• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.160.2-160.2
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• 2005

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 2021

This study aimed to characterize the seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from April to November 2019 and 2020 on Ganghwa-do, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The ticks were collected at grassland, grave site, copse and mountain road using a collection trap method. The ixodid hard ticks comprising three species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) collected were 6,622 in 2019 and 3,811 in 2020. H. longicornis was the most frequent (97.9% in 2019 and 96.0% in 2020), followed by H. flava (2.0% and 3.0% in 2019 and 2020, respectively) and I. nipponensis (less than 0.1%). Our study demonstrated that seasonal patterns of the tick populations examined for two years were totally unsimilar. The hard ticks tested using RT-qPCR were all negative for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.312-324
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• 2022

Purpose: The role of hard-type crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) with particulate bone substitutes in bone regeneration for combined inlay-onlay grafts has not been fully investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of hard-type crosslinked HA used with bone substitute in terms of new bone formation and space maintenance. Methods: A 15-mm-diameter round defect was formed in the calvaria of 30 New Zealand White rabbits. All animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: the control group (spontaneous healing without material, n=10), the biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) graft group (BCP, n=10), and the BCP graft with HA group (BCP/HA, n=10). The animals were evaluated 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Half of the animals from each group were sacrificed at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Samples were evaluated using micro-computed tomography, histology, and histomorphometry. Results: The BCP group showed higher bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) values than the control and BCP/HA groups at both 4 and 12 weeks. The BCP and BCP/HA groups showed higher bone surface/tissue volume (BS/TV) values than the control group at both 4 and 12 weeks. The BCP group showed higher BS/TV values than the control and BCP/HA groups at both 4 and 12 weeks. No statistically significant difference in newly formed bone was found among the 3 groups at 4 weeks. The BCP group showed significantly higher new bone formation than the BCP/HA group at 12 weeks. Conclusions: Hard-type crosslinked HA did not show a positive effect on new bone formation and space maintenance. The negative effect of hard-type crosslinked HA may be due to the physical properties of HA that impede osteogenic potential.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.361-365
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• 2023

오픈 도메인 질의응답 (ODQA, Open-Domain Question Answering)은 주어진 질문에 대한 답을 찾는 작업으로 일반적으로 질문과 관련 있는 지식을 검색 모델(Retrieval)을 통해 찾는 단계와, 찾은 지식에서 문서의 정답을 독해 모델(Reader)을 이용하여 찾는 단계로 구성되어 있다. 본 논문은 기존의 DPR(Dense Passage Retrieval)을 이용한 복수의 검색 모델(Retrieval)만을 계층적으로 사용하여 독해 모델(Reader)을 사용하지 않고 정답 문장을 찾는 방법과 정답 문장을 찾는 데 특화된 검색 모델 학습을 위한 유효한 성능 향상을 보이는 Hard Negative Sampling 기법을 제안한다. 해당 제안기법을 적용한 결과, 동일 조건에서 학습된 검색 - 독해(Retrieval-Reader) 구조의 베이스라인 모델보다 EM에서 12%, F1에서 10%의 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.68-75
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• 2017

