• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.473-480
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• 1998

This study was performed to analyze the variation of various physicochemical factors related to the freshness of apple and tomato during post-harvest period. The total soluble solids content, uronic acid content, cell surface roughness. density, rupture deformation and rupture force were measured for 39 days at 7-day intervals for apple and for 11 days at 2-day intervals for tomato. respectively. The cell surface roughness of apple increased with the elapsed time, while the rupture force decreased. In case of tomato, uronic acid content, density and rupture deformation increased with the elapsed time whereas the rupture force decreased. Both apple and tomato exhibited the significant correlations among those physicochemical factors.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2020

Fruit and vegetable harvesting robots have been widely studied and developed in recent years to reduce the cost of harvesting tasks such as labor and time. However, harvesting robots have many challenges due to the difficulty and uncertainty of task. In this paper, we characterize the crop environment related to the harvesting robot and analyzes state-of-the-art of the harvesting robot especially, in the viewpoint of robotic end-effector. The end-effector, an one of most important element of the harvesting robot, was classified into gripper and harvesting module, which were reviewed in more detail. Performance measures for the evaluation of harvesting robot such as test, detachment success, harvest success, and cycle time were also introduced. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations of the harvesting robot and challenges and directions for future research.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 1994

This study was carried out to develop the methodology of chromosome preparation from blood cultures in mammals which included human, mouse, cattle and pig. For karyotyping, 0.5-5.0ml of peripheral blood were collected and cultured. The satisfactory results were obtained from macroculture and microculture in all species. In culture, the patterns of cell growth were no difference among media except serum concentration and mitogen supplement. The presence of mitogen and fetal bovine serum in medium significantly affected the mitotic index. The optimal culture condition was 37$^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. And the concentration of colcemid and reincubation time also affected the chromosome morphology. In harvest, chromosome patterns were mainly affected on hypotonic treatment which included treated time and temperature, dropwise of fixative solution, and drying after slide preparation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2015

In this study, Mg-Sericite was used as a flocculant to harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella. vulgaris. Mg-Sericite separated successfully >95% of the C. vulgaris at the following optimal parameters: Mg/Si mol ratio 1.25 to 1.50, mixing time of 20 min and settling time of 20 min. The harvesting efficiency was pH dependent. The highest harvesting efficiency ($99{\pm}0.3%$) was obtained at Mg/Si mol ratio 1.5 and pH 9 to 11. These results indicated that a biopolymer, Mg-Sericite, can be a promising flocculant due to its high efficiency, low dose requirements, short mixing and settling times. This harvesting method is helpful to lower the production cost of algae for biodiesel.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.497-498
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• 2010

