• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.15.1-15.6
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• 2016

Background: Our previous study had identified the SNP (g.81966377T > C) and indel (g.81966364D > I) located in the promoter of APM1 to have a significant effect on marbling in Hanwoo. APM1 encodes an adipocytokine called adiponectin, which plays a significant role in lipogenesis. The aim of this study was to verify and validate the effect of the SNP and indel on marbling and other carcass traits in a large, representative, countrywide population of Hanwoo cattle. The carcass traits measured were marbling (MAR), backfat thickness (BFT), loin eye area (LEA), and carcass weight (CAW). Results: Primers were designed to amplify 346 bp of the genomic segment that contained the targeted SNP (g.81966377) and the indel (g.81966364). After data curation, the genotypes of 8,378 individuals identified using direct sequencing analysis estimated frequencies for C (0.686) and T (0.314) respectively showing genotype frequencies for CC (0.470), CT (0.430) and TT (0.098). The genotypes were significantly associated with MAR, BFT and LEA. The indel had significant effect on marbling (P < .0001) with strong additive genetic effects. The allele frequencies was estimated at (DEL, 0.864) and insertion (INS, 0.136) presenting genotypes of D/D (75.63 %), D/I (21.44 %), and I/I (2.92 %). Significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not detected for both the SNP and the indel. Conclusion: The SNP genotypes showed significant association with MAR, BFT and LEA with strong additive genetic effects, while the indel was significantly associated with MAR. The results confirmed that the variants can be used as a genetic marker for improving marbling in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2013

We identified four new bovine tri-nucleotide microsatellite loci and analyzed their sequence structures and genetic parameters in 105 randomly selected Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Allele numbers of the loci B17S0808, B15S6253, B8S7996, and B17S4998 were 10, 11, 12, and 29, respectively. These alleles contained a simple or compound repeat sequences with some variations. Allele distributions of all these loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.54 (B15S6253) to 0.92 (B17S4998) and from 0.599 (B15S6253) to 0.968 (B17S4998), respectively, and two measures of heterozygosity at each locus were highly correlated. Polymorphism information content (PIC) for these 4 loci ranged from 0.551 (B15S6253) to 0.932 (B17S4998), which means that all these loci are highly informative (PIC > 0.5). Other genetic parameters, power of discrimination (PD) and probability of exclusion (PE) ranged from 0.783 (B15S6253) to 0.984 (B17S4998) and from 0.210 (B15S6253) to 0.782 (B17S4998), respectively. Their combined PD and PE values were 0.9999968 and 0.98005176, respectively. Capillary electrophoresis revealed that average peak height ratio for a stutter was 13.89% at B17S0808, 26.67% at B15S6253, 9.09% at B8S7996, and 43.75% at B17S4998. Although the degree of genetic variability of the locus B15S6253 was relatively low among these four microsatellite markers, their favorable parameters and low peak height ratios for stutters indicate that these four new tri-nucleotide microsatellite loci could be useful multiplex PCR markers for the forensic and population genetic studies in cattle including Korean native breed.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

Purpose: The incomplete reduction of the sesamoid has lately been issued as cause for recurrence. In this study, we analysed factors that may influence reduction of sesamoid. Materials and Methods: The study consists of 50 cases operated by single surgeon. Eighteen cases were done by proximal chevron osteotomy, and 32 cases were done by scarf osteotomy. Hallux valgus (HV) angle and intermetatarsal (IM) angle were measured before and three months after the surgery. Sesamoid position (SP) was classified according to Hardy and Clapham grade system. Results: After the proximal chevron osteotomy, the correction of the mean HV angle was $19.5^{\circ}$, and IM angle was $6.2^{\circ}$. SP was changed from 5.6 to 3.4 grade. After the Scarf osteotomy, the correction of the mean HV angle was 25 degree, and IM angle was $9^{\circ}$. SP was changed from 5.5 to 2.8 grade. There was difference of sesamoid's correction between two different method of surgery (p=0.127). However, better correction of sesamoid was witnessed with bigger correction angle regardless of method of surgery (p=0.002, 0.001). Conclusion: We believe surgical method do not effect sesamoid's correction but more correction angle can result in better correction of sesamoid position.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

