• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

From our previous result that Panax ginseng head extract had inhibition of gastric damages, the extract was fractionated. Among the hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fractions, butanol fraction Showed the most potent inhibition of HCl.ethanol-induced gastric lesion, aspirin-induced gastric ulcer, acetic acid-induced ulcer and Shay ulcer. Butanol fraction showed significant increase in mucin secretion, and inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H^{+}/K^{+}ATPase$ activity in the stomach. This results indicate that the effectiveness of the fraction on gastric damages might be related to inhibition of acid secretion, increment of mucin secretion and antioxidant property.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the improvement effects of head of Panax ginseng on chronic arthritis, we have investigated the activity of butanol fraction (BuOH fraction) in vitro and in vivo system. BuOH fraction showed significant inhibition on the elastase activity. Anti-arthritic activity of BuOH fraction was also examined on type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. Mice were immunized with injection of type II collagen emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by a booster injection 21 days later. BuOH fraction(BHPG) was administered at an oral dose of 500mg/kg for 2 weeks from the 1st day boost. The hind paw edema was significantly decreased in the group of treatment with BuOH fraction compared to control. In collagen-induced DBA/1J mice, BuOH fraction did not affected the collagen antibody titer but significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) activity. These results were confirmed with histological evaluation of joint tissues. This study may raise the possibility that the usage of BuOH fraction of head of Panax ginseng as alternative medicine for the relief and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.906-911
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• 2003

We previously reported that the butanol (BuOH) fraction of the head of Panax ginseng exhibited gastroprotective activity in peptic and chronic ulcer models. In order to identify the active constituent, an activity-guided isolation of the BuOH faction was conducted with a HCI$.$ethanol-induced gastric lesion model. The BuOH fraction was passed through a silica-gel column using a chloroform-methanol gradient solvent system, and six fractions (frs. 1-6) were obtained. The active fr. 5 was further separated by silica-gel column, to yield 6 subfractions (subfrs. a-f). Subfr. d was composed of ginsenosides Re, Rc and $Rb_1$. The most active constituent was ginsenoside $Rb_1$ ($GRb_1$), a protopanaxadiol glycoside, which was investigated for its anti-ulcer effect. Gastric injury induced by HCI$.$ethanol, indomethacin and pyloric ligation (Shay ulcer) was apparently reduced with oral $GRb_1$ doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. $GRb_1$ at these dosage significantly increased the amount of mucus secretion in an ethanol-induced model. The anti-ulcer effects were consistent with the result of histological examination. These results suggest that the major active constituent in the head of Panax ginseng is $GRb_1$ and that anti-ulcer effect is produced through an increase in mucus secretion.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.518-521
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• 2004

이상계 용매시스템을 이용하여 물질을 고순도로 대량 분리 할 수 있는 기술인 countercurrent chromatography를 이용하여 인삼으로부터 생리황성 성분인 saponin을 대량 분리 농축하였다. 용매 조성별 인삼 saponin의 분배계수에 따른 인삼 saponin 분리에 적합한 용매시스템은 chloroform/methanol/water(40/39/21, v/v/v)으로 결정되었으며 HSCCC의 작동 조건은 chloroform/methanol/water 용매시스템의 하층부를 이동상으로 한 head to tail mode에서 이동상의 유속 5mL/min, 인삼추출물 injection량 $200{\mu}L$, 컬럼회전속도 800 rpm의 조건이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 조건하에서 분리된 인삼saponin의 양은 $550.7{\mu}g$으로 HSCCC에 주입한 인삼 추출물 $200{\mu}L$중에 존재하는 총 saponin의 양 $865.5{\mu}g$에 비교하여 전체 수율은 63.6%로 나타났으며 TLC로 각 분획의 순도를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 1996

