• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3755-3761
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• 2013

This study aims to assess the ecological risk of the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emitted in the semiconductor manufacturing processes in Korea by using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR, EPA, US, EPI $Suite^{TM}$ 4.1). Owing to the absence of environmental standards of hazardous air pollutants in the semiconductor manufacturing processes in Korea, 18 HAPs in the semiconductor field included in both the US EPA NESHAPs and the hazardous air pollutant list of Ministry of Environment in Korea were selected. As a results 8 chemicals (44.4%) of the selected 18 HAPs were VOCs. Cyanides (cyanides) and ethylene oxides (epoxy resins), and tetrachloro-ethylene (aliphatic compounds, halides) showed long half-lives. Cyanide HAPs especially had the highest half-life with the estimated value of 356.533 days. Nickel compounds (heavy metal compounds) possessed the highest water solubility followed by acetaldehyde (aldehyde compounds), ethylene oxides, and 1,4-dioxanes. The halides, including tetrachloro-ethylenes, carbon tetra-chlorides, benzene (aromatic compounds), and lead (heavy metals), are estimated to take the longest time for biodegradation. Tetrachloroethylene, with the acute toxicity end point of 3.685-7.033 mg/L, was assessed to be the most highly toxic substance among the 18 HAPs. However, considering the absence of the HAPs in the common category of log $K_{ow}{\geq}4$and $BCF{\geq}500$, which indicates the standard of bioconcentration potentials, potentials of the bioconcentration are considered to be low.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.616-625
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• 2019

건강영향평가는 개발사업 시행에 따른 사람의 건강에 미치는 영향을 예측하여 건강피해를 최소화하기 위한 목적으로 환경영향평가 내에서 시행되고 있다. 하지만 건강영향평가 시 유해대기오염물질 배출량 산정방법에 대한 일관성 부족으로 건강영향평가 매뉴얼 개선이 필요하나, 아직 개정은 되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 실제 산업단지 개발 사례 및 기 수행된 건강영향평가를 중심으로 유해대기오염물질 배출량 산정 시 매뉴얼에 제시된 원단위 산정 방법을 다르게 적용한 4가지 사례를 선정하여 각각 배출량을 산정하였다. 각 산정된 배출량을 토대로 CALPUFF 모델을 이용한 확산농도 예측 후, 노출농도를 기준으로 위해성 평가를 시행하였다. 위해성 평가 결과, 배출량 산정 방법별 위해도 수준의 차이가 비교적 크게 나타남에 따라, 배출량 산정시 원단위 적용에 대한 매뉴얼 개선이 필요한 것으로 검토되었다. 또한 배출량 산정 시 근거자료 활용에 대한 일관성, 건강영향평가에 최적화된 배출계수 개발, 현황 조사에 대한 신뢰성 향상이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2008

Hazardous air pollutants emitted from the oil refinery plant were surveyed from 1993 US and 2005 Korean TRI data. Toluene, xylene, methanol, MTBE and n-hexane, relatively large in amount of fugitive emission, are considered as candidates of newly designated HAPs in Korea. The sealed oil pump, one of equipments among fugitive sources in the crude oil distillation tower was examined for the estimation of amounts of annual HAPs emissions according to several calculation methods using registered emission factors. Emission rates showed to be decreased with following calculation factors; average emission factor>pegged emission factor>concentration emission factor>correlation equation. Annual emission amounts of benzene, toluene, xylene. ethyl benzene and nhexane from the distillation tower were estimated and amounts of these HAPs calculated with TVOC concentrations obtained from LDAR program and correlation equations showed only 6% of those from using concentration factors.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.41-44
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• 2010

Hazardous air pollutants such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzene, formaldehyde have been concerned about the adverse health effect of long-term exposure. Contour map is useful for finding high-concentration region, emission source, and distributions of HAPs in the ambient air. To make a contour map, we have developed simple analytical method for selected HAPs; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as BaP, benzene and its derivatives such as toluene and xylene, and aldehydes and ketones. We have applied these methods to investigate air pollution by HAPs in some cities in Japan. The results show that these methods reveal actual emission sources if the PRTR emission report was not submitted.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.398-409
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• 2021