This study reviews studies that used skin temperature in order to establish an emotion evaluation protocol based on skin temperature for home appliances. A survey of skin temperature evaluation papers was conducted by the following five stages: (1) keyword search, (2) title screening, (3) abstract screening, (4) full paper screening, and (5) relevance evaluation. Selected papers were reviewed for: purpose, recruitment criteria of participants, the number of participants, apparatus, procedure, measures, analysis methods, and major findings. Thermistor sensors and thermography are used for the measurement of skin temperature. Skin temperature sensors are attached to 4 - 10 locations on the body and their mean of skin temperature is calculated by Ramanatan's 4-point or Hardy & Dubois's 7-point method. Semantic differential (SD) method and thermography measuring facial surface temperature have been used for emotion evaluation. The SD method provides a set of adjective pairs related to a product and evaluates changes in emotion from the use of the product. The range of facial surface analyzed is defined in the thermal image and temperature changes before and after the evaluation are analyzed. The evaluation items of home appliances include form, color, material, aesthetics, satisfaction, novelty, convenience, pleasantness, and excellence. Many existing emotion studies using skin temperature do not apply physiological and psychological methods. This study provides basic data to establish a skin temperature and emotion evaluation protocol by examining literature for skin temperature and evaluation of sensitivity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1996

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizer level on growth, crude protein content and nitrogen fixation ability of alfalfa(Medicugo sariva L.) at sowing year. The experimental field was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications according to the phosphate application level (200 and 400kfia) in farm of Kongju National University. Research samples were collected at intervals of 7 days from October 7 to December 9 and nitrogen fixation activity of nodule was measured by using the acetylene reduction method (Hardy et al. 1968). The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Number of branches, root length and dry matter weight at phosphate fertilizer level of 400kg in sowing year were more increase than those of 200kfia. The number of nodules was not significantly difference between phosphate fertilizer level, because of low temperature to be enough to nodulation of alfalfa. 2. The crude protein content of leaf, stem and root were not significantly affected by the phosphate fertilizer level. but that of leaf was increased at 400kgha on 72 days after sowing. The crude protein content of each part according to growing stages was increased at 44 days and 72 days after sowing. 3. The dry weight of root was not significantly difference between phosphate fertilizer level from 30 days to 51 days after sowing, but that was increased at phosphate fertilizer level of 400kgha from 51 days afier sowing. 4. The amount of ethylene in the samples taken 2 hours and calculated amount of nitrogen fixation were increased at phosphate fertilizer level of 400kfia from 30 days to 65 days after sowing. but there was vice versa from 58 days after sowing.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.7-17
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• 1965

(1)춘벌상수의 벌채후의 지조의 생장은 거의 일직선으로 생장하여 특별한 생장주기가 없는것 같지만 하벌상수의 지조의 생장은 발육초기 약1개월간은 그 생장이 비교적 빠르고 그 후의 생장은 호간 느린 경향이 있다. (2)지조는 그 생장도중의 상당히 빠른 시기에 자기도태현상이 일어나서 춘벌상수에 있어서는 대체로 6월하순∼7월상순경에 또 하벌상수에 있어서는 8월상순경에 유효지조의 수가 결정되어 버리는 것이다. (3)적아처리를 하면 왜소지비율이 적어지고 또 무처리구에 비하여 조장별 지조의 분포의 폭이 넓어진다. (4)벌채후에 있어서 신아는 춘벌상수이면 5월상순∼6월상순에, 또 하벌상수이면 7월중순∼월하순에 걸쳐서 발아하는 것이지만 대부분은 그 초기에 집중적으로 발아하는 것이다. 그러고 유효지조는 초기에 발아한 아중에서 되는 것이고 늦게 발아란 것은 대개 왜소지가 되어 버리는 것이다. (5)춘벌 또는 하벌한 후 발아한 신초를 솎아서 그 수를 제한하면 잔존지조의 생장을 추진시켜서 무처리구에 비하여 그 유효조장을 20%∼60%증대시킬 수가 있으며 이와 같은 유효조장의 증대는 발아처리를 하므로서 그 유효지수가 증가하는데 기인하는 것이다. 그리고 이와 같은 적아처리의 방법은 조장이 30∼60cm자랐을 때에 조수의 1/3을 솎아 버리는 것이 가장 효과적이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Genus Artemisia occurs as a hardy plant and has a wide range of culinary and medicinal features. In this study, we aimed to describe the melanin inhibitory activity of one Artemisia species, i.e., Artemisia capillaris Thunb. Ethanol extracts of fermented Artemisia capillaris (Art.EtOH.FT) and non-fermented Artemisia capillaris (Art.EtOH.CT) were tested for their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin pigmentation. Both extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition against ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated melanin formation and tyrosinase activity, without cytotoxicity. At $100{\mu}g/mL$, both extracts showed greater inhibition than kojic acid, the positive control. Protein expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) at the transcriptional level were determined by using real-time and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To complete the mechanistic study, presences of upstream elements of MITF, the phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylated-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (p-MEK) were confirmed by using western blot analysis. Expressions of p-TYR, p-TRP-1 and p-TRP-2, downstream factors for p-ERK and p-MITF, were translationally inhibited by both extracts. Art.EtOH.FT induced more potent effects than Art.EtOH.CT, especially signal transduction effects. In summary, Artemisia capillaris extracts appear to act as potent hypopigmentation agents.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2008

