• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.234-237
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• 2003

Previous researches about headed reinforcement have not been concerned about bond failure which is quite important is some cases. In this paper, failure mechanism including bond failure was presented in order to define the contribution of bond stress at the time failure occurs. Examined with design codes and test results, it is proved to be rational to consider the contribution of bond stress in determining the ultimate pull-out capacity of headed reinforcement. Direct adaptation of design code for anchor bolt without modification for the contribution of bond stress will lead to underestimate the capacity of headed reinforcement.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2022

Empirical relationships that capture the nonlinear behavior of headed steel shear stud anchors have been derived from standard push out tests, where the specimens are comprised of large wide flanged steel sections attached to flat concrete slabs via the anchors. However, many composite systems used in practice utilize much smaller steel members and/or steel decking as part of the slab system. Composite open web steel joist systems generally include both of these elements and consequently the nonlinear performance ofthe anchor is not accurately represented by existing models. In this paper, a new empirical relation is presented for open web steel joist systems based on experimental results from a modified push out test that more realistically represent a composite open web steel joist system. The methodology for obtaining the proposed nonlinear function where the response of the system is characterized by two parameters(α and β) is presented. The two-step process for obtaining the two parameters is described and the empirical relation is calibrated with the experimental data. In comparison with existing expressions, the new proposal herein more accurately predicts the high initialstiffness of the system and overall nonlinear system performance.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

이 논문은 콘크리트 콘 파괴에 의해 지배될 때의 인장력의 예측과 Headed bar의 인발 파괴 양상을 보여준다. 1개의 다른 플레이트 형상과 세가지의 서로 다른 용접 방법에 따라 시험이 이루어졌다. 시험의 변수는 Headed plate에 연결된 철근의 직경(16mm, 19mm, 22mm), 형상(원형, 직사각형, 정사각형)과 head plate의 차원(면적, 두께), 철근과 head plate와의 연결을 위한 용접 방법(일반용접, 마찰용접)이다. Headed bar는 ASTM 970-98에 기초한 모양과 두께를 가진 다른 단면적으로 제조되었으며 콘크리트의 부착 길이는 CSA 23.3-94에 의거하여 산정되었다. 정적 인장하중이 적용되었으며 시험 인발 성능은 ACI-349와 CCD 방법과 같은 현재의 설계방법에 의해 산출된 값과 비교하였다. 실험결과와 기존식을 비교하면 Headed bar가 앵커와 달리 넓은 플레이트 면적과 이형철근으로 인해 기준식에 비해 높은 강도와 큰 파괴 반경을 나타내었다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2021

The damage to non-structural elements in buildings has been increasing due to earthquakes. In Korea, post-installed anchors produced overseas have been mainly used for seismic anchorage of non-structural components to structures. Recently, a new cast-in-place concrete insert anchor installed in concrete without drilling has been developed in Korea. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the tensile and shear strengths of the newly developed anchor under monotonic load. The failure modes of the tension specimens were divided into concrete breakout failure and steel failure, and all shear specimens showed steel failure. In both tension and shear, the maximum loads of specimens were greater than the nominal strengths predicted by the concrete design code (KDS 14 20 54). As a result, it is expected that the current code can also be used to calculate the strength of the developed cast-in anchor.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2015

In the moment frame subjected to earthquake loads, beam-column joint is structurally important for ductile behavior of a system. ACI Committee 352 proposed guidelines for designing beam-column joint details. The guidelines, however, need to be updated because of the lack of data regarding several factors that may improve the performance of joints. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete exterior joints with high-strength materials and unbonded tendons. Three specimens with different joint shear demand-to-strength ratios were constructed and tested, where headed bars were used to anchor the beam bars into the joint. All specimens showed satisfactory seismic behavior including moment strength of 1.3 times the nominal moment, ductile performance (ductility factor = at least 2.4), and sufficiently large dissipated energy.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2002

