• 제목/요약/키워드: Hazardous Substances

검색결과 515건 처리시간 0.034초

국내 유통 중인 채소류의 납, 카드뮴 함량 모니터링 (Monitoring of Lead and Cadmium Contents of Vegetables in Korea)

  • 심지연;오현숙;장미란;이윤애;이륜경;김민아;이효정;이상민;조태용
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.395-401
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 채소류 등(양파, 오이, 마늘, 풋고추, 참깨) 5품목에 대한 납, 카드뮴 기준 규격 설정을 위해 다소비 유통 채소류 중에서 양파, 오이, 마늘, 풋고추, 참깨 총 378건을 전국 9개 권역(경기, 강원, 경남, 경북, 전남, 전북, 제주, 충남, 충북)에서 수거하고 각 시료를 microwave 분해법으로 전처리하여 납 및 카드뮴 함량을 ICP-MS로 분석하였다. 모니터링 결과, 채소류 등의 납의 평균함량은 양파 0.010 mg/kg, 오이 0.018 mg/kg, 마늘 0.012 mg/kg, 풋고추 0.027mg/kg, 참깨 0.029 mg/kg이었으며, 카드뮴의 평균함량은 양파 0.006 mg/kg, 오이 0.002 mg/kg, 마늘 0.008 mg/kg, 풋고추 0.011 mg/kg, 참깨 0.024mg/kg이었다. 본 결과는, 채소류 Codex(국제식품규격위원회) 기준인 납 0.1 mg/kg, 카드뮴 0.05 mg/kg과 비교해 볼 때, 모든 검체에서 기준보다 낮은 수준이었고, 참깨는 국내외적으로 카드뮴의 기준이 설정되어 있지 않으나, 채소류의 Codex(국제식품규격위원회) 카드뮴 기준보다 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 위해성 평가 결과, 2005년 국민건강조사 DB에서 조사대상 인구집단 전체를 대상으로 한 연구대상식품의 섭취량을 고려하여 산출된 채소류(양파, 오이, 마늘, 풋고추, 참깨)의 납의 인체노출수준은 $1.3{\times}10^{-4}\;{\mu}g/kg$ bw/day(평균섭취)~$5.1{\times}10^{-4}\;{\mu}g/kg$ bw/day(극단섭취)이었고, 카드뮴의 인체노출수준은 $7.5{\times}10^{-5}\;{\mu}g/kg$ bw/day(평균섭취)~$3.6{\times}10^{-4}\;{\mu}g/kg$ bw/day(극단섭취)이었다. 연구 대상 식품들의 위해지수를 산출한 결과. 모두 1.0 이하의 매우 낮은 수준으로 유해영향 발생이 우려 되지 않는 수준으로 나타났다.

음체수 수질기준에 대한 위생학적 의의 (Sanitory Significance on Drinking Water Quality Standard)

  • 김종택
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.58-62
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    • 1994
  • Until 1960 water pollution was caused by virus but now in according to industrial develop cent it has been continued environmental pollution by surfactant heavy metal, and hazardous chemical substance erst.. It is possible to Prevent contamination by virus owing to development of antibiotic but not to dissolve basely health effect by hazardous chemical substances because it takes very long time, about 5-40 years, average 20 years, in appearing a disease after exposure by then To maintain human life for 75 years, it need 55 ton of water. In the experiment of Public Health Institute, Tokyo, they reported that over 200 chemical substances can be detected in case of human being to drink tap water of Tokyo(1989) continuously. In our country, elevation of life style and development of industry result in increase of water use and overappreciation of pesticides in farm land a(sects drinking water quality. We estimated analytical item of drinking water hygienically by dividing into 5 groups such as physical effect item health hazardous inorganic item and health hazardous organic item ect. based on hygienic purpose.

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남한강지류 복포천유역의 농약잔류량 조사 (Monitoring of pesticide residues in water and soil at the Bokpocheon watershed in Yangpyong)

  • 박경훈;김찬섭;박병준;이병무;최주현;정미혜;김병석;박현주
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.230-237
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    • 2007
  • 남한강 지류인 복포천 하천수와 토양을 대상으로 3년간 잔류농약을 분석한 결과 하천수에서 벼농사용 농약인 butachlor, carbofuran, diazinot fenitrothion, fenobucarb, ipobenfos, isorothiolane, molinate, tricyclazole 등 9종이 $0.1{\sim}22.7\;ppb$ 수준으로 검출되었는데, 이는 전국 하천수를 대상으로 한 농업과학기술원의 농약잔류량 조사결과(1998년)와 비슷한 수준으로 나타났고, 농약사용기인 5, 6, 7, 8월에만 농약이 검출되었으며, 검출수준은 우리나라 먹는 물의 수질기준보다는 낮은 수준이었고, 이지역의 관정수에서는 농약이 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 논 토양에서는 butachlor, diazinon, dimeperate, dimethometryn, fenitrothion, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, molinate, parathion, piperophos, thiobencarb 등 11종의 농약이 $0.002{\sim}0.55\;ppm$의 낮은 수준으로 검출되었다.

