• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1997

Antisera against the myotropic neuropeptide leucokinin I, originally isolated from head extracts of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae, have been used to investigate the distribution of the leucokinin I-immunoreactive (LK I-IR) neurons in the brain of the common cutworm, Spodoptera Iitura, during postembryonic development. The LK I-IR neurons are found at the larval stages (excluding first instar larval stage), pupal stages, and adult stage, of which the brains have been examined in this experiment. The number of the LK I-IR neurons in the brain increases from the second instar larva to the fifth instar larva which has about 32, the largest number in all postembryonic stages. Thereafter, the LK I-IR neurons begin to decrease in number. During the pupal stages, smaller number of LK I-IR neurons persist in the brains; 6 or 4. At adult stage the brain contains 8 LK I-IR neurons. The LK I-IR cell bodies are distributed in each dorsal cortex of both cerebral hemispheres in the second instar larva and through all the neuromeres of the brain during later larval stages, despite of being a large number of the LK I-IR cell bodies in dorsolateral neuromeres. At pupal stages, most of the LK I-IR cell bodies are found in the pars intercerebralis. Extremely small number of the LK I-IR cell bodies are localized in the pars lateral is. Adult brain contains the LK I-IR cell bodies in the pars intercerebralis and the middle cortex of the posterior brain. The LK I-IR nerve processes can be easily found in the neuropils of almost all the neuromeres in the brains of third, fourth, fifth and sixth instar larvae. Most of the LK I-IR nerve fibers in those brains are originated from the LK I-IR cell bodies located in the brains. The LK I-IR cell bodies which have very weak reactivities to the antisera do not show projection of the LK I-IR nerve processes in the brains.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1996

The Number of the disputes originated from vegetable seeds in 1968-1970 under 'Seed and Seedling Law for Agricultural Product)' was 177.: Poor germination was the major one (26% of total disputes), followed by inferior seeds(24.3%), imported seeds(23.7%), and off-type plant(15.6%).During 1976-1995, under 'Administrative Law for Seed and Seedling' the number of disputes originated from vegetable seeds was 175.: 53 in radish, 19 in Chinese cabbage, and 17 in pepper. The type of dispute originated from radish seeds was premature bolting(26%), differences in sowing data(21%), poor purity(19%), micronutrient deficiency(9%), root cracking and branching(9%), poor germination(4%), and damage by disease(2%). In Chinese cabbage, micronutrient deficiency was the major one(27%), followed by poor germination(21%), incomplete head formation(16%), damage by disease(16%), poor purity(10%), and bolting(10%). In pepper, poor fruit setting was the major one(6%), followed by malformed fruits(5%), damage by disease(3%), purity(2%), and poor germination(1%).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.250-264
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• 2000

