• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.503-517
• /
• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 dimensional contoured pillow through analyzing contact pressure and to suggest its design guidelines through analyzing the posture of head and neck area. Background: The quality of sleep is a very important factor closely related with human's health. To improve the quality of sleep, the verification of design factors affecting the posture of the head and neck is needed, and a pillow design that can induce proper posture is required. Method: This study measured the contact pressures of the two reference groups (bead and cotton pillows) as a method to evaluate the design effectiveness of the contoured pillow. This study proposed 3-dimensional design guidelines by drawing anthropometry (head length) affecting cervical curvature angle (CCA) through the measurement of the participants' cervical curvature angles. Results: In the design effectiveness evaluation, the contact pressure of cervical region was higher than that of a reference group (cotton pillow), and contract area increased, and contract pressure decreased in the shape distributing the occipital region's body pressure. This study proposed pillow's cervical supporting height by percentile of a head length [head length (%tile) (cervical supporting height) affecting the posture of the head and neck: 14.6cm (5%tile) (6.2cm), 15.5cm (25%tile) (6.7cm), 16.4cm (50%tile) (7.1cm), and 19.3cm (75%tile) (8.9cm)]. Conclusion: This study confirmed the contoured pillow's design effectiveness maintaining cervical angle comfortable to sleep with the shape supporting the cervical vertebrae and by reducing the contact load of the occipital region. Also, this study proposed pillow design guidelines based on the 3-dimensional contoured pillow design effectiveness, through which the study laid the foundation for pillow design in a systematic method. Application: The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basis data by which the optimum pillow type and pillow design according to main percentile can be standardized.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2024

Background: Sleep accounts for approximately one-third of a person's lifetime. It is a relaxing activity that relieves mental and physical fatigue. Pillows of different sizes, shapes, and materials have been designed to improve sleep quality by achieving an optimal sleep posture. Objects: This study aimed to determine which pillow provides the most comfortable and supports the head and neck during sleep, which may enhance sleep quality. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy adults (19 males and 9 females) with an average age of 29 years participated in this cross-sectional study. This experiment was conducted while the participants laid down for 5 minutes in four different pillow conditions: (1) no pillow (NP), (2) neck support foam pillow (NSFP), (3) standard microfiber filled pillow (SFP), and (4) hybrid foam pillow (HFP). The head-neck peak pressure, cranio-vertebral angle in supine (CVAs), cranio-horizontal angle in supine (CHAs), chin-sternum distance (CSD), and muscle tone of sternocleidomastoid were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The head-neck peak pressure was the highest in the NSFP condition, followed by the NP, SFP, and HFP conditions. The CVAs, CHAs, and CSD of the SFP were lower than those of the other pillows. Muscle tone was the highest in the NP condition, followed by the of NSFP, HFP, and SFP conditions. The participants subjective comfort level in both the supine and side-lying postures was highest in the HFP condition, followed by the SFP and NSFP conditions. Conclusion: This study can be used to establish the importance of pillow selection for high-quality sleep. The results of this study, suggest that a hybrid pillow with a good supportive core and appropriate fluffiness can maintain comfort and correct cervical spine alignment during sleep.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.339-347
• /
• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of various material of pillows by using biomechanical variables such as the cervical stability, head pressure distribution, and muscle activity. Method: Eight subjects participated in the experiment. Three different materials such as polyester sponge, memory foam and the buckwheat shell used for Korean traditional pillow were tested. Electro-goniometer, six channels of electromyography(EMG), ten channels of the head pressure sensors were used to measure the biomechanical responses. Surface electrodes were attached to the right/left semispinals capitis(RSC, LSC), the right/left sternocleidomastoid(RSM, LSM), the right/left upper trapezius(RUT, LUT). The cervical stability was evaluated by the angle deviated from the standing neck position. The head pressure distribution was evaluated by the pressure per unit area recorded on the sensors and the intensity of peak pressure. Electromyography(EMG) data were analyzed by using root mean square(RMS) and mean power frequency(MPF). Results: The buckwheat shell material showed a higher stability in the cervical spine then the other pillows during spine position. In terms of head pressure distribution, the memory form indicated the lowest pressure at supine position, buckwheat shell material indicated the lowest pressure during lying down to side, and polyester cushion recorded the highest pressure at all postures. Conclusion: The buckwheat shell material has a biomechanical advantage to maintain a healthy neck angle and reduce the pressure on the head, which means the buckwheat shell is a potential material for ergonomic pillow design. The pillow with memory form showed second best biomechanical performance in this study. Application: The shape of the buckwheat shell pillow and the characteristics of materials can be used to design the pillow preventing neck pain and cervical disk problems.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1063-1073
• /
• 1999