랫드와 HeLaTRE Cell에서의 Alachlor에 의한 갑상선 호르몬성 영향 연구 (Thyroid Hormone-like Activity of Alachlor as R Endocrine Disruptor in Rats and HeLaTRE Cell Culture)

  • 유아선;정미혜;박경훈;김병석;김진배;권오경
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.207-214
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    • 2008
  • 내분비장애 추정물질의 분류를 위해 많은 시험법이 연구되고 있는데 추후 내분비장애 추정물질로 분류된 기등록 농약에 대한 자료요구 또는 신규 등록농약에 대한 등록기준의 추가 등을 고려하여 OECD와 EPA에서 권장하는 시험법을 확립하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험약제를 30일간 경구 투여하여 조사한 결과, alachlor 투여 수컷에서 25 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day에서 고환과 갑성선의 중량이 증가하였다. Alachlor 투여 암컷에서는 질의 중량이 25, 50 mg/kg/day에서 감소하였고 25 mg/kg/day에서 갑상선의 중량이 감소하였다. Alachlor 투여 암컷 25, 50 mg/kg/day에서 주요 갑상선 호르몬인 T4와 성호르몬 testosterone이 감소하였다. 따라서 pubertal assay 결과 alachlor는 갑상선 호르몬성 영향이 의심되었다. 시험세포를 이용한 시험 결과, 시험약제를 1 nM에서 1000 nM까지 처리하였을 때 음성대조군과 비교하여 alachlor는 100-134%의 갑상선 호르몬성 영향을 나타내었다. 따라서 세포를 이용한 시험에서는 alachlor에 의한 갑상선 호르몬성 영향이 나타나는 것으로 판단되었다. 항갑상선 호르몬성 영향 시험에서는 시험약제 100 nM과 T4의 혼합 처리시 alachlor는 항갑상선 호르몬성 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

유통 식육 중 성장호르몬제 초산메드록시프로게스테론의 분석 (Analysis of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Meats)

  • 이윤애;심지연;이륜경;김승환;오현숙;조태용
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.226-231
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문은 합성형 성장호르몬으로 천연 프로게스테론에 비해 20~30배 강하게 작용하는 초산메드록시프로게스테론에 대한 정량한계, 표준물질의 직선성, 회수율 등의 유효성 평가 및 내부표준물질 선정을 통한 분석방법 최적화를 식품공전의 시험법을 기초로 수행하고, 이를 바탕으로 국내 유통식육 내 초산메드록시프로게스테론의 잔류량을 조사하였다. 그 결과 초산메드록시프로게스테론의 검출한계는 1.5 ug/kg, 정량한계는 5.0 ug/kg 으로 나타났으며 표준물질의 좋은 직선성 ($r^2$= 0.9968)을 확인 하였다. 내부표준물질의 비교결과 식품에 오염될 우려가 없는 progesterone-D9으로 선정하였다. 이를 시험한 결과 7.69분의 머무름 시간을 가지며, 정량이온은 m/z 324-100, 정성이온은 m/z 324-113으로 설정하였다. 내부표준물질에 대한 정량의 회수율 실험결과 67.5~109.5%로 높아진 회수율을 나타낸 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 함께 전국의 서울특별시 및 6개 광역시에서 수거한 국내산 쇠고기 46건, 수입산 쇠고기 43건, 국내산 돼지고기 60건, 수입산 돼지고기 12건과 국내산 닭고기 35건의 초산메드록시프로게스테론의 잔류량을 실태 조사한 결과 검출된 경우는 한건도 없었다. 따라서, 초산메드록시프로게스테론에 대한 유통 식육은 안전한 것으로 조사되었다.

고시 수재 의약품의 용출규격 설정 - 구연산니카메테이트 정, 노르플록사신 캡슐 (Establishment of Dissolution Specifications for Generic Drugs in Korea Pharmaceutical Codex Monograph - Nicametate Citrate Tablet, Norfloxacin Capsule)

  • 김희연;최선희;방수진;한경진;최승희;백지윤;김동섭;김영옥;손경희;송영미;사홍기;최후균
    • 약학회지
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    • 제54권5호
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    • pp.362-369
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    • 2010
  • Despite the fact that the dissolution test can serve as an effective tool for drug quality control and prediction of in vivo drug performance, there are a number of drugs with no established dissolution specifications because they were developed quite a long time ago. Under this circumstances, KFDA started the new project that establishes dissolution method and specifications for drugs with no dissolution specifications listed in the Korea Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC). This project aims for promoting the appropriate management of oral solid dosage forms. Seoul regional KFDA selected 2 items, Nicametate citrate tablet and Norfloxacin capsule, for establishing dissolution specifications. We went through the following procedures to develop the dissolution method and specifications: (1) Validation of dissolution test equipment, (2) Purchase of test drugs, (3) Preliminary test with one of the test products (1 lot), (4) Validation of analysis methods (3 lots), (5) Final tests and cross tests among other laboratory to establish dissolution specifications, (6) Additional test with the other test drugs. The outcome of this study will be reflected in revision of the KPC. It is believed that the quality control and evaluation of oral solid dosage forms listed in KPC will be advanced with the revision which adds additional dissolution test and specifications for the drugs with no established dissolution specifications.

