• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the post-operative skeletal stability after surgical correction of patients with mandibular prognathism by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and to evaluate the horizontal relapse tendency after the surgery. Methods: Twenty-six patients with Class III dental and skeletal malocclusion were selected for this retrospective study. Fifteen of them underwent BSSRO for mandibular setback and eleven of them underwent two-jaw surgery (Lefort I and BSSRO). In each patient, lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken pre-operatively, post-operatively within 1 week, and post-operatively after eight months. After tracing of the cephalometric radiographs, various parameters were measured. The analyses were done by linear measurement to evaluate the change in position of hard tissue B point, pogonion and mandibular plan angle by examination on lateral cephalograms. Results: The horizontal relapse rate was 27.1% at B point and 31.6% at pogonion in patients who underwent BSSRO. The horizontal relapse rate of the group where the amount of correction exceeded 10 mm was 25.69% at B point. Conclusion: There were no statistical differences on the magnitude of setback and direction of rotation of the mandible in mandibular stability. There were also no statistical differences between single mandibular surgery and two-jaw surgery for mandibular stability.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2011

Background : Although chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is increasing, it is hard to treat effectively. In western medicine, antimicrobials drug, ${\alpha}$-adreno-ceptor antagonists, anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants and anticholinergic agents are used commonly, but chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes is confusing and frustrating for urologist. IDS(Indongsoyeom-bang) is used in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes. And it is reported that GLS(Gleditsiae spina) and TOF(Toosendan fructus) components of IDS have significant effect on protection of the glandular epithelial cells. Objective : In this study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects and action machanism of IDS in the rat model of non-bacterial prostatitis induced by castration and testosterone treatment. Methods : We observed six experimental objects of normal group, control group, testosterone group, and IDS 50 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg group. Rats were treated with 17 ${\beta}$-estradiol after castration for induction of experimental non-bacterial prostatitis, which is similar to human chronic prostatitis in histophatological profiles. IDS and testosterone were administered as an experimental specimen and a positive control, respectively. The prostates were evaluated by histological parameters including the epithelial score and epithelio-stromal ratio for glandular damage. Also, the prostates were observed by Hematological alterations of WBC, RBC, hemoglobin and platelet. Results : While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation, the rats treated with IDS-50 showed a diminished range of the tissue damage. Epithelial score was improved in IDS than that of the control. The epithelio-stromal ratio was lower in IDS when compared to that of the control. Also, the examination of bloods were not observed hematological change. Conclusion : These finding suggests that IDS may protects the glandular epithelial cells. We concluded that IDS could be a useful remedy agent for treating chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to suggest the use of laser energy in the the field of operative dentistry without considerable pulpal damage and significant effects on the dental hard tissue, additionally to find out the methods which could control the temperature rise. The laser beam (CW $CO_2$ laser, output: 6W, beam diameter: 1.5mm) was focused on the center of the occlusal surface of extracted lower molars. A Ge lens (focal length 200mm) was used to focus the primary laser beam. In order to vary the total amount of the same irradiated energy, experimental subjects were devided into three groups: continuously irradiated group, intermittently irradiated group, and water-cooled group after continuous laser irradiation. Temperature changes in the pulp chamber after laser irradiation were measured and recorded by the digital thermometer and recorder. The following results were obtained: 1. Temperatures in the pulp chamber were raised up in the order of the continuously irradiated group, intermittently irradiated group, water-cooled group after continuous laser irradiation. 2. In the continuously irradiated group, the temperature was raised up $1.7^{\circ}C$, $3.8^{\circ}C$, $7.3^{\circ}C$, $17.2^{\circ}C$ after 2, 4, 8, 16 seconds of the irradiation of laser. In the intermittently irradiated group, the changes were $1.2^{\circ}C$, $3.4^{\circ}C$, $6.3^{\circ}C$, $11.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. In the water-cooled group after continuous laser irradiation, the changes were $0.0^{\circ}C$, $0.8^{\circ}C$, $1.6^{\circ}C$, $6.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. 3. The starting time of temperature rise in the pulp chamber had no connection with laser irradiation time.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2003