In a preliminary screening of plant extracts for the antigastritic and antiulcer actions in rats, the extracts of head of Panax ginseng Radix showed positive activity in HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion. Among the systematic fractions of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water, the most potent butanol fraction reduced significantly HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg. In pylorus ligated rats, hexane and butanol fraction showed decreases in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output, of which effects were stronger in butanol fraction. Further assays with butanol fraction disclosed that it significantly suppressed the aspirin-induced and Shay ulcer. The butanol fraction at the intraduodenal dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant stimulation of mucus secretion.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권2호통권129호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2002

Previously, we have reported that the butanol fraction of the head of Panax ginseng had significant gastroprotective activity on gastritis and gastric ulcer models of rats. Considering the safety of the fraction for development of new anti-ulcerative agent or food supplement, general pharmacological study was carried on. The fraction was revealed that have no influence on spontaneous activity, phenobarbital-induced sleeping time, rotarod test, body temperature, gastro-intestinal motility, respiration and blood pressure. The fraction showed weak analgesic action in writhing syndrome and did not show any sign of acute toxicity in mice.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.83-83
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• 2001

Head of Panax ginseng indicates its growth number of years and it has been widely used for supplying energy to weak person. However, the underlying mechanisms are not sufficiently reported. Thus, we inclined to study head of Panax ginseng in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an organ-specific inflammatory disease of human, is characterized by a chronic and destructive inflammatory reaction and possibly autoimmune in etiology. It is occurred when the synobial membranes of joints and many other tissues of the body is attacked which induces significant health problem in terms of numbers of sufferers (U.S. incidence 23.7/100,000), and the synobial inflammatory is dominated by activated macrophage.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.384.3-385
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• 2002

Head of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer indicates its growth number of years and has been widely used for supplying energy to weaklings or used as vomit. Butanol fraction of Panax ginseng head was significantly effective on gastritis and ulcer models in rats. and also had anti-oxidative properties in the previous study. It has been well established that gastric ulcer is induced by imbalance between aggressive factors and protective factors. and the oxidative reaction makes the lesions on gastric mucosal injury severer. (omitted)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1996

Studies were Performed to determine whether the water fraction of Panax ginseng Protected radiation damage to hair medullar cells of N:GP(s) mice after in vivo irradiation with $^{60}Co{\;}{\gamma}-rays$. The hair follicles in the middle of the growth cycle were analysed 3 days after 3 Gy irradiation for the changes in the number of cells in the forming medulla of the hair in the region just above the germinal matrix of the growing (anagen) hair follicle. The radioprotective effect of ginseng was compared with the irradiation control. The medullar cell count per unit length ($100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$) of hair follicle was higher in the pretreated-groups of ginseng, both oral (2 mg/ml of drinking water, p<0.05) and intraperitoneal (0.3 mg/head, p<0.001) treatments, than the irradiation control. These data suggested that the water fraction of Panax ginseng may reduce cell damages on the body surface caused by ${\gamma}-rays$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.354-365
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• 2024

Panax species include Panax ginseng Meyer, Panax quinquefolium L., Panax notoginseng, Panax japonicum, Panax trifolium, and Panax pseudoginseng, which contain bioactive components (BCs) such as ginsenosides and polysaccharides. Recently, growing evidence has revealed the pharmacological effects of Panax species and their BCs on allergic airway diseases (AADs), including allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR). AADs are characterized by damaged epithelium, sustained acquired immune responses with enforced Th2 responses, allergenspecific IgE production, and enhanced production of histamine and leukotrienes by activated mast cells and basophils. In this review, we summarize how Panax species and their BCs modulate acquired immune responses involving interactions between dendritic cells and T cells, reduce the pro-inflammatory responses of epithelial cells, and reduce allergenic responses from basophils and mast cells in vitro. In addition, we highlight the current understanding of the alleviative effects of Panax species and their BCs against AA and AR in vivo. Moreover, we discuss the unmet needs of research and considerations for the treatment of patients to provide basic scientific knowledge for the treatment of AADs using Panax species and their BCs.