A retrospective study has been carried out for 47 cases of traffic accident victims which was entered to the Dongguk Bundang O. M. Hosp. from Jan 1, 1999 to May 4, 2000. This study was focused on finding out the distribution, pattern of the traffic accidents, clinical characteristics of the patients, motives of their choosing oriental medical treatments, the kinds of oriental medical treatment. This results were as follows : 1. The highest incidence was shown in the age of twenties to thirties as much as 59.6% and the ratio of male to female was 17:30. 2. 80.9% of all patients was injured by car accidents. 68.2% of all patients was injured as drivers and passengers and 19.2% was injured as pedestrians. The highest type in the collision between cars, was rear impact. 3. The number of patient(61.7%) via other hosp. was more than that of the first visitor(38.3%) to our hosp. 4. In admission motives, The patients who had been treated by western medical treatment, expressed the dissatisfaction of that treatment, so hoped to be treated by oriental medical styles. Also The others wanted to be treated by oriental medical methods in the reason of no deep surgical, orthopaedical lesions 5. C-spine sprain(80.9%) was the most frequent out of all patients's diagnosis and then L-spine sprain(51.1%), contusion(46.8%), etc. 6. Head Cervix(80.9%) was the commonest pain region of all patients. and then shoulder back(70.2%), lumbar region(61.7%), etc. 7. In general, the pedestrian injuries were more serious than those sustained in the car as passengers. 8. After discharge, Duration of OPD treatment was long as much as that of admission treatment. 9. At first stage of admission period, Herb medication was frequently prescribed for hwalhyultonglakgige(活血通絡之劑). but As going to end stage, was frequently used for bogi(補氣) bohyul(補血), gudam(祛痰), ansin(安神).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1C
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This paper simulates the piping effect, found levees with large difference in coefficient of permeability within the foundation such as the Gim-po Levee, via centrifuge model test which is a model test. We have also conducted a numerical analysis under the same conditions as the centrifuge model test to compare its results. First, we decided to use the centrifuge model based on the Gim-po Levee, and the tests were executed on a model levee with pore water pressure transducers. We have found that most of the water flows through the permeable layer and causes the piping effect. Via video camera footage, we have found that the piping effect occurred at the toe of the model levee. The characteristic of pressure head distribution, obtained from the pore water pressure transducers, also proves the occurrence of the piping effect. The numerical analysis results also showed the same results as the centrifuge model test. We have simulated the piping effect via centrifuge model test and believe that the centrifuge model test is viable for various tests, predictions and evaluation of the levee problems.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2002

This research was conducted to understand and analyze the physical awareness symptoms of college students and get fundamental research data essential to provide efficient student guidance and public health service at schools. The survey was carried out for 1 month from May 7th, 2001 to June 7th, 2001. The interviewees were 950 enrolled students at junior colleges in Daegu. 26.5% of them were men and 73.5% women. Among the surveyed, public health majors were 76.9%. Daytime students were 64.1 %, and the majority of the students, 42.8%, were atheistic. 56.0% of the students grew up in big cities, 22.2% in medium and small-sized cities, and 21.8% in farming and fishing communities. 66.1 % used public transportation. The majority of the students, 48.7%, answered that the satisfaction level for their majors was average. The result shows that the ocular fatigue was indicated as a greatest complaint, and the female students showed the higher complaint rate than the males. In the study of the complaining rate of physical symptoms by major, the public health majors showed the highest complaining rate in gasping when going up/down stairs, shoulder pain, a burning feeling on empty stomach, and leg/knee pain. On the other hand, the highest complaint factors for the technical majors were ocular fatigue and the feelings of heavy head. In the study of the complaining rate of physical symptoms by transportation, gasping during going up/down stairs and shoulder pain were most common, which were 52.2% and 36.0% respectively. In the study of the insecurity response distribution by transportation, college students who drive a car showed 3.8% and students using public transportation 3.7%. In the study of the insecurity response by subject satisfaction, students who answered dissatisfactory were 8.3%, average 3.9%, satisfied 3.0%. Therefore, it was concluded that students who were dissatisfied with their subjects showed the higher rate of insecurity response. it can be recommended that a school health education program regarding ocular fatigue and shoulder pain should be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.2090-2101
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• 2015

We propose a robust tracking method that combines the merits of ACM(active contour model) and the color-based PF(particle filter), effectively. In the proposed method, PF and ACM track the color distribution and the contour of the target, respectively, and Decision part merges the estimate results from the two trackers to determine the position and scale of the target and to update the target model. By controlling the internal energy of ACM based on the estimate of the position and scale from PF tracker, we can prevent the snake pointers from falsely converging to the background clutters. We appled the proposed method to track the head of person in video and have conducted computer experiments to analyze the errors of the estimated position and scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1979