이 연구는 구개부 골내고정원 장치 C-Palatal $Plate^{TM}$에 가해진 즉시 교정력이 장치 주위 골조직 및 연조직의 치유 반응에 미치는 영향을 조직학적으로 관찰하고자 시행되었다. 4마리의 비글 성견을 대상으로 정중 구개부에 장치를 식립한 후, 교정력을 전혀 가하지 않고 8주 경과된 한 마리를 대조군으로 하고, 식립 직후부터 8주간 지속적인 교정력을 받은 한 마리, 18주간 지속적인 교정력을 받은 한 마리, 그리고 18주간 지속적인 교정력을 받은 후 장치가 제거되고 이후 4주간의 치유기간을 거친 한 마리, 총 세마리를 실험군으로 하여 동요도 검사, 방사선 사진 관찰, 그리고 조직학적 관찰을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 희생 후 조직괴의 측면 방사선 사진상에서, 대조군에 비하여 즉시 교정력을 받은 군에서는 플레이트의 수직적 변위가 발생하였으나 경미하였고, 동요도 검사시 모든 군에서 초기 안정성이 확인되었으며 실험기간 중 동요도의 증가는 없었다. 2. 상부 연조직의 치유상태는 실험군과 대조군 모두 병리적 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 골유착은 교정력을 가한 8주군과 18주군 모두에서 관찰되었고 18주 경과시 골유착의 분포가 더욱 증가되었다. 그러나 압박측과 긴장측간에 골유착 분포의 차이는 관찰되지 않았으며, 대조군이 실험군에 비하여 골유착에 불리한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 스크류 경부의 변연골은 대조군에서는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었던 반면, 8주군과 18주군에서는 압박측, 긴장측과 무관하게 부분적으로 변연골 침착 및 흡수가 일어났으나 경미하였다. 5. 비강으로 관통된 스크류에서, 8주군과 18주군에서는 스크류 표면을 따라 비강측으로 신생골 침착이 관찰되었으나, 대조군에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 6. 장치 제거 4주 후, 상피층은 긴밀하게 재생되었으나 결합조직은 성글고 불규칙한 배열을 보였으며, 장치를 둘러쌌던 결합조직피막이 잔존하였다. 스크류가 식립되었던 골부위에서는 왕성한 골개조가 진행되고 있었다. 즉시 교정력에 대하여 C-Palatal $Plate^{TM}$는 임상적으로 뿐만 아니라 조직학적으로도 충분한 고정원 가치를 지니는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2001

Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and subsequent loss and/or damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as bone, cementum,and periodontal ligament. Periodontal ligament and cementum are the key tissues in the initial process of regeneration following periodontal disease. Therefore, studies on cementoblasts, which form cementum are emphasized. It is still unclear which cells cementoblast differentiate from. This study was conducted under the hypothesis that PDL fibroblast can differentiate into either cementoblast or osteoblast depending on the conditions of surrounding tissue. Clinically, with excessive traction force of orthodontic appliances or excessive occlusion hypercementosis is observed, and this has been confirmed histologically. Consequently, activation of cementoblast can be expected in rats when mechanical stimuli are given to PDL fibroblast. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to prove that PDL fibroblast differentiates into cementoblast in rats under mechanical stimuli using histologic and molecular methods. In this study, twenty rats were given hard diet. Ten of them were sacrificed after 1 week, and the others were sacrificed after two weeks. Slides were made from tooth specimen, and they were studied under the microscope. In addition, PDL fibroblast and cementum from the extracted teeth were analyzed with Northern blotting. In histologic examination, as time passed, PDL fibroblast migrated to the dentin side, differentiated into cementoblast, and formed new cementum. In Northern blotting, it was found that mRNA expression of cementoblast-specific proteins such as BSP, OC, OPN, and type I collagen were more prominent in rats sacrificed after 2 weeks of hard-diet than rats sacrificed after 1 week. From these findings we can conclude that PDL fibroblast can differentiate into cementoblast under mechanical stimuli. We think that 'Rat Models' used in this study will be beneficial to future studies regarding cementoblast.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.549-554
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• 1998

