• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 1992

To understand the basic information on the management and utilization of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), four cultivars of Palaton. Venture, Castor and Frontier (control) were compared for growth characteristics, dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value, 1990 to 1992. The reed canarygrass was harvested four times annually, at soiling stage. The average plant height at harvest was 60 cm in Frontier, 57 cm in Palaton and Venture, and 52 cm in Castor. Initial heading and heading date in 1990 were ca. 21 May and 29 May, respectively, regardless of cultivar. The highest yield (12.495 kg/ha) in 1990 was observed by Frontier. In 1991. Palaton. Venture and Frontier outyielded Castor significantly, and the yields of all cultivars in 1992 were not significant, ranged from 11,460 kg (Castor) to 12,298 kg/ha (Palaton). On an average for three years, Palaton (10,592 kg), Venturc (10,405 kg) and Frontier (1 1,277 kg/ha) produced more forages than Castor. In Frontier the percentage of DM distribution at first harvest (spring) was highest (32.4%). However, the distributions at third (summer) and fourth (autumn) harvest were high in Palaton and Venture, compared with Frontier. The nutritive value of reed canarygrass was not significantly different among cultivars, and the percentage of weeds was slightly high in Castor reed canarygrass.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 1989

Experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum season for mulberry graftages harvesting before the period of natural leaf fall in autumn. Harvesting season was examined at 10 days intervals from September 30 to November 20, 1985 and 1986, at nine sites in eight provinces. The results were : 1. Diameter of graftages increased until October 30. 2. Early harvest of graftages decreased survived rate, number of shoots, and total shoot length the next spring. The October 30 harvest yielded the best growth the following spring. 3. Harvests after October 20 allowed for good survial of mulberry shoots and sprouting the following spring. 4. Total N and P in plants increased with late harvests, K decreased, and Ca content was not affected by harvest date. 5. Total N, P, and Ca were higher in stem cortex than root bark, while K appeared to be equally distributed between root and shoot bark.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to develop a simulation model and to determine minimum specific airflow rate requirements for natural air drying of rough rice in Korea. A simulation model was developed considering energy and mass balances within grain bed, drying and rewetting rates, and hysterisis effect between sorption and desorption isotherms. As the results of validation test, the moisture contents predicted by the model agreed very well with the actual data. The criteria for determining minimum specific airflow rate requirements was that the top loom layer in the bin be dried to a moisture content below 16 percent wet basis with less than 0.5% drymatter decomposition. The minimum specific airflow rate requirements in 13 locations of Korea were presented based on the worst one among the past 7 to 13-year weather data. These requirements were also presented for all the combinations of three harvest dates and four harvest moisture contents. Specific airflow rate requirements seemed to be half by each 2 percent reduction in moisture content from 24 percent. As harvest date was delayed by 10 days from October 1, these requirements were reduced by about 20 to 40 percent.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Although whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is now widely grown as a silage crop in Korea, forage production and silage quality of that for organic farm have not been published. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of harvest stage on forage production and quality of organic barley, and effect of field wilting and crushed rice for shortening of harvest date and improvement of forage quality. The experiment was split-plot design with three replications. Main plots were heading, milking and yellow stages, and sub-plot were field wilting for I day, crushed rice 10% (CR10%) and 15% (CR15%) treatments. The dry matter (DM) contents of heading, milking and yellow stages were 12.8%, 21.9% and 29.8%, respectively. The DM yields of heading, milking and yellow stages were 10,346, 15,819 and 18,336 kg/ha, respectively, and the total digestible nutrients (TDN) of these were 6,288, 9,550 and 10,178 kg/ha, respectively. The pH of milking stage showed low 4.00 pH values. The crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and TDN contents were decreased as harvest stage progressed, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were increased. The crude ash (CA) of milking stage showed the lowest among harvest stages. Field wilting and crushed rice treatments decreased CA, NDF and ADF contents, and increased NFC and TDN contents. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) decreased with progressed harvest stage, while field wilting and crushed rice treatments increased that of barley silage. Lactic acid and total organic acid contents of milking stage were the highest, and butyric acid of milking stage was the lowest among harvest stage. The good effect of field wilting and crushed rice was observed in heading stage. The experiment results indicate that optimum harvest stage of barley silage for organic was milking stage. The field wilting and crushed rice additive could be recommended as effective method for shortening harvest date and increasing forage quality of organic barley silage

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Few management studies have been conducted on late planting date for corn silage in paddy field as a barley-corn forage cropping system. Experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. The objectives of this study were to determine relationships between planting date and com forage yield and to determine the best hybrid at the delayed planting after whole crop barley's harvest. The treatments consisted of 2 planting dates and 7 hybrids. Delayed planting considerately reduced stem diameter, individual ear size and weight. The ratio of dried leaf and culm in aerial plants was increased and that of ear was decreased. The coefficient of variation in fresh, dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield was higher at delayed planting date on cropping system with whole crop barley than that of planting at optimum season. So, fresh weight was reduced by 91.8%, dry matter by 72.6%, grain yield by 51.0% and TDN yield by 68.1%. The appropriate hybrid for delayed planting after whole crop barley harvest in middle region was 'Gangdaok' as lower in the reduction of ear size and weight compared to that of planting at optimum season. Reduction in grain yield caused to decrease the DM and TDN yields. Therefore, to gain stable dry matter in silage corn by delayed planting date on cropping system with whole crop barley was necessary to select com hybrid on the minimum reduction in ear size and weight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.193-197
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• 2006

