• 청정기술
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

2000년 중반기 이후, 산업 경쟁력에서 환경 규제, 특히 제품 함유 유해물질 규제가 EU를 중심으로 점차 강화되어 큰 영향을 미쳐왔고, 이는 1990년 초 섬유산업에서 시작하여 전기전자산업을 거쳐 전 산업으로 확장되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 EU의 제품 함유 유해물질 규제 흐름을 알아보고, EU에서 규제하고 있는 유해물질의 종류, 규제 사유, 관련 근거 및 법령을 주요 섬유제품 에코라벨인 Oeko-Tex Standard, 전기전자 제품의 RoHS (Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment) 및 REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of CHemicals)의 SVHC (Substances of Very High Concern, 고위험성 물질)를 중심으로 고찰해 보면서 NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) 단체들의 활동으로 도출되고 있는 ChemSec (the International Chemical Secretariat)의 SIN (Substitute It Now) list와 그 의미를 조사해보았다. 또한, 국내 수출기업이 국제시장에서 받고 있는 클레임 사례를 통해 규제 유해물질이 시장에 주는 영향을 살펴보고, 유해물질로 인한 국제환경규제의 단기 및 중장기 대응 방안을 고찰해 보기로 한다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2017

화학사고는 화학물질관리법으로 체계적으로 관리되고 있다. 하지만 유해화학물질 폭력사건은 용어 정의, 사례에 대한 연구 등이 전반적으로 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현 법령의 문제점을 고찰하고 국내 외 사례를 통해서 개선사항을 도출하여 유해화학물질 폭력사건 예방을 위한 법적, 제도상의 개선방향을 제시하는데 연구의 중점을 두었다. 제안한 개선방향은 1) 법령의 개정을 통한 예방 강화로 (1) 주관 부처의 선정 등; 2) 온 오프라인 상거래에 대한 규제 강화에서는 (1) 개인 구매량 설정 등; 3) 환경부 중심의 예방, 관리 체계의 강화로 (1) 화학물질평가위원회를 통한 지속적인 제도의 개선 등 3가지 방향에 대해서 제시하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

Most plants producing semiconductors use a lot of chemicals, hazardous materials, and explosive gases. Though those materials are hazardous too much, some works still have to be done manually by human workers. However, according to a historical survey, more than half industrial accidents of those plants resulted from human errors or malfunctions. Thus, this research aimed 1) to diagnose shifting hazardous materials of semiconductor plants, 2) to estimate failure probability of human workers through human reliability analysis, and 3) to find out the tasks on which educational emphasis should be put. Through personal interview and visiting working spots, shifting tasks were analyzed, and modelled into a 24-step work, and after that, THERP and ETA was applied. During the shifting work, estimated human failure probability under the assumption of independency, 2.3004E-05, underestimated that probability 8. l008E-05 which could be calculated under the assumption of dependency. And this analysis showed that gas leakage from an old cylinder occupies 78.27% in the case of independent failures whereas gas leakage from a new cylinder occupies 75.06% in the case of dependent failures. So it was concluded that dependency assumption may gloss real situations. In addition, confirming gauge of regulators and closing valves turned out to be the most important tasks than purge tasks.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2006

About 99% of microorganisms in the environment are unculturable. However, advances in molecular biology techniques allow for the analysis of living microorganisms in the environment without any cultivation. With the advent of new technologies and the optimization of previous methods, various approaches to studying the analysis of living microorganisms in the environment are expanding the field of microbiology and molecular biology. In particular, real-time PCR provides methods for detecting and quantifying microorganisms in the environment. Through the use of the methods, researchers can study the influence of environmental factors such as nutrients, oxygen status, pH, pollutants, agro-chemicals, moisture and temperature on the performances of environmental processes and some of the mechanisms involved in the responses of cells to their environment. This review will also address information gaps in the analysis of the microorganisms using real-time PCR in the environmental process and possible future research to develop an understanding of microbial activities in the environment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.314-326
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the ingredients used in ten consumer product categories and determine hazardous substances among these ingredients. Methods: A total of 542 commercial products in ten consumer product categories were selected. The consumer products were sticker removers, washing machine cleaners, multi-purpose cleaners, mold removers, glass cleaners, chlorinated sanitizers, air conditioner cleaners, disposal cleaners, drain cleaners and disinfectant sprays. The company list was complied from governmental records and a market survey. The respective companies were contacted for a list of ingredients found in the 542 products. Results: The corresponding companies listed 163 ingredients. According to European Union (EU) Directive 67/548/EEC, 38 of the 163 ingredients were classified as dangerous substances. Among these substances, 28 ingredients were hazardous to the skin, 15 were hazardous to the eye, and nine were hazardous if inhaled. Three ingredients were classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction) substances: liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) with carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and VM&P naphtha and ligroine with carcinogenicity. Conclusion: Various chemicals, including hazardous substances, were used in consumer products. Risk assessment of consumer products is required in order to protect the population from health risks.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

