• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2003

Finite element analysis of cylinder heat/block compound under assembly, thermal and firing condition were performed. FE model including two cylinders with gasket, head bolts, liners and valve seats was used. FE modeling method and boundary conditions were introduced. Stress distribution and deformation of cylinder head and block under each loading condition were presented. Gasket pressure distribution and bore distortion level were predicted. Measured data of bore distortion was compared with the analysis results. The analysis result showed similar trends with the experimental data. High cycle fatigue analysis on the basis of this result has been performed in order to find the critical areas of the engine assembly.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this prospective randomized single-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of tilting the head on the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Methods: Ninety-two patients were divided into two groups: the first group received IANB and the head was tilted in the direction of the block for 15 min, whereas the second group received IANB and the head was tilted to the opposite side. Access cavity preparation was initiated after 15 min. Success was defined as no pain or faint/weak/mild pain during endodontic access preparation and instrumentation. The anesthetic success rates were analyzed by Pearson chi-square test at 5% significance levels. Results: The same side position and opposite side position yielded 41% and 30% anesthetic success rates, respectively; there was no significant difference between the two sides. Conclusions: Relative head position has no effect on the anesthetic success rate of IANB.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.147-158
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• 1997

This paper presents the analysis technique and procedure of main engine components-cylinder block, cylinder liners, gasket and cylinder head-using the finite element method, which aims to assess mainly the potential of lower oil consumption in a view point of engine design and to decide subsequently the accuracy of engine design which was done. The F.E. model of an engine section consisting of one whole cylinder and two adjacent half cylinders is used, whereby the crankcase is cut off at the block bottom deck. By means of a 3-dimensional F.E. model-including cylinder block, liners, gasket, cylinder head, bolts and valve seat rings as separate parts a linear analysis of deformations and stresses was performed for three different loading conditions;assembly, thermal and gas loads. For the analysis of thermal boundary conditions also the temperature field had to be evaluated in a subsequent step.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2006

An optical microphone was developed using a dual-core multi-mode fiber block and a membrane type micromirror. The fiber block serves as a compact optical head, and the micromirror as a reflective diaphragm. The micromirror is designed to be suspended through a silicon bar connected t a frame, allowing for displacement induced by acoustic waves. The optical head is implemented by integrating two multi-mode fibers in a single block, and used to transfer light signals between it and the diaphragm. For the assembled microphone, its static characteristics were observed to reveal the operating point defined as the optimum distance between the optical head and the diaphragm. And its dynamic response was tested to exhibit a frequency bandwidth of 3 kHz with the variation of $\sim5dB$.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2019

도폭선과 수평분리판을 이용한 현장타설 말뚝 두부를 제거하는 방법을 제안하였다. 무근 콘크리트 블록을 제작하였고, 콘크리트 블록 발파실험을 통하여 말뚝 두부 절단에 필요한 도폭선 약량과 최소저항선을 확인하였다. AUTODYN 2D를 이용하여 두부 절단 후 콘크리트 블록의 손상 정도를 확인하였다. 실험결과 10g/m 도폭선과 수평분리판을 이용한 콘크리트 블록 절단을 확인하였고, 수평분리판을 사용하여 블록의 방향성 절단과 도폭선에 의한 블록 손상이 저감됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.416-424
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• 2016

A robust design of head gasket is pursued by using FEA model of engine assembly. Engine assembly model consists of cylinder head, block, gasket, and head bolt is constructed to understand a complex behavior of this engine compound. Thermal loading is performed on the assembled engine cylinder and block to obtain temperature field. Firing load is added to the results of heat transfer analysis to simulate the engine operation condition. Temperature filed results from heat transfer analysis are mapped into the structural mesh. Contact pressure distribution along the bead has been monitored for the engine operation condition. Based on the results obtained from the analysis, Taguchi method has been adopted for a robust design process of head gasket. Among the control factors, bolt size affects most robustness of head gasket sealing.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

