• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2001

A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the nutritional status of Korean male lead workers and to assess the relationship between calcium nutritional status and blood lead levels. A flood consumption survey was conducted by the 24-hr recall method with 118 lead workers and 63 non-lead exposed controls. Blood lead levels were analyzed from whole blood and serum calcium concentrations were also assessed. Results of dietary analysis showed Korean lead workers consumed relatively sufficient nutrients (more than 75% of RDA) except, calcium. Mean dietary calcium intake of lead workers was 502.2mg(72% of RDA) while that of the non-lead workers was estimated as 600.8mg(86% of RDA). Intakes of protein, iron, niacin and vitamin C of lead workers were significantly lower than those of non-lead workers. There was a wide range of blood lead levels(5.5 to 73.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗) observed while mean blood lead level of lead workers was 30.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗. However, 98% of lead workers showed normal serum ca1cium concentrations (range ; 8.9 to 10.7mg/㎗, mean ; 9.77mg/㎗) while 66% of lead workers were estimated to intake a dietary calcium lower than 75% of RDA. Mean blood lead levels of non-1ead workers were significantly lower(mean ; 5.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, p ＜ 0.001) and the serum calcium concentration was significantly higher(mean ; 10.20mg/㎗, p ＜ 0.001) than lead workers. Results of unadjusted correlation showed that serum calcium level and dietary calcium intake were negatively correlated with blood lead concentration. In a multiple regression of blood lead levels with variables known as affecting blood lead 1eve1 such as age, body mass index and occupational lead exposure, serum calcium was insignificant while dietary calcium intake showed statistically significant(p ＜ 0.05) relation. Since calcium is a very important nutrient to reduce hazardous effects of lead, it should be strongly recommended that lead workers need to increase dietary calcium intake.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1075-1086
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• 2008

비위생 매립지의 단층형 복토시스템을 위한 산업부산물의 응용성과 적합성을 평가하기 위하여 건설폐기물, 석탄회, 폐석고(인산석고), 슬래그(고로, 제강)와 석분슬러지를 대상으로 연구하였다. 먼저 대상 산업부산물들의 다양한 물리화학적, 수리역학적 특성들이 조사되었다. 그리고 배치실험과 장기간 용출시험을 통하여 이들 산업부산물들의 환경안정성도 검토하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 대상 산업부산물들에 식물을 조성해 봄으로써 식생의 적응성도 평가해 보았다. 산업부산물들의 물리화학적 특성 분석결과, 연구대상인 산업부산물 대부분이 매립지 복토재로 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 모든 연구대상 산업부산물들에서 폐기물관리법에서 규정한 유해한 무기원소 종들의 농도가 규제치를 초과하지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 이와 더불어, 석분슬러지만 제외하고 그 외 모든 대상 물질들에서 토양환경보전법에서 규제하는 원소들의 농도가 기준치 이하로 검출되었다. 배치실험과 장기간 용출시험 결과로부터 석탄회와 건설폐기물이 고려한 산업부산물들 중에서 매립지 복토재로서 가장 적합한 것으로 선정되었다. 식물 육종실험 결과, 석탄회가 가장 빠른 발아와 가장 큰 생육지표를 보여서 매립지 복토재로 이용될 경우 식생 조성에서 가장 효과적일 것으로 평가되었다. 일반토사와 석탄회로 혼합된 최종복토시스템에서 최적의 축분퇴비 시비는 헥타르당 40$\sim$50톤인 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.491-499
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• 2001

