• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.31.1-31.7
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this retrospective study was to show results from platform-switched narrow-diameter implants in the posterior edentulous region, which we followed up for more than 1 year after functional loading. Methods: Ninety-eight narrow implants were inserted into 66 patients. After healing, fixed implant-supported prostheses were delivered to the patients, and Periotest and radiographic examinations were performed. After the first year of loading, the implant outcome was again evaluated clinically and radiographically using the Periotest analysis. Crestal bone loss and Periotest values (PTVs) were used to evaluate the effect of surgery, prosthesis, implant, and a host-related factor. A general linear model was used to statistically detect variables statistically associated with crestal bone loss and Periotest value. Results: We followed up on the implants over 1 to 4 years after loading; their survival rate was 100 %, and pronounced differences from PTVs were noted among jaw location, bone quality, and loading period. No difference was detected in bone loss among the variables studied. Bone loss after functional loading was $0.14{\pm}0.39mm$. The stability value from the Periotest was $-3.29{\pm}0.50$. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, judicious use of platform-switched narrow implants with a conical connection must be considered an alternative for wide-diameter implants to restore a posterior edentulous region.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.1 s.27
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• pp.21-44
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• 1989

Incipient changes of the periodontal tissue in the pressure zones of rat molar subjected to the experimental force were studied by the transmission electron microscope. Experimental animals were consisted in 3 control and 21 experimental rats, of which one maxillary first molar was moved buccally with a fixed appliance which were exerting the force of 15 gm. After experimental period of 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days and 7 days, the animal were sacrificed with cardiac perfusion of $2.5\%$ glutaraldehyde in the sodium cacodylate buffer and the experimental teeth with surrounding periodontal structures were processed for electron microscope. At the beginning of the tooth movement, periodontal ligaments of the pressure were compressed and collagenous fibers were arranged parallel to the root of the teeth and cell free zones in company with cell necrosis were followed. Cell free zones at the periodontal ligaments appeared in the 3 hour survival group, and getting severe with time lapse it became widespread in 2-3 day survival group and undermining bone resorption as a healing process was observed in 7 day survival group. Dilatation of mitochondria and swelling of the rER in the fibroblast and other connective tissue cells in the periodontal ligament were observed in the 3 hour survival group, which were characteristics of the incipient changes in the compressed periodontal ligament. Dilatation of nuclear membrane and pyknosis were followed by the destruction of the nucleus and cell membrane. There were no evidence in cell damage or necrosis of the alveolar bone adjacent to the hyalinized area of periodontal ligaments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.961-974
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• 1997

The ZZimzilbang is a room where many women eagerly go due to the special meaning women give to it related to their health. It is a different type of sauna room which maintains low degree of temperature, consisting of an Ondol room(Korean under-floor heating system, hypocaust) built with mineral stone radiating ultrared rays. Even though many women mention that they utilize it for health, there is no precise evidence of the effects on their health. This ethnographic study sought to define the phenomenon from the perspective of the women who experienced the ZZimzilbang. A convenience sample of 27 women was interviewed during a 15 month period from December 1995 to July 1997 in 12 ZZimzilbangs located in Seoul, Korea. The mean ages of the women 57.3 years ; seventeen women were housekeeper and only eight women had job : twenty women were married and three women among them were widows. The main reasons women patronize the place are : for mitigation and healing of physical signs and symptoms : composure ; safe lodging and boarding : control of outward appearance : control of health ; meeting and fellowship with friends : and custom. The outcomes of the utilization of the place were : mitigation of physical signs and symptoms : psychological tranquility : cosmetic and diet ; good use of spare time : and utilization of services provided there. Most women who visited ZZimzilbang for relief of physical signs and symptoms strongly mentioned a correlation to inadequate Sanhujori, the traditional postpartal and postabortal care for woman. Some of specific kinds of services provided in that place were alternative therapy such as acupuncture, negative cupping, finger-pressure, mugwort steam and various kinds of massage including massage of blood vessels that are influenced by Oriental medicine ; health education of breathing such as abdominal breathing or Danjeon(단전호흡) : and selling of many things including health foods, drugs for osteoporosis, and eutrophics. This study suggests that professional caregivers should further study this phenomenon for the development of adequate care of women with a resulting important in their quality of life.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) after tooth extraction in patients with osteoporosis on oral bisphosphonates in Korea and to evaluate local factors affecting the development of BRONJ. Materials and Methods: The clinical records of 320 patients who underwent dental extraction while receiving oral bisphosphonates were reviewed. All patients had a healing period of more than 6 months following the extractions. Each patient's clinical record was used to assess the incidence of BRONJ; if BRONJ occurred, a further radiographic investigation was carried out to obtain a more definitive diagnosis. Various local factors including age, gender, extraction site, drug type, duration of administration, and C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) level were retrieved from the patients' clinical records for evaluating their effect on the incidence of BRONJ. Results: Among the 320 osteoporotic patients who underwent tooth extraction, 11 developed BRONJ, reflecting an incidence rate of 3.44%. Out of the local factors that may affect the incidence of BRONJ, gender, drug type, and CTx level showed no statistically significant effects, while statistically significant associations were found for age, extraction site, and duration of administration. The incidence of BRONJ increased with age, was greater in the mandible than the maxilla, and was associated with a duration of administration of more than 3 years. Conclusion: Tooth extraction in patients on oral bisphosphonates requires careful consideration of their age, the extraction site, and the duration of administration, and close postoperative follow-up should be carried out to facilitate effective early management.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.569-584
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• 2000