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the behavior of mechanical anchorage of reinforcing bars in concrete members. Three kinds of mechanical anchorage which are a kind of headed reinforcements are considered in this study. Total seven specimens were prepared to consider the effects of anchoring methods (Type A, Type B and Type C) and anchorage lengths of the reinforcing bars (14 $d_{b}$, 12 $d_{b}$, 9 $d_{b}$). Pullout tests conforming to ASTM were carried out to assess the effects of several variables on anchoring strength of bars. Based on the test results, it was concluded that the behavior of the specimen anchored by the mechanical anchorage with the anchor-age length of 12 $d_{b}$, is as good as, or better than that of the specimen anchored by 90-degree standard hook.rd hook.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2001

This paper presents the evaluation of behavior and the prediction of tensile capacity of anchors that can cause a failure of the concrete on the basis of the design for anchorage. Tests of cast-in-place headed anchors, domestically manufactured and installed in uncracked and unreinforced concrete member are conducted to test the effected of embedment length and edge distance. The failure modes and the load-deformation responses of the anchors are discussed and then the concrete failure data are compared with capacities by the two present methods : the 45 degree cone method of ACI 349, 318 and the concrete capacity design (COD) method. Differences between the results by test and by two prediction methods are analyzed Finite Element Method (FEM).

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

본 연구는 고강도 철근을 확대머리 이형철근으로 사용하는 경우 정착길이 효과에 관한 실험 연구이다. 현행 기준에서는 확대머리 이형철근의 정착길이를 산정하는 식에서 철근의 설계기준강도를 400 MPa로 한정하고 있다. 고강도 철근에 대한 연구결과가 충분하지 않기 때문에 이러한 규정이 명시된 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 설계기준 항목강도 600 MPa의 철근으로 확대머리 이형철근을 제작하여, 변수별 실험연구를 수행하였다. 실험은 철근의 정착길이, 철근의 개수, 그리고 확대머리의 형상 등의 변수로 계획하였다. 실험체는 정착길이가 긴 L형과 정착길이가 짧은 S형으로 분류하고, 확대머리의 형상은 원판형(A형)과 원뿔형(B형)으로 구분하였다. L형 실험체는 원판형 확대머리를 대상으로 철근 개수가 1~3으로 변하는 3개의 실험체와 S형 실험체는 원판과 원뿔형 확대머리 형상에 대하여 정착길이를 L형의 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%로 변화한 실험체를 계획하였다. L형(LA형) 3개, SA형 4개, SB형 4개 등 총 11개의 실험체를 인발실험을 하였다. 실험결과는 콘크리트구조기준(부록 II)의 정착길이 산정 규정에 따라 평가하였으며, 그 결과 항복강도 600 MPa의 철근을 사용한 확대머리 이형철근은 현행기준의 설계식을 적용하여 설계할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.62-65
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• 2006

This study investigated the behavior of R/C column confined with headed crossties subjected to eccentric loading. The 16 specimens are designed to have adequate confinement steel, determined by ACI seismic design. The variables studied in this research test are eccentricity to depth ratios, spacing of lateral steel and the anchor type of end of crossties. From the test results, all columns showed similar behavior up to the peak load but those columns laterally confined with head presented more ductile behavior after the peak load. The comparisons indicate that the flexural behavior of confined-concrete columns can be computed resonable accurately by P-M interaction curve.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.67-70
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• 2005

In this study, an experimental investigation of the strength of R/C columns with 300mm square sections confined by head anchorage bar is presented. This initial phase of research considers only axial loading and consists of a total of 7 column tests. The main variables are distance and anchorage type of transverse reinforcement such as standard hooks and headed bar. The purpose of this study is to investigate the confinement effect and strength increment by head and to propose the confinement model for column using the head at end of lateral tie. Also, the test results for ultimate strength and strength gain factor of columns in this study and previous study is compared with the existing analytical models. Based on the test results, the Saatcioglu's model estimates confinement effects was closed to experimental value and the developed analytical approach considered the head was capable of predicting the strength gain factor results with a resonable accuracy.