GIS S/W의 지리정보 처리기법을 이용하여 얻을 수 있는 수리지형 특성인자는 사면안정성 분석이나 하천환경 분석 등과 같은 다양한 수문학적 응용 연구의 기본적인 정보로 사용된다. 또한 실무적으로 적용 가능한 GIS의 확장 프로그램들은 이러한 기본 정보 뿐 만 아니라, 이전에는 복잡한 정보처리과정을 통하여 얻을 수 있었던 특성 정보들을 체계화되고 자동화된 과정을 통하여 손쉽게 분석이 가능하도록 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS S/W 수리응용 연구에서 확장 프로그램의 실제적인 적용성을 살펴보기 위하여 ArcView GIS S/W와 이를 기반으로 한 수리정보 분석 프로그램 등을 이용하여 예미지역(1:50,000)의 유수 및 지형인자를 추출하였으며, 여러 가지 매개변수를 통하여 사면안정도에 대한 평가분석을 예시하였다. 본 연구 결과로 확장 프로그램들을 이용하여 얻은 정보들은 실제 정보와 높은 상관도를 보이는 것으로 나타나서, 현장에서의 직접적으로 활용이 가능한 것으로 나타났고, 본 연구 대상지역내의 전반적인 사면안정도는 사면안정지수와 S-A Plot의 적용 결과로 이론적으로는 비교적 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 적용 방법은 실제측정치와 함께 수리지형 특성과 관계된 기타 지역에 적용이 가능하다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.89-112
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• 2000

Although dental laboratory technicians are prone to be exposed to various work-related health hazardous materials such as dusts, chemicals, etc., the prevalence and nature of work-related health problems of them have not been a matter of great concern in the field of occupational health service in Korea. The purpose of the present investigation was to describe a collected profile of subjective health symptoms and their attributable factors in Korean dental laboratory technicians. A questionnaire listing five groups of health symptoms and five health symptom-related factors was mailed to randomly selected 1,900 dental laboratory technicians. Among them, 1,344 dental laboratory technicians filled out the questionnaires and returnde them. Five groups of health symptoms included musculoskeletal symptom, dermal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, eys symptoms, and ear symptoms. Five health symptom-related factors were occupational environment-related health risk factors, work history, health related habits and status, use of personal protective equipment and general characteristics. Detailed parameters of health risk factors were work posture, vibration, and chemical or physical hazards such as dust, fume, vapor, solvent, light, and noise for occupational environment-related factors; work place, area, number of employees, work hours, career, work part, and work load for work history; Broca's index, hours of sleep, eating, smoking, alcohol, exercise, health examination, and self assessed health status for health habits and status; face masks, goggles, and so on for use of personal protective equipment, and; age, sex, marital status, and education for general characteristics. Before the start of main survey, a pilot survey was carried out for validity and reliability tests of the questionnaire. All the data obtained were coded and analyzed with PC/SAS 6.12 program. The prevalence of health symptoms was the highest in musculoskelton (87.3%), and followde by eyes (78.9%), respiratory organs (64.3%), ears (57.8%), and skin (52.2%) in descending order. Statistically significant risk factors by multiple logistic regression analyses were sex, health examination, self assessed health status, and hand/finger posture in musculoskeletal symptoms; sex, self assessed health status, career, acid gas, and hand contact with resin mixture in deraml symptoms; Broka's smoking, exercise, self assessed health status, and face mask in respiratory symptoms; sex, hours of sleep, self assessed health status, work hours, work load, plaster dust, inadequate lighting, and goggle in eys symptoms, and eating, smoking, self assessed health status, and work load in ear symptoms. With the above considerations in mind, prevalence of subjective symptoms among Korean dental laboratory technicians was relatively high, and they were attributable to most of the occupational environment-related factors, work history, use of personal protective equipment, health habits and status, and general characteristics. Particularly, it is suggested that health promotion programs for promoting self- assessed health status and smoking cessation, preventive measures for protection of the female technicians’health, and reducing work load be necessary, since those factors were associated with more than one subjective symptom.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.157-171
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• 1999