In order to evaluate the effects of the early exposure of e-PTFE membrane on the periodontal regeneration, 21 cases of 21 patients diagnosed as the chronic adult periodontitis were evaluated. All were class II furcation involvement cases. The control group was composed of 7 cases treated only by the flap operation. 14 cases were treated by the e-PTFE membrane as the experimental group, the membranes of 7 cases were exposed more than 1mm during healing period, which were named as the experimental group I, and the others, experimental group II. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bone probing depth, and gingival recession were recorded before the treatment and 6 months after the treatment. The results were as follows. 1. Significant probing depth reductions were observed for all groups(p<0.05), but no group shows significantly greater reductions than another. 2. Significant clinical attachment gains were observed for the experimental group II(p<0.05), no significant gains were observed in the other groups. 3. Significant bone probing depth reductions were observed for the experimental group II(p<0.05), no significant reductions were observed in the other groups. 4. All but the experimental group II exhibited a significant increase in gingival recession(p<0.05). The result suggested that is case of the e-PTFE membrane is exposed, the result is similar to that of flap operation without membrane. Therefore selecting the proper treatment case, intricate surgical procedure and infection control are essential for minimizing the chance of membrane exposure and finally for the good treatment results.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the decontamination of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser in treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs. A total 24 implants with a sandblasted with large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surface were inserted in six mongrel dogs. After a 3-month healing period, experimental peri-implantitis characterized by a bone loss of about 3mm was established by inducing with wires. And then wires were removed and plaque control was implemented. Surgical treatment involving flap procedure + debridement of implants surface with chlorhexidine and saline (group 1), flap procedure + GBR with absorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) and mineralized bone graft (Bio-Oss) (group 2), and flap procedure + $CO_2$ laser application + GBR (group 3) was performed. The animals were killed 8 weeks and 16 weeks after treatment, respectively. A histomorphometric analysis confirmed statistically considerable new bone formation within the limit of the 5 most coronal threads in group 3 compared with group 1 at 16 weeks (P<0.05). And intragroup analysis showed considerable increase of new bone formation in group 3 at 16 weeks compared with 8 weeks (P<0.05). The present study demonstrates considerable new bone formation after treatment of experimental peri-implantitis with flap procedure, $CO_2$ laser application and GBR.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.655-660
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• 2009