Objective: Poor head and neck support during sleep can exacerbate the neck pain. Based on the ideal sleep posture and pillow suggested by Cyriax, we designed a new cervical pillow and compared the degree of pain reduction, quality of sleep and pillow satisfaction with a low hospital pillow and a high pillow. Method: The newly designed pillow has a built-in pressure-adjustable air bag in the cervical area and provides normal cervical lordotic curve in supine position and maintains cervical and thoracic vertebrae to form a horizontal line in side-lying position. Thiry-four patients with cervical pain used low hospital pillows for the first week of 3-week randomized crossover design study. They were subsequently randomly assigned to use each of the other two pillows for 1-week period. Outcomes were measured using Visual analog scale, Sleep questionaire, a pillow satisfaction scale. Result: Compared with other 2 types of pillow, Subjects using the newly desinged pillow showed much reduced pain intensity, increased duration of sleep and better satisfaction. Conclustion: We desinged a cervical pillow with built-in pressure adjustable air bag and it can significantly reduce pain intensity and improve quality of sleep in patients with cervical pain.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 두경부암 환자에서 aid-pillow 사용에 따른 pitch와 yaw의 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 두경부암 환자 총 14명을 선정하여 aid-pillow 미사용 그룹(without, n=7)과 사용 그룹(with, n=7)으로 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 총 333회의 MVCT 영상을 이용하여 미사용 그룹(153 image set)과 사용 그룹(180 image set) 각각 종축 일치도(translational adjustments (lateral, longitudinal, vertical))와 회전축 일치도(rotational adjustments (pitch, roll, yaw))를 구하였다. Pitch의 변화 즉, 편차는 미사용 그룹 $0.12^{\circ}$이고, 사용 그룹 $0.09^{\circ}$였다. 그리고, yaw는 미사용 그룹 $0.47^{\circ}$이고, 사용 그룹 $0.17^{\circ}$였다. 전반적으로 사용 그룹이 미사용 그룹에 비해 편차가 작았다. 따라서, 토모테라피를 이용하여 두경부암 방사선치료 시 aid-pillow를 사용하여 pitch와 yaw의 변화를 줄임으로써, 치료의 재현성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.713-720
• /
• 2006

Heat conductivity, height, size, elasticity of pillow, stability of shape, hygroscopicity, ventilation, temperature and easy movability, and so on, are considered to be some of major conditions that affect the comfortable sleep. Considering those factors together, the thermal properties, height, shape and feeling of touch, etc, of pillow must be taken into account. Though studies have been conducted to figure out the physical properties of mattress or pillows from the perspective of factors related to the environment of sleep, they are not enough to be used as an index to evaluate the qualitative aspect of sleep. This study tries to consider the effect of pillow filling materials on the comfortable sleep, for which EEG, ECG, EOG, EMG, RT, etc, are to be measured in an attempt to provide the basic data required in proposing the condition that may lead to a sound and comfortable sleep. Three types of pillows that are sold in the market were used for this research in order to evaluate the quality of sleep depending on the filling materials of pillow. All data were statistically processed and the following conclusions were drawn. It was found that the pillow with feathers provided the best comfort as the pillow A turned out to have the shortest sleeping latency(SL) from the perspective of comfort. The pillow B which used the polyethylene is deemed to be suitable for fatigue relieving purpose as it turned out to have the highest slow wave sleep(SWS), but no statistically significant difference was validated. Moreover, the pillow C which used the natural wool was found to have the narrowest contacting area of the pillow and head and provide a great warm heat comfort that may led to a sound sleep because the temperature below the pillow took the longest time to rise.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.547-553
• /
• 2024

태열을 방치할 경우 아토피피부염으로 악화될 뿐만 아니라 바이러스나 세균에 감염되기도 하고 호흡기질환도 발생될 수 있어서 수면 시 발열되는 신생아 두피 표면 온도 관리가 매우 중요하다. 신생아 베개는 연약한 피부 때문에 주로 면 소재로 사용하거나 유연한 골격으로 두상교정용으로 활용되었다. 본 연구에서는 수면 시 땀 배출로 체온유지가 되지못해 태열을 방치하는 것을 예방하기 위해 기존 신생아 베개와 PCM베개를 신생아를 대상으로 수면 시 두피 표면 온도를 측정하여 주 양육자를 대상으로 이에 대한 사용성을 평가 분석하였다. 그 결과 상변화과정에서 축적 또는 방출하는 열에너지를 저장하는 PCM이 체온유지에 효과가 있음을 파악하였다. 이에 본 논문이 정량적 분석을 통해 향후 신생아 태열베개 개발을 위해 기초적인 자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2020