PURPOSES : In this study, we analyzed the road crossing behavior of older pedestrians on a mid-block signalized crosswalk, and compared it to that of younger pedestrians. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads and their behavioral characteristics. Finally, we confirmed the reasons for an increase in accidents involving older pedestrians. METHODS : First, 30 areas with the highest incidence of accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads were selected as target areas for analysis. Next, we measured the start-up delay (the time elapsed from the moment the signal turns green to the moment the pedestrian starts walking) and head movement (the number of head turns during crossing a road) of 900 (450 older and 450 younger) pedestrians. The next step was to conduct a survey and confirm the differences in judgment between older and younger pedestrians about approaching vehicles. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the survey results and traffic accidents. RESULTS : The average start-up delay and head movement of the older pedestrians was 1.58 seconds and 3.15 times, respectively. A definite correlation was obtained between head movement and the frequency of pedestrian traffic accidents. The results of our survey indicate that 17.3% of the older pedestrians and 7.8% of the younger pedestrians have a high crash risk. CONCLUSIONS : Behavioral characteristics of older pedestrians were closely correlated with accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads in mid-block signalized crosswalks. Our study indicates that in order to reduce the number of accidents involving older pedestrians, it is necessary to develop an improvement plan including measures such as installation of safety facilities taking the behavioral characteristics of older pedestrians into consideration and their safety education.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.343-345
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• 1998

Stellate ganglion block and cervical epidural nerve block are frequently practiced in pain clinics because of simple procedure and good effect. Nerve block at head and neck may produce serious complication such as loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest. Blood supply is rich in neck and inadvertent arterial injection of local anesthetics may enter directly into brain. We experienced convulsion and respiratory arrest during SGB and cervical epidural block. The patients were resuscitated successfully and recovered without any adverse effects.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

지금까지 균열대수층에 관한 많은 모델들이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 block의 상부에 일정수두 경계가 규정되어 있으며 이중공극 대수층내에서 block으로부터 균열로 향하여 흐르는 부정류의 새로운 프락탈 모델이 개발되었다. 이 모델은 양수정의 우물저장 효과와 우물손실 효과를 고려하고 있으며, 아울러 block과 균열간의 fracture skin도 고려하는 것이다. 본 모델은 fracture skin이 존재하지 않는 경우에는 Hantush(1960)의 수정식 또는 Boulton과 Streltsova(1978)의 식을 2차원의 해로서 포함하는 일반화된 모델이 된다. 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3의 유동 차원과 띠러 가지 누수계수 및 fracture skin에 대해서 그리고 양수정과 관측정에 대해서 무차원의 시간에 대한 무차원의 수위하강 표준곡선이 작성되었다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제18권5_1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2018

MANET은 어떠한 인프라스트럭처의 도움 없이 이동 노드들로 구성되어 hop-by-hop 방식으로 데이터가 전달되는 구조가 블록체인과 매우 유사하다. 하지만 MANET은 이러한 특징 때문에 악의적인 노드에 의한 데이터 변조 또는 폐기 등 다양한 위협에 노출되어 있다. 이러한 이유로 전송 데이터에 대한 무결성 보장은 MANET의 중요한 보요 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크를 구성하는 노드들에 대한 신뢰도 값을 악의적인 노드들로부터 보호하기 위하여 블록체인기술을 적용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 클러스터 형태의 계층 구조를 이용하였으며, 클러스터 헤드만이 노드들의 신뢰도 정보를 블록에 저장하고 이를 전파할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 잘못된 블록의 전파를 차단하기 위하여 클러스터 헤드 선출에 참여하는 노드들의 수와 클러스터 헤드의 신뢰도를 이용한 블록생성 난이도 자동 설정 기법을 적용하였다. 이렇게 되면 악의적인 노드에 의한 블록 생성 및 전파를 차단할 수 있게 된다. 제안한 기법의 우수한 성능은 SAODV 기법과 비교 실험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다.