asthma at the allergy clinic of Y University Hospital in Seoul (patient group) and 44 children attending elementary school in Kwanak Ku Seoul (normal healthy group). For the measurement of the body image, the researcher used Secord & Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale, and another scale which was constructed after reading about Osgood's Semantic Differential Method. For the measurement of the self concept, the researcher used Jacox & Stewart's Health Self Concept. The period for data collection was from October 7th to October 27th, 1982. The analysis of data was done by use of Percentage, t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA, The results of the study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis,“That the chronically ill (Asthma) child will have a more negative body image than the normal healthy child.”was supported. 2. The second hypothesis,“The more negative the body image, the lower the self concept.”was also supported. 3. The researcher failed to obtain statistically significant results in the analysis of the general characteristics which affect the body image except in the case of the older child as compare to the younger Child having a mole positive body image (r=.2751, r=.2481, p<.05). However it was found that, 1) Boy's have a more positive body image than girls (Mean=〔37.81, 141.09〕,〔37.00, 126.54〕), 2) The child who has been hospitalized has a more negative body image than the child who has never been hospitalized (Mean=〔33.25, 122.45〕,〔35.68, 129.93〕). 3) The younger the child when the disease is discovered and diagnosed, the more negative the body image (Onset of illness: Mean=〔31.44, 117.33〕,〔34.00, 103.50〕, 〔35.75, 140.38〕,〔36.33, 130.00〕, Time of Diagnosis: Mean=〔29.00, 117.33〕,〔33.89, 115.00〕,〔33.36, 124.93〕,〔37.10, 139. 20〕). In conclusion the chronically ill(.Asthma) child has a more negative body image than the normal healthy child, and the more negative the body image the lower the self concept. Therefore the concept of body image is useful in understanding the influences of chronic disease on body' image and self concept.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2009

Purpose : This study is a descriptive correlation study to offer the basic materials for developing the preventive program of continuously increasing AIDS in the young people by examining the knowledge and attitude of AIDS in college students. Methods : The period of data collection was from May 1 to 15, 2009, 300 freshman, sophomore and junior students who understood the purpose of the research and agreed to participate in the questionnaire were randomly sampled, structured questionnaire was distributed to them and their responses were collected. Instruments used for this study included those used by Kim and Lee and revised and complemented by this researcher to measure the knowledge of AIDS and those by Yun and Lee revised and complemented by the researcher to measure the attitude of AIDS. For data analysis, it measured technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/PC 12.0. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The whole knowledge of AIDS the subjects had scored 58.9 and their average attitude scored $3.78(1{\pm}25)$. 2. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on general characteristics and health-related characteristics of the subjects, it was found that the students at the department of emergency medical showed higher knowledge(t=3.638, p=.001) and positive attitude of AIDS(t=3.330, p=.001) compared to students at other majors. 3. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on AIDS-related education, subjects who had experienced AIDS education(t=1.973, p=.050), those with the experience of theory education(F=4.057, p=.008), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=4.588, p=.000), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.898, p=.004) showed higher know1edge of AIDS. In the attitude of AIDS, subjects with theory-oriented AIDS education(F=3.012, p=.032), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=2.445, p=.015), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.379, p=.018) showed positive attitude of AIDS education. 4. As the knowledge of AIDS the subjects was higher(r=.329, p=.000), they showed more positive attitude of AIDS and it meant that there was positive correlations. Conclusion : Consequently, systematic, concrete and continuous education of AIDS suitable to the requirements of college students is needed to induce changes of their knowledge and attitude of AIDS and for this, AIDS education program which can be used properly by the developmental stages of college students who belong to late adolescence should be developed in the field of school and if possible, curriculum of sex education including AIDS education should be established in all departments of college.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to offer basic data in arranging the improved working environment to Emergency Medical Technicians, by analyzing the influence of job satisfaction in Emergency Medical Technician within hospital upon organizational commitment. Method : This study was carried out targeting 203 Emergency Medical Technicians who are working at hospitals in B Metropolitan City, U Metropolitan City, D Metropolitan City, an d G Province. The data collection was performed from April 1, 2009 to June 10. The statistical processing was used a program of SPSS WIN 12.0 Version. The statistical significance was set to p<.05. Results : 1. In the descriptive statistics of the job satisfaction and the organizational commitment. the whole average for job satisfaction was 3.06 points. The whole average for organizational commitment was 3.05 points. 2. In the difference between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the group for job satisfaction was indicated to be statistically significant in job-choice motive(F=2.710, p<.05) and turnover propensity(t=.662, p<.001). The group for organizational commitment was indicated to be statistically significant in working department(F=2.871, p<.05), job-choice motive(F=2.944, p<.05), turnover propensity(t=.903, p<.001), and turnover reason(F=3.415, p<.01). 3. In the correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the job satisfaction showed positive correlation(r=.736, p<.01) with organizational commitment. 4. As for the influence of job-satisfaction factor upon organizational commitment, salary(${\beta}$=.162, t=2.739, p<.01), autonomy(${\beta}$=.372, t=4.633, p<.001), working environment(${\beta}$=.139, t=1.968, p<.05), and organizational needs(${\beta}$=.172, t=2.291, p<.05) were indicated to have significant effect on organizational commitment. Conclusion : The institutional arrangement is considered to be likely to be necessarily made highly for improving social image and enhancing salary and working environment so that Emergency Medical Technician within hospital can be enhanced job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2001

