• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1167-1173
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• 1995

We evaluated fifty three cases of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries that we have experienced from Jan.1973 to Oct.1994. The age distribution of the pateint was ranged from 1 to 74 years. Sex ratio is 39:14 with male dominence. The traumatic diaphragmatic injuries were due to blunt trauma in 37[Left 22, Right 15 cases and penetrating trauma in 16[Left 9, Right 7 cases. In blunt trauma, Preoperative diagnosis of the diaphragmatic injuries was possible in 27 patients[72% , and in penetrating trauma, 14 patients[88% . Among 37 in blunt traumas, 22[58% cases, and among 16 in penetrating traumas, 13[88% cases were operated within 24 hours. The most common herniated abdominal organ in the thorax was stomach[14/53 . The traumatic diaphragmatic repair of 50 cases were performed by thoracic approach in 23 cases, thoracoabdominal approach in 8 cases and abdominal approach in 19 cases, and in 3 cases, not operated. Hospital mortality [including not operated patients[3 was 17%[9/53 and the causes of death were intracranial hematoma[1 , hypertensive encephalopathy[1 and asphyxia[1 , and among operated patients[6 , combined head injury[2 , multiorgan failure[2 , hypovolemic shock[1 , and pulmonary edema & renal failure[1 . All deaths had related to the severity of associated injuries.

• Water for future
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 1992

There are needs to examine the consequences of a regulation in effect to control the migration of leachates from disposal sites. The main objective of this study is to illustrate the methodology to evaluate basic disposal designs for compliance with a certain regulation, The "100/100 rule" is selected for demonstration purpose which dictates that the time for the leachates to travel a horizontal distance of 100feet (30.5m) away from the property where the landfill or pond is located must exceed 100 years. The two primary methods for disposal of ash from coal-fired utility plants, landfill and pond, are studied, Numerical groundwater flow analysis resulted in pressure head distribution and flux information in the cross-section of the domain while path line analysis provided travel path and time of leachate migration to compliance zone.ance zone.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2001

In this study optimal analysis of pipe network was performed using linear and non linear analysis method for complex real pipe network system of Mungyeong water purification field system which consists of 70 nodes and 86 elements. From the examination result of total flow which is distributed to each pipe, it is found that KYPIPE2 Model supplies less amount than NLAM. It is known that dynamic water level and pressure head of KYPIPE2 Model and NLAM are nearly in accordance with each other from each method of the pipe network analyses, and appeared that both methods of analysis shows high reliable result since the distribution of dynamic water level for every node is the short range of EL. 205.0m~EL. 210.0m besides the pressed dynamic water level. The analysis results of pressure in the methods of pipe network analysis for KYPIPE2 Model and NLAM are similar and it is satisfactory result that the pressure distributions of the tab water design criterion of 5.0kgf/cm$^2$ besides the small part of highland.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.51-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the distortion and the residual stress of GTA tubular welds between tube and head. In order to do it, the heat input model for GTA welding process was first developed by experiment and FE analyses. The welding distortion and the residual stress distribution of the tubular welds according to welding pass and various restraint degrees were evaluated by using FEA with the heat input model. From FEA results, it was found that the residual stress and the radial distortion at the weld toe of tube part decrease with a decrease in the number of welding pass. However, the maximum residual stresses in each direction of tubular welds are almost constant regardless of the external restraint degree. It was mainly due to the high internal restraint of the welds.

• Water for future
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 1991

This study represents the methodology for feasibility analysis of small hydro power plants. Cumulative density function of Weibull distribution and Thi-essen method were adopted to beside flow duration curve at candidate sites. The performance prediction model and construction cost estimation model for tunnel-type small hydro power plants were developed. Eight candidate sites existing on Han river selected and surveyed for actual sites reconnaissance. The performance characteristics and economical feasibility for these sites were analyzed by using developed models. As a result, it was found that the optimum design flowrates with the lowest unit generation cost for tunnel-type small hydro power plants were the flowrate concerning with between 20 % and 30 % of time ratio on the flow duration curve. Additionally, primary design specifications such as design flowrate, effective head, capacity, annual average load factor, annual electricity production were estimated and discussed for surveyed sites.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2015

In the present study, we develop two history matching techniques based on Markov chain Monte Carlo method where radial basis function and Gaussian distribution generated by unconditional geostatistical simulation are employed as the random walk transition kernels. The Bayesian inverse methods for aquifer characterization as the developed models can be effectively applied to the condition even when the targeted information such as hydraulic conductivity is absent and there are transient hydraulic head records due to imposed stress at observation wells. The model which uses unconditional simulation as random walk transition kernel has advantage in that spatial statistics can be directly associated with the predictions. The model using radial basis function network shares the same advantages as the model with unconditional simulation, yet the radial basis function network based the model does not require external geostatistical techniques. Also, by employing radial basis function as transition kernel, multi-scale nested structures can be rigorously addressed. In the validations of the developed models, the overall predictabilities of both models are sound by showing high correlation coefficient between the reference and the predicted. In terms of the model performance, the model with radial basis function network has higher error reduction rate and computational efficiency than with unconditional geostatistical simulation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.122-129
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• 2003

In this study, a group of 25 patients between the ages of $22{\sim}55$ received acupuncture treatments for tennis elbow. The variance has some high value. 1. The distribution of an age group in 22 to 55 and the average age of men is $40.9{\pm}9.3$ and the average age of women is $39.5{\pm}3.6$. Total average age is $40.4{\pm}8.4$. 2. Before the acupuncture treatments the average pain degree for the group is $4.72{\pm}0.6$ and after treatments, it is $2.36{\pm}1.6$. Statistically, the variance has some high value. 3. There were statistically significant difference in the pain degree before and after the acupuncture treatment according to the age. By these results, acupuncture treatments will be useful to the first-line treatment for tennis elbow.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The development of mass media along with technology development is accelerating the development of diverse contents. Among others, the role of music contents is now extended to be applicable to the overall cultural contents thus, the market is growing at a rapid speed. As the music market transforms from the record market to the digital music source market, the creation, distribution, and marketing techniques of digital sound contents become different. Likewise, the music industry has been dynamically changed and came to even demand a paradigm shift in the music industry. This study is meaningful in that it aimed to contemplate additional on-going issues for developing the music industry, such as national policy and support, amendment of related laws, and public awareness, and to suggest an aim to head for.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2013

The numerical analysis for the verification of preburner's cooling characteristics applying to kerosene-LOx rocket engine has been fulfilled. The distribution of combustion gas properties in primary combustion zone was calculated by the mixture ratio based on head injector arrangement, the properties of oxygen flowing in wall channels as coolant were applied under real-gas conditions, and multi-phase mixing model was employed to calculate the mixing process of primary combustion zone with liquid oxygen which was used for wall cooling. The results of numerical analysis were compared with the experimental results, hence thermo-physical properties in cooling channels and a combustor could be quantitatively identified.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2005

An experimental investigation was made to study two-phase flow distribution in a T-type distributor of slit fin-and-tube heat exchanger using R-22. Experiments were carried out under the conditions of saturation temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and mass flow rate varying from 0.6 to 1.2kg/min. The inlet air has dry bulb temperature of $27^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 50% and air velocity varying from 0.63 to 1.71m/s. A comparison was made between the predictions from the previously proposed tube-by-tube method and the present experimental data for the heat transfer rate of evaporator. Results show that $82.5\%$ increase of air velocity is needed for T-type distributor with four outlet branches than that of two outlet branches under the superheat of $5^{\circ}C$, which resulted in increasing of air-side pressure drop of $130\%$ for the former as compared to the latter.