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2012

In this paper, we investigate the optimal packet scheduling problem in a two-user multiple access communication system, where the transmitters are able to harvest energy from the nature. Under a deterministic system setting, we assume that the energy harvesting times and harvested energy amounts are known before the transmission starts. For the packet arrivals, we assume that packets have already arrived and are ready to be transmitted at the transmitter before the transmission starts. Our goal is to minimize the time by which all packets from both users are delivered to the destination through controlling the transmission powers and transmission rates of both users. We first develop a generalized iterative backward waterfilling algorithm to characterize the maximum departure region of the transmitters for any given deadline T. Then, based on the sequence of maximum departure regions at energy arrival instants, we decompose the transmission completion time minimization problem into convex optimization problems and solve the overall problem efficiently.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to maintain high efficiency and reasonable use of cool thermal storage systems operated in the domestic building sector. As the result of efficiency test from the five types of operated cool storage systems on the condition that COP ranges are 2.6 to 3.4 during the day time and 2.1 to 3.0 during the night time and it decreased by more than 30% of rated COP given 3.8 to 3.0. The Analysis of cool storage rate shows that only 3 (21.4%) systems out of 15 buildings hold to over 40% capacity for its total capacity. To prevent the decrease in operating efficiency, it should correct the malfunction of 3-way valve and expansion valve and the mistake of control values for schedule program and increase cooling tower capacity. In order to improve piping line, it needs bypass brine line off refrigerator, separation of chilled water line with Ice Slurry system at day and night time and speed control of chilled and warm water pumps. This study does require the more studies on improving difficulty of increasing cooling load with Ice on Coil system, waterproofing with Ice Ball system, COP drop during the night time with Ice Lens, low operating temperature during the day time with Ice Slurry and increasing of Power loss due to hot gas de-icing with Ice Harvest in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1466-1473
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to study the variation laws and correlations of shearing force and feed characteristics including morphological characteristic, chemical composition and in situ degradability of wheat straw. Feasibility of evaluating the nutritional value of wheat straws with shearing force values was analyzed in this study. Six hundred wheat straw plants (Jimai 22) were randomly selected and placed in a cool and ventilated place. Samples were collected in the 1st, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th d after harvest to measure shearing force, morphological characteristic, nutritional composition. Rumen degradation of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of wheat straws were determined by the nylon bags method. The results demonstrated that linear and quadratic effects of storage time on all the tested morphological characteristics were significantly correlative (p<0.01). As storage time goes on, all the tested nutrients and their rumen degradations of wheat straw was linearly (p<0.01) and quadratic (p<0.01) correlative except ADF content and rumen degradation of ADF. Significant correlations were determined in linear effect of shearing force on morphological characteristics (p<0.01), and linear density and diameter were a more sensitive predictor than stem thickness for shearing force. There were strong correlations between storage time and all the measured physical characteristics (shearing force, morphological characteristics and shearing force standardized by morphological characteristics) (p<0.01). Nutrition compositions were linearly correlative with shearing force and standardized shearing force (p<0.01). The linear correlation between rumen degradation of DM and NDF and shearing force and standardized shearing force were evident (p<0.01). In conclusion, shearing force, nutrition compositions and their rumen degradation of wheat straw were still dynamic with storage time after harvest. Correlation could be found between shearing force and nutritional characteristics of wheat straw. Nutrient content, morphological index and rumen degradation of DM and NDF could be predicted by changes in shearing force. Shearing force should be applied according to a standardized storage time when it is used to forecast the feed value of wheat straws.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects that the difference of planting time by a method of cultivation in the non-heated greenhouse and the open field with spring planting had on growth and yield. With regard to the tested variety of Momordica charantia, variety 'Dragon' (Japan Yae 農藝) was selected. And 3 treatments on March 20, April 5 and April 20 for the greenhouse cultivation and 3 treatments on April 20, May 5 and May 20 for the open-field cultivation 1 month later than those for the greenhouse cultivation were planted by the randomized complete block design, and 4 secondary vines were trained. In the results of examining 15-day average atmospheric temperature after planting according to the methods of greenhouse and open-field cultivation and planting time, it was shown that there was a tendency for atmospheric temperature inside the greenhouse to decrease as the planting time was moved up. In particular, the average atmospheric temperature was $16.7^{\circ}C$ when seedling was planted on April 20 in the open-field cultivation, which was approximately equal to $17.0^{\circ}C$ of the average atmospheric temperature when a seedling was planted on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation. With regard to the date of first harvest by the method of cultivation, it was shown that there was a tendency for the date of first harvest to be earlier in the greenhouse cultivation than in the open-field cultivation, and the date of first harvest was moved up as a seedling was planted earlier for the planting period. The number and weight of harvested fruits per plant showed a tendency which was almost similar to that of total number of harvest days and number of harvests. Thus, the number of fruits was 189 and the weight of fruits was 31,649g in case of the greenhouse cultivation and planting on March 20, which were maximum. In case of planting on the latest planting date : May 20 in the open-field cultivation, the number of fruits was 77 and the weight of fruits was 12,502g, which were at a level of 40% of those of planting on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation 2 months earlier. The total yield per 10a was 10,228kg in the greenhouse cultivation and was 2.2 times as heavy as 4,607kg in the open-field cultivation with regard to the method of cultivation. For the planting period in the greenhouse cultivation, it was 10,539kg and 10,517kg in planting on March 20 and April 5, which was higher by 9% than 9,629kg in planting on April 20. And in the open-field cultivation, it was 4,785kg in planting on April 20 and 4,872kg in planting on May 5, which was higher by 15~17% than 4,163kg in planting on May 20. Taking the above results into account, it is considered proper to plant Momordica charantia from March 20 to April 5 for the greenhouse cultivation and from April 20 to May 5 or thereabouts when a risk of late frost is gone for the open-field cultivation in southern area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2004

Three sludge types from pharmaceutical byproducts and one sludge type from cosmetic waste-water sludge as raw materials of compost were used in a field based concrete pot ($4\;m^2$, $2\;m{\times}2\;m$) for investigating damage of red pepper cultivation. These sludges and pig manure (1 Mg/10a, dry basis) were incorporated into the upper of clay loam soil prior to transplanting with red pepper. Changes in concentration and properties of heavy metal for both of soil and plant were investigated 4 times during of red pepper growth. Plant height and stem diameter of red pepper in sludge treatments except to Pharmaceutical sludge 3 were poor than those of NPK treatment. This result were regarded as an effect of incompleted decomposition sludge which has a lot of organic matter concentration. Amount of total As was increased rapidly Jul. 8. in soil, total Zn Cu Pb Cd were in harvest time, and 1 N-HCl extractable Zn Cu Pb Cd As were in harvest at middle stage and then decreased. Amounts of nitrogen in plant (leaf and stem) were high in Phamaceutical Sludge 1 and fig Manure treatment in early and middle stage because of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations and characteristics. Amounts of Zn, Pb, and Ni in leaf and amount of Zn and Pb in stem were increased in harvest time so that we need to have a concern in detail. Total yield of red pepper was Pig Manure > Phamaceutical Sludge 3 > Phamaceutical Sludge 1 > NPK > Phamaceutical Sludge 2 and Cosmetic Sludge treatment was decreased considerably to compare to others. Amounts of Zn and Cu in green and red pepper in harvest time were higher than the other heavy metals. Finally these results can use to utilize that finding damage on crop for authorization and suitability estimation of raw material of compost.