• Title/Summary/Keyword: Head and Torso

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Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Simultaneous Traumatic Brain and Torso Injuries in a Single Regional Trauma Center over a 5-Year Period

  • Yun, Jung-Ho
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.270-278
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of surgical treatment of patients with brain and torso injury for 5 years in a single regional trauma center. Methods: We analyzed multiple trauma patients who underwent brain surgery and torso surgery for chest or abdominal injury simultaneously or sequentially among all 14,175 trauma patients who visited Dankook University Hospital Regional Trauma Center from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: A total of 25 patients underwent brain surgery and chest or abdominal surgery, with an average age of 55.4 years, 17 men and eight women. As a result of surgical treatment, there were 14 patients who underwent the surgery on the same day (resuscitative surgery), of which five patients underwent surgery simultaneously, four patients underwent brain surgery first, and one patient underwent chest surgery first, four patients underwent abdominal surgery first. Among the 25 treated patients, the 10 patients died, which the cause of death was five severe brain injuries and four hemorrhagic shocks. Conclusions: In multiple damaged patients require both torso surgery and head surgery, poor prognosis was associated with low initial Glasgow Coma Scale and high Injury Severity Score. On the other hand, patients had good prognosis when blood pressure was maintained and operation for traumatic brain injury was performed first. At the same time, patients who had operation on head and torso simultaneously had extremely low survival rates. This may be associated with secondary brain injury due to low perfusion pressure or continuous hypotension and the traumatic coagulopathy caused by massive bleeding.

Modeling HRTFs for Customization (맞춤형 머리전달함수 구현을 위한 모델링 기법)

  • Shin, Ki-H.;Park, Young-Jin;Park, Yoon-Shik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.641-644
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    • 2005
  • This study reveals some recent attempt in modeling empirically obtained B&K HATS (Head and Torso Simulator) HRTFs (Head Related Transfer Functions) to Isolate parameters that stimulate lateral and elevation perception. Localization using non-individual HRTFs often yields poor performance in synthesizing virtual sound sources when applied to a group of individuals due to differences in size and shape of head, pinnae, and torso. For realization of both effective and efficient virtual audio it is necessary to develop a method to tailor a given set of non-individual HRTFs to fit each listener without measuring his/her HRTF set. Pole-zero modeling is applied to fit HRIRs (Head Related Impulse Responses) and modeling criterions for determining suitable number of parameters are suggested for efficient modeling. Horizontal HRTFs are modeled as minimum-phase transfer functions with appropriate ITDs (Interaural Time Delay) obtained from RTF (Ray Tracing Formula) to better fit the size of listener's head for usage in simple virtualizer algorithms without complex regularization processes. Result of modeling HRTFs in the median plane is shown and parameters responsible for elevation perception are isolated which can be referred to in the future study of developing customizable HRTFs.

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Anterior Somatotype and Body Proportion Modulor by Head Ratio -For 20s-30s Korean Male- (두신지수별 정면체형과 인체비례 모듈러 연구 -한국 성인남성 20~30대를 대상으로-)

  • Jeong, Sun Young;Nam, Yun Ja
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.217-232
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    • 2015
  • Clothing design considers the concept of human body proportions. This paper proposes an anterior somatotype and body proportion modular by head ratio for 20s to 30s Korean males. Anterior somatotype is classified into 18-types with 13 ratios that consist of 7 heights and 6 widths divided by stature. A total of 18-types are expressed in numerical values that represent the percentage of the stature and geometrical figures represented on the grids one unit is 1% of the stature. The torso is divided by 6 modules that are side neck to shoulder, shoulder to axillary, axillary to waist, waist to navel, navel to hip, and hip to crotch. Head and leg can be estimated as numerical information of stature and torso. Morphological characteristics of anterior somatotype are analyzed by 4 factors based on results and 18-types named by simple signs. We develop a new classification of anterior somatotype that integrate vertical and horizontal characters of body proportions. The use of integrated classification in the clothing industry is expected to increase the clothing fit.