Background: The types and effects of hazardous pollutants in indoor air may vary depending on the characteristics of the sources and pollutants caused by physical and chemical properties of buildings, the influence of outdoor air, and the exposure and use characteristics of residents. Objectives: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the establish of indoor air quality management for different classes of public-use facilities by presenting the characteristics of concentration distribution of hazardous pollutants by different public-use facilities and the status of the excess proportion of exceeding standards. Methods: This study analyzed self-measurement data from public-use facilities taken from 2017 to 2019 A total of 133,525 facilities were surveyed. A total of 10 types of pollutants that have maintenance and recommended standards stipulated in the Indoor Air Quality Control Act from the Ministry of Environment were investigated. The excess proportion and the substances exceeding the criteria for each type of public-use facilities for these pollutants were investigated. Results: As a result of the analysis of the proportion of exceeding the standard for each type of public-use facility, the facilities with the highest excess proportion of the standards for each hazardous pollutant were: PM₁₀ in railway stations (8.93%), PM_2.5 in daycare centers (7.36%), CO₂ in bus terminals (2.37%), HCHO in postpartum care centers (4.11%), total airborne bacteria in daycare centers (0.69%), CO in museums (0.1%), NO₂ in postpartum care centers (1.15%), Rn in museums (0.78%), total volatile organic compounds in postpartum care centers (7.20%) and mold in daycare centers (1.44%). Conclusions: Although uncertainty may arise because this study is a result of self-measurement, it is considered that this study has significance for providing basic data on the establishment in the future of indoor air quality management measures customized for each type of public-use facility.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2013

Adulterations fuel have been using in the vehicle in these days. Because gasoline, diesel prices are rising every day. so people find more cheap price fuel. Adulterations fuel caused a serious air pollution problems. Adulteration fuel were made from waste engine oil, waste paint. According to Government regulations permit to be used recycle fuel(adulteration fuel) only in industrial boiler. Unburned fuel pollutants are effected to human health. In this paper, the hazardous air pollutants characteristics in the diesel vehicles according to adulterations of vehicle fuels were carried out in the NEDC test mode in chassis dynamometer. It is revealed that the all of the regulation pollutants (THC, NOx, CO and PM) emission in the adulterations of vehicle fuels was increased also the green house gas, $CO_2$ was increased. In the hazardous air pollutants characteristics, the VOCs(Volitile Organic Compounds) BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) emissions in the adulterations of vehicle fuels showed higher level than these in the diesel fuels.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.92-92
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• 1999

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and aldehydes generated from roadside vehicles and other pollutants were measured and analyzed. Research design, data and methodology: As a result of measuring and analyzing three areas near the roadside, Vinyl chloride 0.00 ~ 0.02 ppb, Benzene 2.87 ~ 5.01 ppb. Toluene 4.51 ~ 8.62 ppb, Styrene 0.00 ~ 0.34 ppb, Formaldehyde 8.45 ~ 17.12 ug/m³, Acetaldehyde 7.01 ~ 17.64 ug/m³ were detected. When comparing the analysis results and the 6-month average concentration of the hazardous air monitoring network, the analysis results were about 26 times higher for Benzene, about 5 times for Toluene, and about 3.75 times for Styrene. In the case of vinyl chloride, it was confirmed that it was about 20 times lower than that of the hazardous atmosphere monitoring network. Results: Therefore, it is necessary to reexamine the installation location of the measurement network because people are exposed to pollutants on the actual roadside. It is judged that it is right to build a measurement network that is practically helpful to people by increasing the measurement items in the measurement network.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.513-527
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• 2013

Recently, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) have been of great concern in Korea, largely due to public awareness on the importance of their impacts on environmental health. A group of HAPs includes a large number of various chemicals such as VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, dioxines, furans, organochlorinated pesticides, and some heavy metals. These groups of pollutants are generally known to have genetic toxicity and to be persistent in the environment. In addition, most of chemicals belong to the category of HAPs are widely distributed not only in air, but also in water and soil environments, and has therefore undergone considerable scrutiny for the last three decades. In this article, environmental implications and management of HAPs in Korea will be reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the monitoring of HAPs in the ambient air. A number of field studies will be introduced, which were recently conducted in large urban and industrial areas. Based on the filed studies, eight pollutants have been suggested to be intensively managed as higher priority pollutants, which are benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acrolein, trichloroethylene, benzo(a)pyrene, hexa-valent Cr, and $PM_{2.5}$. Finally, future directions for a mega scale project for comprehensive monitoring of ambient atmosphere in large urban areas will be suggested. Such an innovative project is believed to provide more realistic information on the nature of the population exposure, which can not be simply identified by emission inventories or source investigations. Therefore, any strategy for the management of HAPs should be developed by not only emission-based approaches, but also observation-based approaches.

• 월간포장계
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• 통권277호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2016