Marine fisheries are important natural resources and must be maintained, especially fish species that are important sources of food. Despite the increase in stocking programs to maintain fisheries with artificially raised fish, the genetic impact stocking has on the wild fry population has not been addressed. Genetic variation in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, within and between wild-caught parents and the $F_1$ generation produced by them in 1 day was assayed using nine highly variable micro satellite markers. The nine micro satellite loci used in this study displayed diverse polymorphisms, and in total, 98 different alleles were observed over all loci. Differences in genetic variability of the $F_1$ offspring compared to their wild-caught parents (brood stock) were observed in terms of allele frequency, gene diversity, and heterozygosity. Although the $F_1$ generation of rock bream was missing 16% of the micro satellite alleles, no significant reduction was found in mean heterozygosity of the $F_1$ population compared to the brood stock. Eight of nine loci showed significant Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) deviations in the $F_1$ population, while the brood stock deviated from HWE at three micro satellite loci (KOF85, KOF360 and KOF374). These deviations showed mostly a deficit of heterozygotes. Our results provide evidence for genetic differences in the $F_1$ hatchery offspring compared to their wild-caught parents and reinforce the need for a series of consecutive egg collections to avoid the loss of genetic variability. This also further underscores the importance of monitoring genetic variability of hatchery populations for the conservation of natural rock bream resources.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2012

Kelp grouper ($Epinephelus$ $bruneus$ Bloch 1793) is a commercially important fish in Korea. In recent years, the catch of kelp grouper in the coastal waters of Korea has significantly declined. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic diversity and conservation efforts are hampered. In this study, we isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite loci using an enrichment method based on magnetic/biotin capture of microsatellite sequences from a size-selected genomic library. All loci were readily amplified and contained TG/CA denucleotide repeats. To characterize each locus, 30 individuals from a natural E. bruneus population in the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, were genotyped. All loci except three, KEm118, KEm154, and KEm219, were polymorphic, with an average of 8.1 alleles per locus (range 2-18). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.47 (range 0.19-1.00) and 0.61 (range 0.29-0.92), respectively. A significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed at three loci (KEm134, KEm184, and KEm283). These findings will be useful for effective monitoring and management of genetic variation of kelp grouper as well as for the implementation of a fisheries conservation program.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2008

In order to study the heat transfer and pressure drop of an internal heat exchanger for $CO_2$ heat pump under cooling condition, the experiment and numerical analysis were performed. Four kinds of internal heat exchangers with a coaxial tube type and a micro-channel tube type were used. The experimental apparatus consisted of a test section, a power supply, a heater, a chiller, a mass flow meter, a pump and a measurement system. The section-by-section method and Hardy-Cross method were used for the numerical analysis. The effects of the internal heat exchanger refrigerant flow rate, the length of the internal heat exchanger, the operating condition of the gas-cooler, the evaporator and the type of the internal heat exchangers were investigated. With increasing of the flow rate, the heat transfer rate increased about 25%. The heat transfer rate of the micro-channel tube type was higher about 100% than that of the coaxial tube type. With increasing of the length of the internal heat exchanger, the heat transfer rate increased about $20{\sim}50%$. The pressure drop of the low-side tube was larger compared with that of the high-side tube.