Development of Supplemental Equipment to Reduce Movement During Fusion Image Acquisition (융합영상(Fusion image)에서 움직임을 줄이기 위한 보정기구의 개발)

  • Cho, Yong Gwi;Pyo, Sung Jae;Kim, Bong Su;Shin, Chae Ho;Cho, Jin Woo;Kim, Chang Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.84-89
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: Patients' movement during long image acquisition time for the fusion image of PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography) results in unconformity, and greatly affects the quality of the image and diagnosis. The arm support fixtures provided by medical device companies are not manufactured considering the convenience and safety of the patients; the arm and head movements (horizontal and vertical) during PET/CT scan cause defects in the brain fundus images and often require retaking. Therefore, this study aims to develop patient-compensation device that would minimize the head and arm movements during PET/CT scan, providing comfort and safety, and to reduce retaking. Materials and Methods: From June to July 2012, 20 patients who had no movement-related problems and another 20 patients who had difficulties in raising arms due to shoulder pain were recruited among the ones who visited nuclear medicine department for PET Torso scan. By using Patient Holding System (PHS), different range of motion (ROM) in the arm ($25^{\circ}$, $27^{\circ}$, $29^{\circ}$, $31^{\circ}$, $33^{\circ}$, $35^{\circ}$) was applied to find the most comfortable angle and posture. The manufacturing company was investigated for the permeability of the support material, and the comfort level of applying bands (velcro type) to fix the patient's head and arms was evaluated. To find out the retake frequency due to movements, the amount of retake cases pre/post patient-compensation were analyzed using the PET Torso scan data collected between January to December 2012. Results: Among the patients without movement disorder, 18 answered that PHS and $29^{\circ}$ arm ROM were the most comfortable, and 2 answered $27^{\circ}$ and $31^{\circ}$, respectively. Among the patients with shoulder pain, 15 picked $31^{\circ}$ as the most comfortable angle, 2 picked $33^{\circ}$, and 3 picked $35^{\circ}$. For this study, the handle was manufactured to be adjustable for vertical movements. The material permeability of the patient-compensation device has been verified, and PHS and the compensation device were band-fixed (velcro type) to prevent device movements. A furrow was cut for head fixation to minimize the head and neck movements, fixing bands were attached for the head, wrist, forearm, and upper arm to limit movements. The retake frequency of PET Torso scan due to patient movements was 11.06% (191 cases/1,808 patients) before using the movement control device, and 2.65% (48 cases/1,732 patients) after using the device; 8.41% of the frequency was reduced. Conclusion: Recent change and innovation in the medical environment are making expensive medical image scans, and providing differentiated services for the customers is essential. To secure patient comfort and safety during PET/CT scans, ergonomic patient-compensation devices need to be provided. Therefore, this study manufactured a patientcompensation device with vertically adjustable ergonomic ROM according to the patient's body shape and condition during PET Torso scan. The defects in the basal ganglia images due to arm movements were reduced, and retaking was decreased.

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On the in situ Measurement Method of Headphones using Head And Torso Simulator (HATS를 이용한 헤드폰의 in situ 측정방법에 관하여)

  • Kang, Kyeong-Ok;Kang, Seong-Hoon
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 1992
  • The standard measuring method of the frequency characteristics of headphones has been needed because different results come from the different measuring methods because of the lack of the reasonable measuring method of headphone characteristics, for example, in the case of psycho-acoustic experiments with headphones. In this paper, based on this fact, we studied the measurement method of headphones based on the natural hearing condition of human being, that is in situ measuring method, by measuring the headphone frequency characteristics using an artificial ear and a newly proposed device, HATS(Head And Torso Simulator). From the result of this paper, we could see that the method appropriate to a so called in situ condition was the one wi9th HATS, Because HATS simulated more correctly the acoustic impedance of the ear and the diffraction effect of the human head than the artificial ear.