The utilization of x-ray for diagnosis and examination is increasing by about 5-15% every year, therefore, it would be mandatory to protect the patients from exposures and so, studies in this field are performed even now. In dental field, the area of irradiation is limited any to the head and neck area, but the irradiated angle is varied following the objected tooth, so the adjacent structures lens and thyroid gland would be fragile to radiation. And the scattered radiation is one of the complicated problems in the protection because of specificity of dental x-ray and its object structures. The author, by using TLD (Thermo luminescent Dosimeter; Teledyne Isotopes-Model 7300, Element; TLD 200(CaF₂:Dy) and Capintec(Capintec Model 192, PM-30 Diagnostic chamber 28㎖ active volume), tried a measurement of air dose distribution of the scattered radiation and the irradiated dose of lens and thyroid gland under the condition of taking the film on the left maxillary molar. The results were as follows: 1. The half value layer of adapted dental x-ray machine was measured, and is 1.44㎜ Al. 2. The time of irradiation on the left maxillary molar in the Alderson Rando Phantom, the measured doses of left and right lens, and thyroid gland were 8,9mR, 1,2mR and 2,8mR. Under the same conditions, the scattered radiation at the distance of 1 meter from the phantom were 84 μR at the front side, 11μR at the back side, 18μR at the right side and 72μR at the left side. 3. Under the same conditions, the dose showed higher value by about 5% in the presence of object(phantom) than in the case of absence.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

Torticollis is a deformity of the neck that shows tilting of the head toward the affected side and rotation of the chin toward the opposite side. In many cases with this condition, unilateral tightness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is found frequently with fibrous tumor. The analysis of 43 cases of congenital muscular torticollis and result of their physical therapy are reported. The research was from Jan. 1, 1990 to Dec. 31, 1995 at Ulsan Dong Kang Hospital. The results obtained were as follows. 1. There were 30 males(69.8%) and 13 females(30.2%). Age distribution of patients showed below 2 month 20 cases(46.5%), above 1 year 7 cases(16.3%), 5~6/11~12 months 4 cases(9.3%), and 7~8 month 2 cases(4.6%). 2. 25 cases(58.1%) were on the right and 18 cases(41.9%) on the left side. Torticollis was mild to moderately severe in mild 22 cases(51.1%), moderate 18 cases (41.9%) and severe 3 cases(7%). 3. There were normal spontaneous delivery in 36 cases(83.7%), Cesaean section in 4 cases(9.3%) and breech presentation in 3 cases(7%). Sequence of birth, the 1st born babys were 30 cases(69.8%) and the 2nd born babys were 13 cases(30.2%). 4. Above fair result of physiotherapy were 36 cases(83.7%). 5. Of the 43 cases with fellow up, above fair 32 cases(74,4%) and poor 11 cases(25.6%) showed. As conclusion, passive stretch exercise of sternocleidomastoid muscle with early torticollis diagnosis seems more successful in recovery than no exercise.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.419-429
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• 2013

The Wireless sensor network(WSN) consisting of a large number of sensors aims to gather data in a variety of environments. The sensor nodes operate on battery of limited power. so, To extend network life time is major goals of research in the WSN. In this paper, we state the key point of a energy consumption with minimum&load balancing. The proposed protocol guarantee balance of number of cluster member nodes using the node memory threshold and optimization of distribution of cluster head using the optimized clustering method. The results show that the proposed protocol could support the load balancing and high energy efficiency by distributing the clusters with a reasonable number of member nodes. The simulation results show that our schme ensure longer life time in WSN as compare with existing schemes such as LEACH and CBLM.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2002

This paper addresses a method to automatically detect out a person's face from a given image that consists of a hair and face view of the person and a complex background scene. Out method involves an effective detection algorithm that exploits the spatial distribution characteristics of human skin color via an adaptive fuzzy color classifier (AFCC), The universal skin-color map is derived on the chrominance component of human skin color in Cb, Cr and their corresponding luminance. The desired fuzzy system is applied to decide the skin color regions and those that are not. We use RGB model for extracting the hair color regions because the hair regions often show low brightness and chromaticity estimation of low brightness color is not stable. After some preprocessing, we apply convex-hull to each region. Consequent face detection is made from the relationship between a face's convex-hull and a head's convex-hull. The algorithm using the convex-hull shows better performance than the algorithm using pattern method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is shown by experiment. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm successfully and efficiently detects the faces without constrained input conditions in color images.