저자는 매복된 상악 정중 과잉치를 주소로 내원한 환아를 3차원 전산화 단층촬영술을 이용해 매복된 과잉치의 위치를 파악하였으며 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인접한 영구치에 대한 위해한 영향을 주지 않기 위해 상악 정중 매복 과잉치의 정확한 위치 판별이 요구된다. 2. 3차원 전산화 단층촬영법은 매복 과잉치의 위치판별에 있어서 객관적인 중요한 정보를 제공한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

Magnetic resonance image (MRI) is widely used in brain research field and medical image. Especially, non-invasive brain activation acquired image technique, which is functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) is used in brain study. In this study, we investigate brain activation occurred by LED light stimulation. For investigate of brain activation in experimental small animal, we used high magnetic field 9.4T MRI. Experimental small animal is Balb/c mouse, method of fMRI is using echo planar image (EPI). EPI method spend more less time than any other MRI method. For this reason, however, EPI data has low contrast. Due to the low contrast, image pre-processing is very hard and inaccuracy. In this study, we planned the study protocol, which is called block design in fMRI research field. The block designed has 8 LED light stimulation session and 8 rest session. All block is consist of 6 EPI images and acquired 1 slice of EPI image is 16 second. During the light session, we occurred LED light stimulation for 1 minutes 36 seconds. During the rest session, we do not occurred light stimulation and remain the light off state for 1 minutes 36 seconds. This session repeat the all over the EPI scan time, so the total spend time of EPI scan has almost 26 minutes. After acquired EPI data, we performed the analysis of this image data. In this study, we analysis of EPI data using statistical parametric map (SPM) software and performed image pre-processing such as realignment, co-registration, normalization, smoothing of EPI data. The pre-processing of fMRI data have to segmented using this software. However this method has 3 different method which is Gaussian nonparametric, warped modulate, and tissue probability map. In this study we performed the this 3 different method and compared how they can change the result of fMRI analysis results. The result of this study show that LED light stimulation was activate superior colliculus region in mouse brain. And the most higher activated value of segmentation method was using tissue probability map. this study may help to improve brain activation study using EPI and SPM analysis.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2006

본 연구는 표준 경두개 방사선사진에서 나타나는 하악두/관절와의 위치 관계 및 형태 특징과 MRI에서 관찰되는 관절원판의 변위 여부를 비교함으로써 측두하악관절 내장증 평가 시 경두개 방사선사진의 임상적 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구는 성인 환자 76명(남자 26명, 여자 50명)의 113개 악관절을 대상으로 하였다 MRI 자료를 기초로 하여 각 악관절을 정상군, 정복성 관절원판 변위군, 비정복성 관절원판 변위군으로 분류하였으며 최대 감합시의 경두개 방사선사진에서 관절와와 하악두 간의 전방, 후방 및 상방 직선 거리를 계측하여 상대적 위치 평가를 하고 형태적 특징을 판별하기 위해 악관절 경부와 두부간의 각도를 계측하였다. 또한 각 군에 따라 경두개 방사선 계측항목 간에 유의성 있는 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 일원분산분석과 다중비교분석을 시행하였다. 표준 경두개 방사선사진에서 나타나는 관절와와 하악두의 위치 관계는 관절원판 변위 여부 및 진행 정도와 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 또한 하악측두관절 경부와 하악두가 이루는 각도는 비정복성 관절원판 변위군에서 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 이는 하악두각이 악관절 내장증의 진행에 따른 악관절의 구조적인 경조직 변화를 반영한다고 볼 수 있으나 이것에만 근거하여 관절원판 변위 여부를 판단하기에는 근거가 미약하다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2003