Nonwet (Head in Pillow) 불량은 SMT(surface mount technology) 공정 불량 유형 중 하나로 이 불량은 solder paste misalign, reflow 조건, package warpage, package ball size 등과 같은 인자에 따라 불량이 발생을 한다. 이에 본 논문은 Nonwet 발생 인자 중 ① reflow 조건 ② package ball & solder paste misalign ③ package ball 크기 type에 대한 인자를 선정하여 nonwet 실험을 진행하였다. 먼저 reflow 조건의 경우 soldering 시간이 길 경우 nonwet risk가 증가를 하나, reflow 공정에 N₂를 적용할 시 solder ball 산화 억제에 따른 nonwet 개선을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 package ball과 solder paste misalign 발생 시 ball과 paste의 접촉 깊이가 20 ㎛ 이하의 경우 nonwet에 취약 했으며, package ball 체면적이 작을수록 nonwet 관점 개선됨을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
• /
• 제30권1_2호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2018

목 적 : 두경부암 방사선 치료 시 사용되는 규격화된 기성 베개에 개인별 경추고정용구를 적용하여 개인별 경추고정용구의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 토모테라피를 이용한 두경부암 치료 환자 중 기성 베개만을 사용한 환자와 개인별 경추고정용구를 적용한 환자 각각 20명을 대상으로 환자 당 20회 치료 시 획득한 MVCT 영상을 토모테라피 영상유도 프로그램으로 자동 보정한 영상을 바탕으로 2번 경추 최하단부부터 발쪽으로 6.7 cm까지 10분할하여 각 분할 당 경추 위치 값을 치료설계 시의 경추 위치 값과 비교하였다. 결 과 : 개인별 경추고정용구를 적용한 경우 50 mm 기준 경추만곡도 일치율은 평균 98.9 %, 최대오차 평균 12.9 mm, 1회 치료 당 평균 오차 5.8 mm, 표준편차 평균 0.59 mm로 측정되었고 개인별 경추고정용구를 적용하지 않았을 경우 경추만곡 일치율은 평균 95.9 %, 최대오차 평균 41.9 mm, 1회 치료 당 평균 오차 19.4 mm, 표준편차 평균 1.34 mm로 측정되었다. 결 론 : 두경부 암 방사선 치료 시 개인별 경추고정용구 적용이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2006

목 적: 방사선치료를 목적으로 촬영된 CT영상을 이용하여 조직내 불균질 물질 및 체위고정 기구에 대한 보정이 선량계산 결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 빛 방법: 체내불균질 물질의 다양한 사례를 알아보기 위하여 본원에서 제작한 물팬텀($250{\times}250{\times}250mm^3$) 내부에 (1) 뼈 (2) 금속 (3) 조영제 (4) 고정기구(Head holder/Vac-lok) 등 CT Number를 변화시킬 수 있는 물질을 삽입하여 CT촬영을 시행 하였다. 각기 다른 형태의 불균질 CT영상을 전산화치료계획장치(RTP)에 입력하여 동일한 조건(SAD=100 cm 조사야=$10{\times}10cm^2$, 깊이=10cm, 1문조사)으로 에너지별(4, 6, 10 MV X-선) 처방선량 100 cGy를 얻기 위한 선량계산(MU)을 시행하여 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과: 물로만 구성된 팬텀을 기준값으로, 불균질 보정계수 차이는 뼈조직 상태인 경우는 $2.7{\sim}5.3%$, 금속물질인 경우 $2.7{\sim}3.8%$, 조영제인 경우 $0.9{\sim}2.3%$, Head holder $0.9{\sim}2.3%$, Head holder와 Pillow인 경우 $3.5{\sim}6.9%$, 그리고 Vac-lok인 경우 $0.9{\sim}1.5%$의 차이로 나타났다. 결 론: 체내의 불균질 보정계수 차이는 임상적으로 그 적용 형태가 다양하고, 일관성을 보이지 않으며, 조사문수가 증가함에 따라 그 차이가 1%미만으로 허용 가능할 것이나, 고정 기구등에 의한 불균질 보정은 충분히 고려하여 선량계산의 부정확도를 최소화 시켜야 할 것으로 사료된다.