As a nursing practice involves nurses'actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives. Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal); excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, accountability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics); human respect, partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences, positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention, rewarding, peer relationship(3 theories of situations). The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore, it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to find any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2010

본 연구는 카지노에서 근무하고 있는 시큐리티 종사자의 사회화 과정을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 이해도를 높이기 위해 각 단계별 사회화 과정 질문이 이루어 졌다. 또한 보다 심층적인 연구를 위해 다양한 질적 연구방법을 채택하였다. 연구대상자로는 서울소재 3곳의 외국인전용 카지노 중 2곳을 선정하 였으며, 본 연구의도에 합당하다고 판단되는 시큐리티 종사자 중 본 연구목적의 적합성을 고려하여 학부과정 중 경호학을 전공한 재직기간, 1년 이상- 5년 이하의 종사자 7인을 선정하였으며, 업무형태로는 영업장 현장에서 안전관리업무를 담당하고 있는 종사자들로 구성되어있다. 자료는 귀납적 내용분석방법과 지속적인 자료 비교를 통하여 이루어졌으며, 자료 수집은 심층면담을 주된 방법으로 활용하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료를 분석 및 해석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 적응기 사회화에서는 스포츠참여와 미디어를 통해 사회화가 이루어졌으며 둘째, 직업준비 사회화에서는 다양한 학교 교과과정과 전공학과 선배들이 사회화의 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 셋째, 직장에서의 조직 사회화는 직장동료들과의 어려움, 전문적인 안전교육 부족, 시큐리티 근무자로서의 자부심, 인사제도의 형평성 등이 직장에서의 사회화에 결정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2018

Purpose - In the insurance distribution channel, the salespeople plays a role of representing the company, and recognizes the needs of the customers and plays a role in responding to them. Therefore, their turnover can have a great influence on the company performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between salespeople's personal - environmental fit and organizational commitment and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection was conducted a self-filling questionnaire for salespeople for about one month from July 24, 2017 to August 30, 2017. The subjects of the questionnaire were the insurance salespeople who work in the sales line such as K life, S fire. A total of 450 copies were distributed and 432 copies of the questionnaire were used for final analysis. The analysis program used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. Analysis method was Frequency Analysis, Reliability & Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Structural Equation Model(SEM). Results - As a result of Hypothesis 1, Person-Supervisor Fit had significant influence only on Continuance Commitment. Person-Job Fit did not have a significant effect on Organizational Commitment. Person-Coworker Fit had a significant effect on Continuance Commitment and Affective Commitment. Person-Organization Fit had a significant impact on Affective Commitment. Therefore, only , , , , were adopted. As a result of Hypothesis 2, Continuance Commitment had a significant effect on turnover intention. Therefore, only was adopted. Conclusions - This study suggests that it is necessary to manage the human resources in the sales field through studies related to salespeople's extension of the research scope and salespeople's turnover intention. Based on the results of this study, the conclusion suggests some implications for the efficient human resources management of insurance companies in sales channels. It is expected that it will be helpful for the salespeople to find out what kind of Person-Environment Fit affects the organizational commitment and how to manage the organizational commitment among the three dimensions of organizational commitment to reduce turnover intention.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2915-2925
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• 2013

본 연구는 간호대 학생들의 도덕 판단력과 윤리적 의사결정 유형을 파악하고 실습에서 경험한 윤리적 딜레마를 분석한 연구이다. 자료 수집은 2-4학년 학생 189명의 구조화된 설문지와 윤리적 문제에 대한 자가 보고로 이루어졌다. 기간은 2012년 11월6일에서 20일 까지 하였다. 학생들의 P(%)점수는 2학년 47.92, 3학년 43.74, 4학년 43.75였다. 4단계 점수는 22.37, 22.98, 19.74였다. 4학년의 P(%)점수는 3학년보다 떨어지지 않았고, 4단계 점수는 감소하였는데, 이는 윤리교육 효과에 대한 선행 연구결과와 같았다. 이와 같은 결과는 학생들의 자발적인 사례발표와 토론의 결과라 할 수 있다. 학생들이 가장 선호하는 윤리적 의사결정은 유형3(35.45%)이었다. 학생들이 실습에서 경험한 윤리적 딜레마는 7개 항목으로 환자의 권리와 존엄성 손상, 치료와 간호 표준 불이행, 임종 준비와 죽음 순이었다. 본 연구는 학생들이 실습에서 경험하는 윤리문제를 스스로 분석하고 개방적인 토론을 하는 윤리교육에 대한 후속 연구를 제언한다.