Periodontal regeneration therapy with bone-substituting materials has gained favorable clinical efficacy by enhancing osseous regeneration in periodontal bony defect. As bone-substituting materials, bone powder, calcium phosphate ceramic, modified forms of hydroxyapatite, and hard tissue replacement polymer have demonstrated their periodontal bony regenerative potency. Bone-substituting materials should fulfill several requirements such as biocompatibility, osteogenecity, malleability, biodegradability. The purpose of this study was to investigate biocompatibility, osteo-conduction capacity and biodegradability of $Na_2O$, $K_2O$ added calcium metaphosphate(CMP). Beta CMP was obtained by thermal treatment of anhydrous $Ca_2(H_2PO_4)_2$. $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ were added to CMP. The change of weight of pure CMP, $Na_2O$-CMP, and $K_2O$-CMP in Tris-buffer solution and simulated body fluid for 30 days was measured. Twenty four Newzealand white rabbits were used in negative control, positive control(Bio-Oss), pure CMP group, 5% $Na_2$-CMP group, 10% $Na_2O$-CMP goup, and 5% $K_2O$-CMP group. In each group, graft materials were placed in right and left parietal bone defects(diameter 10mm) of rabbit. The animals were sacrificed at 3 months and 6 months after implantation of the graft materials. Degree of biodegradability of $K_2O$ or $Na_2O$ added CMP was greater than that of pure CMP in experimental condition. All experimental sites were healed with no clinical evidence of inflammatory response to all CMP implants. Histologic observations revealed that all CMP grafts were very biocompatible and osseous conductive, and that in $K_2O$-CMP or $Na_2O$-CMP implanted sites, there was biodegradable pattern, and that in site of new bone formation, there was no significant difference between all CMP group and DPBB(Bio-Oss) group. From this result, it was suggested that all experimental CMP group graft materials were able to use as an available bone substitution.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2005

기존의 치과용 핸드피스를 대체할 수 있는 효과적인 치아 삭제 방법인 Er:YAG 레이저를 이용하여 보다 효과적으로 치아를 삭제하기 위해 여러 가지 변수들, 즉 펄스에너지, 조사반복율 및 레이저 조사 동안의 물분사량에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 특히 이 중에서도 물분사량은 삭제 효율이 높이면서 치수를 보호할 수 있는 중요한 요소로 여겨지고 있다. 레이저 조사 동안 분사되는 물의 양이 적으면 치아에 균열이나 탄화를 유발하고 치수손상을 야기할 수 있는 위험이 있는 반면, 물의 양이 지나치게 많으면 삭제효율이 저하되고 레이저 시술동안 치과의사의 시야확보를 방해할 수 있으므로, 조사조건에 따른 가장 적절한 물 분사량을 결정하는 것이 아주 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 특정조사조건에서 치아법랑질 삭제에 가장 효과적인 물분사량을 결정하고, 그 물분사량을 적용하였을 때 치수내에서 발생하는 온도변화를 측정하여 안전성 여부를 함께 평가하고자 하였다. 발거된 건전치아를 표본으로 하여, 20 Hz의 조사반복율, 200 mJ 및 300 mJ의 펄스에너지의 조사조건에서 1.6, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 ml/min의 서로 다른 물분사량을 적용하여 치아삭제 효과를 평가하였다. 이때 레이저 조사시간은 3초로 고정하였다. 삭제효율은 조사 전후의 치아무게를 측정하여 그 차이로 결정하였으며 온도측정을 위해서는 별도의 치아를 준비하여 온도측정장치를 조사측과 반대측의 치수벽에 위치하여 레이저조사 동안의 온도변화를 추적하였다. 실험결과, 200 mJ과 300 mJ 모두에서 1.6 ml/min의 가장 적은 물분사량이 치아삭제효율이 가장 좋았다. 또한 이 조건에서의 온도변화를 측정한 경우에도 치수손상을 일으키지 않을 정도의 미미한 온도상승만을 보여주었다. ANOVA 분석의 결과 조사부위(조사측과 비조사 반대측)에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났으나(p<0.05), 펄스에너지에 따라 각각 비교하였을 때는 유의한 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 그러므로 본 실험의 결과에 따르면, 1.6 ml/min의 비교적 적은 양의 물을 레이저 조사시에 함께 분사해 준다면 200$\sim$300 mJ의 펄스에너지, 20 Hz의 조사반복율, 3초의 레이저조사시간이라는 조건에서는 치수손상을 일으키지 않는 안전한 범위에서 가장 효과적으로 치아를 삭제할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.