This study has a purpose to analyse changes in perception and image about engineering and technology of students who participated in the engineering camp. To achieve this objective, the questions were as follows. 1) What about participants' image difference for engineering before and after participating the engineering camp 2) What about participants' image difference for technology before and after participating the engineering camp. For this study, the program was progressed from Aug in 2017 and the data was collected from 88 students, middle school seniors and high school freshmen. The results of this study were as follows: First, secondary students perceived 'valuable(6.74)', 'meaningful(6.73)', 'rich(6.40)', 'collaborative(6.42)', 'nice(6.22)' as high image rank of the positive response for engineering. On the other hand, 'complex(3.59)', 'labored(3.80)', 'hard(4.66)', 'dangerous(4.48)', 'cold(4.86)' were perceived as low image rank of the negative response for engineering. We can realize that they generally has the image that engineering is valuable, meaningful and nice but also labored, complex and hard. The students who participated in the engineering camp showed the greatest difference in 'complex - simple' and 'dangerous - safe' engineering categories before and after the camp, followed by 'cold - hot', 'labored - easy', and 'hard - soft', respectively. Second, secondary students perceived 'meaningful(6.58)', 'valuable(6.55)', 'wide(6.38)', 'nice(6.37)', 'strong(6.25)' as high image rank of the positive response for technology. On the other hand, 'complex(3.85)', 'labored(3.93)', 'hard(4.62)', 'dangerous(4.72)', 'cold(5.05)' were perceived as low image rank of the negative response for technology. The students who participated in the engineering camp had the big change in 'hard - soft' technology category before and after the camp, followed by 'complex - simple', 'labored - easy', 'theoretical - practical' and 'dangerous - safe', respectively. We can see that the negative images for technology which were complex, labored, dangerous, theoretical was improved with positive image such as simple, easy, safe and practical, after conducting the engineering camp. In conclusion, both image recognitions for engineering and technology have improved after the camp. It means that interesting and entertaining engineering-technology program can boost interests in engineering and technology which felt difficult, so that images about them can be turned out positive. Also, it is possible to reduce avoidance of natural science and engineering subjects, as part of the purpose of training creative talents in science and engineering, so it can be said that the engineering camp is highly meaningful because it can lead students into the field of science and engineering.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2018

In the digital era, news consumption is not confined in geological boundaries. Technological advances bring the instant dissemination of news into life and allow news audience to consume events that occur far away almost in real time. The transmission has blurred the boundary between traditional media and new media, and the one between physical and virtual world. That is, what if a journalist applies news framing to the news translation process? This paper aims to investigate the gap between the ST and the TT created when the source news texts undergo a translation process. To achieve this aim, the appraisal theory developed by White (2003) is employed to identify a difference between the ST and the TT. Furthermore, we have attempted to identify differences between soft news stories and hard news stories while the STs from both news stories are translated into the TTs. Two time-sensitive events, Hugh Grant's marriage and a U.S. and North Korea summit, were selected. The former (a soft news story) is extracted from the Telegraph and the latter (a hard news story) is from the Washington post. As a result, it was found that such strategies as attitude, engagement, and judgment were used when the source news texts from the hard news story are translated into the target news texts. Under the appraisal theory, the strategies involve evaluative language which refers to positive or negative language that judges the worth of entities. In general, it is said that a journalist frames the SS (especially from the hard news story) to convey his ideology to news consumers. Hypothetically, we assume that a similar framing process takes place in deriving the TT from the SS of the hard news story. Thus, we could conclude that the TT from the hard news story differs from the TT from the soft news story and that the difference can be explained within the framework of White's appraisal theory.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.11
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• pp.21-41
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• 2003

This study verified how the salesperson's efforts have an effect upon the result and the self-effect, the competitive mind, the role accuracy, supervisory trust in the important factors that effect the salesperson's efforts. After making up a questionary centering around the large distribution company and analyzing 218 copies, the result are as follows; First, salesperson's working hard has an affirmative effect upon the performance in the salesperson's efforts. Second, the self-effect, the competitive mind, supervisory trust have an affirmative effect in the working hard, and self-effect, supervisory trust have an affirmative effect in the working hard. But the role accuracy has a negative effect. Third, the self-effect, the competitive mind, the role accuracy, and the supervisory trust in the salesperson's performance are ineffectual. But, in the general effect, the self-effect has an affirmative effect and the role accuracy has a negative effect. The individuality and the supervisory trust don't have an effect upon the performance but the effect can rise through the salesperson's efforts, Therefore company should give salespersons the chance they can work hard, and would provide them the concrete aim rather than say to work hard only.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.2 s.141
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• pp.159-162
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• 1981

The author devised a simple technique for duplicating occlusal contour of natural teeth on the prepared abutments using hard stone index obtained from the study cast of natural teeth. Throughout this author devised method, the following advantages are studied. Firstly the dentist can obtain an ideal occlusal wax patterns which have arrived at the physiologic state through a long period of adjustment to various habits and functional movements. Secondly the construction procedure is simple, and thirdly it is easy to adjust wax pattern of nomal natural teeth which duplication is required.