This paper analyzed health practices of students in an university in Chollabukdo Province. It attempted to study how many university students had what kinds of health practices. Furthermore, it tried to find out what are the major problems in health practice among university students. To study health practices of university students, this study sampled 1,469 students randomly. Many of the students had poor practices of teeth care. In tooth-brushing, many students (35.8%) brushed their teeth before breakfast in the morning. Most of the students (95% or more) visit dental clinic only when they had problem(s) in their teeth. For weights, there exists a great gap between perception and BMI (Body Mass Index), especially among female students. Among the female students who perceived their weights were above average, 96.4% of them were normal according to BMI. Many of the students were drinking greater amount of alcohol than safe amount suggested by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The proportion of the students drinking harmful or hazardous amount of alcohol were 79.5% of the male students and 74.9% of the female students. It suggests that health promotion fund or tax need to be levied on alcohol to frustrate unhealthful drinking. More than half (59.0%) of the male students and about 6.0% of the female students were smoking cigarettes. The smoking initiation ages were 17.8 for male and 18.2 for female students. It means that many of the students started smoking in their junior high or high schools. It implies that smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs need to be emphasized in these schools. For perception on sex, 27.8% of the male students and 60.9% of the female students thought to keep their virginity before their marriage. The female students were more conservative in perception on sex. The average number of sexual intercourses per year of male students was 17.0 times with their lovers, 7.9 times with prostitutes, and 7.0 times with maids. The female students had sexual intercourses 5.0 times with their lovers and 4.0 times with waiters per year. The proportion of students who had experience of sexual intercourse with homosexual partners was 1.0%. The finding this study was that the university students were vulnerable to poor health practices. It is suggested that public health intervention program be provided for university students to keep them in good healthy lifestyle.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권2D호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 부산시 위험도로 구조개선 사업을 통하여 도로 개선효과를 알아보고, AHP 기법을 이용하여 교통사고 저감 대책 의사결정 선호도를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 위험도로 구조개선 사업 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 교통사고 건수 및 사상자 수가 전체적으로 감소하였으며, 특히 중앙분리대 설치로 인한 무단횡단 및 중앙선 침범사고가 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 위험도로 구조개선 사업에 따른 교통사고 저감대책을 위한 우선순위를 산정하였다. 자료조사 및 분석방법은 교통전문가 설문 및 AHP기법을 활용하였다. AHP 계층구조의 대분류 평가항목으로는 토목시설공 지표와 교통시설공 지표로 제시하였다. 소분류 평가항목으로는 토목시설공 지표에 6가지, 교통시설공 지표에는 4가지 항목으로 각각 구성되었다. 본 연구 결과, 교통전문가들은 교통시설공 지표보다 토목시설공 지표를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 지표별 상위 2개 항목이 전체의 50%이상을 차지하였다. 또한 검증을 통한 최종평가항목 중 토목시설공 지표의 상위 3개 항목이 전체 55.38%로 절반 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 위험도로 구조개선 사업에 따른 공사는 교통사고 및 사상자를 크게 감소하여 비용면에서도 큰 효과를 나타냈다. 이런 점을 감안 할 때 지자체에서는 교통사고 저감대책 시기초 자료로 활용해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

Objectives : We evaluated the risk of fracture associated with hypotension-related adverse drug reaction caused by taking alpha blockers to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods : We used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from January 1st 2005 to June 30th 2006 for this study. The male patients with BPH and who had a prescription for alpha blockers following any fractures were defined as the cases. We set the 20 day long hazard period prior to the index date and the four control periods whose lengths were same with hazard period. After 1:4 matching of the hazard and control periods, conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios for the risk of fractures as related to the alpha blocker exposure. Results : Doxazosin and tamsulosin showed the increased risk of fractures, whereas terazosin did not. After stratification using the defined daily doses, a protective effect was shown for the patients who took terazosin at the doses lower than 0.4 DDD and the hazardous effect at the doses higher than or equal to 0.4 DDD. There was no significant difference for the risk of patients taking tamsulosin at the doses higher than 1.0 DDD but there was a statistically significant increase in the risk at the doses higher than or equal to 1.0 DDD. Conclusions : Alpha blockers for BPH may increase the risk of fracture in elderly patients who have comorbidities and take the concomitant medications. Alpha blockers need to be prescribed with caution, although some have high prostate specificity.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Background: Construction painters have not been studied well in terms of their hazards exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) for painters in the construction industry. Methods: Activity-specific personal air samplings were carried out in three waterproofing activities [polyurethane (PU), asphalt, and cement mortar] and three painting activities (epoxy, oil based, and water based) by using organic-vapor-monitor passive-sampling devices. Gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector could be used for identifying and quantifying individual organic chemicals. The levels of TVOCs, by summing up 15 targeted substances, were expressed in exposure-index (EI) values. Results: As arithmetic means in the order of concentration levels, the EIs of TVOCs in waterproofing works were 10.77, 2.42, 1.78, 1.68, 0.47, 0.07, and none detected (ND) for indoor PU-primer task, outdoor PU-primer task, outdoor PU-resin task, indoor PU-resin task, asphalt-primer task, asphalt-adhesive task, and cement-mortar task, respectively. The highest EI for painting works was 5.61 for indoor epoxyprimer task, followed by indoor epoxy-resin task (2.03), outdoor oil-based-spray-paint task (1.65), outdoor water-based-paint task (0.66), and indoor oil-based-paint task (0.15). Assuming that the operations were carried out continuously for 8 hours without breaks and by using the arithmetic means of EIs for each of the 12 tasks in this study, 58.3% (7 out of 12) exceeded the exposure limit of 100% (EI > 1.0), while 8.3% (1 out of 12) was in 50e100% of exposure limit (0.5 > EI > 1.0), and 4 tasks out of 12 were located in less than 50% of the limit range (EI < 0.5). Conclusion: From this study, we recognized that construction painters are exposed to various solvents, including carcinogens and reproductive toxins, and the levels of TVOC concentration in many of the painting tasks exceeded the exposure limits. Construction workers need to be protected from chemical agents during their painting works by using personal protective devices and/or work practice measures. Additional studies should focus on the exposure assessment of other hazards for construction workers, in order to identify high-risk tasks and to improve hazardous work environments.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