The potential anti-metastasis and anti-invasion activities of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and claudin-3, a tight junction (TJ)-related protein, were evaluated using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The results of wound healing and Transwell assays showed that HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate inhibited cell migration and invasion. HDAC inhibitors markedly induced Egr-1 expression during the early period, after which expression levels decreased. In addition, the down-regulation of snail and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) in HDAC inhibitor- treated cells induced the upregulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), E-cadherin and claudin-3. Cells transfected with Egr-1 and claudin-3 siRNA displayed significant blockage of HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-invasive activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that the up-regulation of Egr-1 and claudin-3 are crucial steps in HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-metastasis and anti-invasion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2016

Background Bioabsorbable plates and screws are commonly used to reduce maxillofacial bones, particularly in pediatric patients because they degrade completely without complications after bone healing. In this study, we encountered eight cases of a delayed foreign body reaction after surgical fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws. Methods A total of 234 patients with a maxillofacial fracture underwent surgical treatment from March 2006 to October 2013, in which rigid fixation was achieved with the Inion CPS (Inion, Tampere, Finland) plating system in 173 patients and Rapidsorb (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA) in 61 patients. Their mean age was 35.2 years (range, 15-84 years). Most patients were stabilized with two- or three-point fixation at the frontozygomatic suture, infraorbital rim, and anterior wall of the maxilla. Results Complications occurred in eight (3.4%) of 234 patients, including palpable, fixed masses in six patients and focal swelling in two patients. The period from surgical fixation to the onset of symptoms was 9-23 months. Six patients with a mass underwent secondary surgery for mass removal. The masses contained fibrous tissue with a yellow, grainy, cloudy fluid and remnants of an incompletely degraded bioabsorbable plate and screws. Their histological findings demonstrated a foreign body reaction. Conclusions Inadequate degradation of bioabsorbable plates caused a delayed inflammatory foreign body reaction requiring secondary surgery. Therefore, it is prudent to consider the possibility of delayed complications when using bioabsorbable plates and surgeons must conduct longer and closer follow-up observations.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2006

Purpose: We performed vastus lateralis (VL) muslce or myocutaneous flap for close of the trochanteric skin defect usually happened in paraplegia and report our 6 cases. Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and August 2005 we performed 4 cases of VL muscule flap with skin graft and 2 cases of VL myocutaneous flap for close of the trochanteric skin defect in 6 paraplegia patients. There were 5 men and 1 woman and mean age was 52.2 years and mean diameters of skin defect was $8.3{\times}8.3\;cm$. The mean follow up period was 18 months. The survival of flap, complications, healing time and patient's satisfaction were evaluated. Results: All flaps were survived except 1 case of margin necrosis. In 2 cases, blood-serous discharges were continued after operation which might be due to dead space and treated with $2{\sim}3$ times debridement and delayed close. Mean time to heal the skin defect was 7.6 weeks. No infection and recurrence in follow up periods. Cosmetic results judged by patients are that 3 cases are good and 3 cases are fair. Conclusion: VL muscle and myocutaneous flap is good treatment method among the numerous methods in treatment-failed cases of trochanteric skin defects of paraplegia patients. This surgical procedure is simple, constant blood supply, good pliability, cosmetic results and also appliable to other skin defect of pelvis girdle like sacrum and ischium.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 1993

Recent advances in microsurgery have made it possible to provide a continued circulation of blood to the grafted bone so as to ensure viability. With the nutrient blood supply preserved, healing of the graft to the recipient bone is facilitated without the usual replacement of the graft by creeping substitution. We reviewed 34 cases of vascularized osteocutaneous fibular transfers to the infected tibial defect complicated with skin defect, which were performed from May, 1982 to January, 1992, and the following results were obtained: 1. Despite of uncontrolled bone infection with skin defect, the vascularized osteocutaneous fibular flap transfer could be performed. 2. In the vascularized osteocutaneous fibula transfer, the patency of anastomoses could be indirectly monitored by observing the color of the skin flap. 3. The vascularized fibula had been hypertrophied with bony union during the follow-up period of 13 months to 6 years and 4 months(average, 30 months) and there was no resorption of the grafted fibula. 4. There was no fracture of the grafted fibula in parti resection of involved tibia. 5. The hypertrophic potentiality of grafted fibula could be inhibited by the infection status as operation site.