화학물질관리법상 화학사고 정의에 관한 소고 (A Brief Review of the Legal Definition of Chemical Accident under the Current Chemical Substances Control Act)

  • 박지훈;박선오;박효진;권혜옥
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.179-182
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    • 2023
  • The Chemical Substances Control Act has been legislated to counter the risks posed by chemical substances to public health and the environment, but a number of small- and large-scaled incidents related to hazardous chemicals continue to occur every year. The Korean Ministry of Environment takes legal responsibility for prevention, preparedness, and response to nationwide chemical accidents under the Chemical Substances Control Act. The determination of chemical accidents that occur during hazardous chemical handling processes is based on the Article 2 (Definitions) of the law and the administrative criteria for judgement of chemical accidents. However, there are certain ambiguities in the scientific basis for determining chemical accidents under the current regulations. Whether or not a chemical accident has a direct influence on penalties and administrative measures for a workplace where an accident occurred, it is necessary to find reasonable criteria for determining chemical accident based on legal and scientific evidence.

우려 화학물질에 대한 필수 용도 개념 적용 - PFAS, 6PPD, Benzene 중심으로 - (Application of the Essential Uses Concept to Substances of Concern - PFAS, 6PPD and Benzene -)

  • 정미란;전현표;김상헌
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.54-65
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    • 2024
  • Background: There is growing international recognition of the need for improvements to national chemical management systems for hazardous chemicals. The European Union has recently introduced the concept of 'essential uses' as a new approach to the management hazardous chemicals by limiting their uses. Objectives: This paper examines the concept of essential uses in chemical management and how to apply it through a case study of essential use. This approach is distinct from the current chemical management system, but seeks to improve its potential benefits by effectively restricting or gradually decreasing the use of hazardous substances. Methods: The concept of essential uses was introduced by reviewing the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Cousins's three essentiality categories applied to PFAS, restriction options assessed in the PFAS restriction proposal under REACH, and the California Safer Consumer Products regulations prioritizing 6PPD in motor vehicle tires. Based on these essential uses concepts for PFAS and 6PPD, uses of benzene were classified in accordance with the essential uses approach for products using benzene in South Korea. Results: The essential use concept is able to manage the restriction and authorization of substances of concern through essential uses and non-essential uses and the feasible substitution of uses and substances. Conclusions: If the concept and methodology of essential uses are clearly established, they can be expected to shift the national chemical management paradigm from regulating substances to limiting uses under the existing substance management system.

고시수재 의약품 중 아세브로필린 캡슐 및 브롬헥신염산염 정의 용출시험법 개발 (Development of Dissolution Test Method for Acebrophylline Capsules and Bromhexine Hydrochloride Tablets in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex)

  • 이태웅;정래석;정승아;김정현;심영훈;김인규;박창원
    • 약학회지
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.226-233
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    • 2013
  • Although the dissolution test can serve as an effective tool for quality control and predictor of in vivo performance, there are a number of drugs with no established dissolution specification in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC). So, with each reference and test drugs, the dissolution test method and an analytical procedure by HPLC were developed and validated to establish dissolution specification for acebrophylline capsules and bromhexine hydrochloride tablets. The dissolution condition was determined based on the "Guidelines on Specifications of Dissolution tests for Oral dosage forms" of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). The analytical method of HPLC was validated in specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. Final dissolution test was performed with commercially available samples of 3 lots to establish specification. In addition, no difference was observed by the inter-laboratory evaluation. Dissolution specifications and conditions will be used for revising the monograph of acebrophylline capsules and bromhexine hydrochloride tablets in next supplement of KPC.

고시수재 의약품 중 암브록솔염산염 및 클렌부테롤염산염 함유 제제의 함량 시험법 개선 (Development of Analytical Method for Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Clenbuterol Hydrochloride Formulation in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex)

  • 이태웅;정래석;박수진;최란;심영훈;최보경;곽효선
    • 약학회지
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    • 제58권3호
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    • pp.190-199
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    • 2014
  • The Korean Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC) analytical method of ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride formulation is complicated and needed to carry out multiple processes during the test. To improve the low efficiency of analytical procedure that makes pharmaceutical laboratory consume much time and high cost to conduct the test of this formulation, this study was performed for simplifying the pretreatment process and optimizing conditions of the HPLC assay. The analytical procedure using HPLC was developed to establish analytical specification for ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride formulations. The newly developed analytical method has good linearity ($R^2$ >0.999), specificity, precision (RSD<1.0%) and the recovery ranges of 98.50~101.84% for ambroxol, 98.29~101.35% for clenbuterol syrup and 98.66~101.71% for clenbuterol tablets. The LOQs were 0.204 ${\mu}g/ml$ for ambroxol, 0.021 ${\mu}g/ml$ for clenbuterol syrup and 0.073 ${\mu}g/ml$ for clenbuterol tablets. The new method was performed with commercially available samples to confirm analytical conditions and validated to be suitable for saving time and cost to control the quality of routine manufactured products. This analytical method will be used for revising the monograph of ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride formulation in next supplement of KPC.