Purpose : This study was conducted to provide fundamental data to prepare for countermeasure to protect health of workers in the dental clinics from hazardous chemical substance, and to assess effecting factors on management of Material Safety Date Sheet(MSDS) and handling of hazardous chemical substance among workers in dental clinics. Methods : This study was carried out a survey with structured self-administered questionnaire which was consisted of 7 questions about the management of MSDS, 9 questions about recognition and practice of hazardous chemical substances in dental clinics, and 7 questions about general characteristics. Total subjects of this study were 204 adult who workers in dental clinics located in Busan and Gyeng-nam province area. The collected data were analysed using the SPSS statistical package program (ver. 23.0). Results : The factor that positively affected factor on recognition and practice of hazardous chemical substances in dental clinics has experience that has been institutional health-care accreditation. The factor that positively affected the management of MSDS has experience that has been institutional health-care accreditation. Conclusion : It is necessary to prepare countermeasures such as campaign and education on cognition of general chemical substances, and also the author concern that it should be perform the education on handling of hazardous chemical substances in dental clinics for more effecting management of MSDS. In order to improve the management of MSDS and improve the awareness and safety of chemicals, it is necessary to encourage the implementation of the institutional health-care accreditation system or prepare guidelines for the management of MSDS.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2012

To protect human health and manage increasing hazardous chemicals in stream area, it is necessary to expand water quality hazardous items based on risk assessment with proper monitoring data. Also, it is essential to set up the suitable monitoring frequency to produce reliable exposure data to derive water quality guidelines. However, there has been no harmonized monitoring frequency for risk assessment in both domestic and international monitoring systems. In addition, the monitoring frequency for risk assessment has been selected as 'Research needs' in the International Conference on Deriving Environmental Quality Standards for the Protection of Aquatic Ecosystems (EQSPAE) of 2011. In this study, Cases of UNEP/WHO, EU, European countries, USEPA, ANZECC/ARMCANZ, CCME, Japan, and Korea were analyzed to propose the monitoring frequency for risk assessment. Monitoring frequencies depending on environmental conditions, monitoring object, measurement parameters, and monitoring duration were extensively collected. We observed that a monthly monitoring has been applied at most of organizations including EU, USEPA, and UNEP/WHO. In this study, monitoring frequency of minimum 6 times during 3 years were proposed to conduct the risk assessment based on the current domestic status. However, it is necessary to make agreements among interested parties, and perform additional studies about optimal monitoring frequency to protect the aquatic ecosystem and human health in Korean rivers and streams.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

최근 급속히 발전하고 있는 과학기술과 산업발달에 따라 화학물질, 위험물의 사용, 저장 및 운송물이 날로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 물질들은 우리의 일상생활과 인류문화 발전에 크게 기여하고 있지만 인화성, 폭발성 등의 잠재위험성을 가지고 있다. 세계 각국은 물질의 분류와 표시가 달라 국제무역에서 많은 사고가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구의 목적은 위험물에 대한 국제적인 시험방법을 개발하는 것이며 시험데이터를 기준으로 선택가능방식(Building Block Approach)으로 분류하고자 한다. 국내 위험물안전관리법에서는 위험물을 산화성고체, 가연성고체, 자연발화성물질 및 금수성물질, 인화성액체, 자기반응성물질, 산화성액체로 분류하고 있다. 1차적으로 산화성고체 35종에 대하여 위험물안전관리법에 의한 시험방법, UN시험방법으로 시험한 데이터를 비교하여 이들의 연관성을 도출하고, 국제적으로 분류하여 국내실정에 적합한 산화성고체 시험방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2024

Background: There is growing international recognition of the need for improvements to national chemical management systems for hazardous chemicals. The European Union has recently introduced the concept of 'essential uses' as a new approach to the management hazardous chemicals by limiting their uses. Objectives: This paper examines the concept of essential uses in chemical management and how to apply it through a case study of essential use. This approach is distinct from the current chemical management system, but seeks to improve its potential benefits by effectively restricting or gradually decreasing the use of hazardous substances. Methods: The concept of essential uses was introduced by reviewing the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Cousins's three essentiality categories applied to PFAS, restriction options assessed in the PFAS restriction proposal under REACH, and the California Safer Consumer Products regulations prioritizing 6PPD in motor vehicle tires. Based on these essential uses concepts for PFAS and 6PPD, uses of benzene were classified in accordance with the essential uses approach for products using benzene in South Korea. Results: The essential use concept is able to manage the restriction and authorization of substances of concern through essential uses and non-essential uses and the feasible substitution of uses and substances. Conclusions: If the concept and methodology of essential uses are clearly established, they can be expected to shift the national chemical management paradigm from regulating substances to limiting uses under the existing substance management system.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2009

The greatest concern of vapor/gas respirators is when to exchange chemical cartridges, but it is very difficult to estimate the breakthrough time of them in the workplace spot due to so many factors influencing on breakthrough. There needs to study on estimating cartridge exchange period available practically in the spot, even if it is not precise. In the previous study, authors suggested the method on estimating service-life of chemical cartridges using cartridges discarded after use. This followed study was to estimate exchange period for chemical cartridges using comparison of concentrations between Korean Occupational Exposure Limits (KOELs) and odor thresholds of chemicals. Chemicals were divided into four groups, I, II, III and IV groups. Group I chemicals are relatively safe if cartridges are just or slightly delayed exchanged when smelling since odor thresholds were less than 0.5 times KOELs. Odor threshold of Group II chemicals are 0.5~2.0 times KOELs and potentially hazardous if cartridges are exchanged when smelling. Those chemicals should be conducted program on estimating service-life of cartridges, which was just previously published (J Kor Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2008;18(3) 204-215). Group III chemicals (odor thresholds are more than 2.0 times KOELs) and Group IV chemicals (odorless or no data for smelling) must be performed the above mentioned program before cartridges. Even if this method on cartridge exchange using odor threshold is practically widely used in the workplace spot in the present, program on estimating service-life of cartridges is recommended for all chemicals to reduce potentially hazards.