최근 기후 변화로 인해 전 세계적으로 이상기후 현상이 일어나고 있으며 우리나라도 예외는 아니다. 과거의 강우기록을 갱신하는 강우가 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며 특히 국지성 집중호우의 경우 짧은 시간에 많은 양의 강우가 좁은 지역에 발생하고 있어 산지재해 발생 또한 증가 하고 있다. 강원도의 경우 지역적 특성상 대부분 산지로 이루어져 있어 경사가 가파르고 토심 또한 얕아 산사태에 의해 많은 피해를 입고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 산지유역에 지형분류기법과 산사태 위험성 예측기법을 적용하여 재해 위험도를 예측하고자 하였다. 지형분류기법은 지형위치지수를(TPI)를 계산하여 위험 지형을 분류하고 토석류 예측기법중 하나인 SINMAP 방법을 사용하여 산지재해 발생 가능지역을 예측하였다. 그 결과 지형분류기법에서는 전체 유역 중 약 63% 이상 완경사지와 급경사지로 분류되었으며 SINMAP 분석에서는 전체 유역 중 약 58%가 위험 지역으로 분석되었다. 최근 각종 개발로 인해 산지재해의 저감 대책이 마련이 시급한 실정이며 재해 위험 구간에 대한 안정성 대책을 수립하여야 한다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2023

This study aimed to verify the validity of the evaluation items and weight determination of the indoor environmental safety area, which has the most frequent accidents, among the safety certification evaluations of educational facilities by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, which has been conducted since May 2021. As a preceding study, the evaluation items of the school safety evaluation checklist being implemented in the US state of Vermont were compared, and the causes of accidents judged by teachers in the accident experiences written by 200 Korean teachers were compared with the safety certification evaluation items belonged to the Ministry of Education. In addition, research literature using the AHP analysis technique on safety risks of elementary and secondary schools in China and safety evaluation index study cases of 539 elementary school children in Indonesia were analyzed. Through these preceding studies, measures to add and adjust evaluation items were derived and the validity and importance rankings of evaluation items were calculated through AHP questionnaires to teachers and safety experts. In addition, a survey was conducted on 104 ordinary people to verify the results of expert analysis. As a result of expert AHP analysis, 'safety education and disaster response training (.396)' was the highest priority for the relative importance of the first layer, followed by 'safety measures (.387)' and 'building materials'. Safety (.216)' was found to be the highest priority. In the overall importance ranking of the 13 second-tier screening items, safety accident prevention education had the highest priority and disaster preparedness training ranked second, proving that the Ministry of Education's review weight was underestimated. In addition, slip and collision accident countermeasures, which were not in the existing Ministry of Education review items, ranked 4th, laboratory practice room safety measures ranked 6th, and sanitation, cleanliness, hazardous substance management, and cafeteria/cooking room safety measures ranked 9th, indicating a significant level of importance. Referring to the importance ranking, which is the result of this study, it is suggested that it is necessary to review the weight of each review item again.