The optimum planting date, plant spacing, and harvest time for production of small-sized sweetpotato was evaluated in 2003 to 2004 at the Mokpo Experiment Station. Small-sized sweetpotato is important as snack food in Korea. Optimum planting date and plant spacing were with plastic mulch, and mid-April and $75{\times}15{\sim}20cm$ respectively, mid-June and $75{\times}15cm$ respectively without plastic mulch. Storage root yield decreased with early harvest, but the ratio of small-sized sweetpotato was higher in plots harvested after 100 days of planting (DAP) than that of 80 or 120 DAP. Considerable differences in storage root yield was noted with planting dates and plant spacings, but the use of plastic mulch resulted to smaller yield variations in plots, harvested in mid-April. Planting in mid-April and harvesting after 100 DAP increased income by about $32{\sim}61%$ compared with plantings mid-May.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.306-312
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• 1998

Free sugar, organic acid, naringin, hesperidin and inorganic elements change of six varities of Cheju citrus fruits; Citrus natsudaidai, C. grandis, C. platymamma., C. sudachi, C. aurantiun and C. unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa by harvest date were investigated. Changes in free sugar of citrus fruits on the different harvesting stages and varieties showed a little differencies. The content of sucrose, glucose and maltose in citrus juice were $44.9{\sim}66.0%,\;15.7{\sim}25.7%\;and\;17.5{\sim}30.1%$, respectively. As the fruits were matured, free sugar was increased, but organic acid was decreased gradually. The major organic acids from the fruit juice were citric acid, malic acid and oxalic acid. Citric acid content exceeded 90%, oxalic acid ranged less than 3.58% and malic acid ranged $0.98{\sim}9.45%$ in total organic acids. Both naringin and hesperidin content showed markedly high in immature fruits, and in rind compare to fruit juice. Naringin and hesperidin content decreased as peel coloration progressed. It was estimated that fully matured fruits would be useful for making processed products, which lead to less turbity and less bitterness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

This study was conducted to compare the antioxidative effects of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam and D. zawadskii var. yezoense (Maek.) Y.M. Lee & H.J. Choi due to the harvest date. Harvested samples at May 9th (early), July 17th (middle) and September 3rd (late stage) were extracted with 80% ethanol, and biological activities and antioxidant substance contents were detected. The earlier harvested samples showed the higher moisture contents and extraction yields. DPPH radical scavenging effect of early harvested D. zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam ($RC_{50}$ = $0.128\;mg\;{\cdot}\;mL^{-1}$) was similar to BHT ($0.121\;mg\;{\cdot}\;mL^{-1}$). ABTS radical scavenging effects of both species harvested at early stage were higher than that of ascorbic acid which was well-known natural antioxidant. However, both species harvested at late stage showed the highest $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effect, but it was lower than that of EDTA. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of both species were higher when samples were harvested earlier stage. However, both species harvested at early stage contained more total polyphenols (79.93 and $75.10\;mg\;{\cdot}\;g^{-1}$) than flavonoids (57.84 and $54.91\;mg\;{\cdot}\;g^{-1}$).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects that the difference of planting time by a method of cultivation in the non-heated greenhouse and the open field with spring planting had on growth and yield. With regard to the tested variety of Momordica charantia, variety 'Dragon' (Japan Yae 農藝) was selected. And 3 treatments on March 20, April 5 and April 20 for the greenhouse cultivation and 3 treatments on April 20, May 5 and May 20 for the open-field cultivation 1 month later than those for the greenhouse cultivation were planted by the randomized complete block design, and 4 secondary vines were trained. In the results of examining 15-day average atmospheric temperature after planting according to the methods of greenhouse and open-field cultivation and planting time, it was shown that there was a tendency for atmospheric temperature inside the greenhouse to decrease as the planting time was moved up. In particular, the average atmospheric temperature was $16.7^{\circ}C$ when seedling was planted on April 20 in the open-field cultivation, which was approximately equal to $17.0^{\circ}C$ of the average atmospheric temperature when a seedling was planted on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation. With regard to the date of first harvest by the method of cultivation, it was shown that there was a tendency for the date of first harvest to be earlier in the greenhouse cultivation than in the open-field cultivation, and the date of first harvest was moved up as a seedling was planted earlier for the planting period. The number and weight of harvested fruits per plant showed a tendency which was almost similar to that of total number of harvest days and number of harvests. Thus, the number of fruits was 189 and the weight of fruits was 31,649g in case of the greenhouse cultivation and planting on March 20, which were maximum. In case of planting on the latest planting date : May 20 in the open-field cultivation, the number of fruits was 77 and the weight of fruits was 12,502g, which were at a level of 40% of those of planting on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation 2 months earlier. The total yield per 10a was 10,228kg in the greenhouse cultivation and was 2.2 times as heavy as 4,607kg in the open-field cultivation with regard to the method of cultivation. For the planting period in the greenhouse cultivation, it was 10,539kg and 10,517kg in planting on March 20 and April 5, which was higher by 9% than 9,629kg in planting on April 20. And in the open-field cultivation, it was 4,785kg in planting on April 20 and 4,872kg in planting on May 5, which was higher by 15~17% than 4,163kg in planting on May 20. Taking the above results into account, it is considered proper to plant Momordica charantia from March 20 to April 5 for the greenhouse cultivation and from April 20 to May 5 or thereabouts when a risk of late frost is gone for the open-field cultivation in southern area.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.210-212
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• 2016