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A Classification Model for Predicting the Injured Body Part in Construction Accidents in Korea

  • Lim, Jiseon;Cho, Sungjin;Kang, Sanghyeok
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.230-237
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    • 2022
  • It is difficult to predict industrial accidents in the construction industry because many accident factors, such as human-related factors and environment-related factors, affect the accidents. Many studies have analyzed the severity of injuries and types of accidents; however, there were few studies on the prediction of injured body parts. This study aims to develop a classification model to predict the part of the injured body based on accident-related factors. Construction accident cases from June 2018 to July 2021 provided by the Korea Construction Safety Management Integrated Information were collected through web crawling and then preprocessed. A naïve Bayes classifier, one of the supervised learning algorithms, was employed to construct a classification model of the injured body part, which has four categories: 1) torso, 2) upper extremity, 3) head, and 4) lower extremity. The predictor variables are accident type, type of work, facility type, injury source, and activity type. As a result, the average accuracy for each injured body part was 50.4%. The accuracy of the upper extremity and lower extremity was relatively higher than the cases of the torso and head. Unlike the other classifications, such as spam mail filtering, a naïve Bayes classifier does not provide a good classification performance in construction accidents. The reasons are discussed in the study. Based on the results of this study, more detailed guidelines for construction safety management can be provided, which help establish safety measures at the construction site.

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Development of Safe Hood for Pedestrian Protection (보행자 보호를 위한 안전 후드 개발)

  • Kim, T.J.;Hong, S.H.;Lee, D.H.;Han, D.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.345-346
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    • 2008
  • Most pedestrian-vehicle crashes involve frontal impacts, and the vehicle front structures are responsible for most pedestrian injuries. The vehicle bumper contacts the lower legs at first. The leading edge of the hood (bonnet) strikes the proximal upper leg and finally, the head and upper torso hit the top surface of the hood or windscreen. In essence, the pedestrian wraps around the front of the vehicle until pedestrian and vehicle are traveling at the same speed. Since the hood surface is made from sheet metal, it is a relatively compliant structure and does not pose a major risk for severe head trauma. However, serious head injury can occur when the head hits a region of the hood with stiff underlying structures such as engine components. The solution is to provide sufficient clearance between the hood and underlying structures for controlled deceleration of a pedestrian's head. However, considerations of aerodynamic design and styling can make it extremely difficult to alter a vehicle's front end geometry to provide more under-hood space. In this study, the safe hood will be developed by designing new conceptual inner panel in order to decrease the pedestrian's head injuries without changing hood outer geometry.

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Measurement and analysis of the near-field HRTFs for virtual audio enhancement (가상음장 재현을 위한 근거리 머리전달함수 측정 및 해석)

  • Shin Ki H.;Park Youngjin
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • autumn
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    • pp.335-338
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    • 2004
  • 효과적인 가상음장 재현을 위한 머리전달함수(Head Related Transfer Function: HRTF) 측정 시도는 1994년에 이루어진 MIT의 Bill Gardner에 의한 KEMAR 머리전달 함수 측정 이후 이미 여러 차례에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 그러나 대부분의 시도는 음원이 머리중심점에서 1 m 이 후에 위치한 원거리에 국한되었고 음원이 1 m나 그 이내에 위치한 근거리에서의 측정은 스피커에서 반사된 음파가 dummy head 나 피험자의 귀에 다시 들어가는 것을 막기 어려워 시도된바가 적으며 data 도 공개되지 않은 것이 현 실정이다. 음원이 머리중심점에서 1 m 보다 가까운 거리에 있는 경우 머리전달함수의 특성은 고도와 방위뿐만 아니라 거리에도 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이를 알아보기 위해 무향실에 B&K HATS (Head and Torso Simulator)를 설치하고 단극음원에 가까우며 반사가 적은 스피커를 따로 제작하여 근거리 머리 전달함수를 측정하였고 이를 분석하였다.

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