• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2005

Recently, it has been observed in the East Sea that temperature increases below the thermocline, and dissolved oxygen increase in the intermediate layer but decrease below it. The layer of minimum dissolved oxygen deepens and the bottom homogeneous layer in oxygen becomes thinner. It emerges very probably that these changes are induced by the mode change of deep water formation associated with global warming. To further support this hypothesis, a one-dimensional model experiment is performed. First, a thermal profile is obtained by injecting a cold and high oxygen deep water into the bottom layer, say the bottom mode. Then, two thermal profiles are obtained from the bottom mode profile by assuming that either all the deep water introduce into the intermediate layer has been initiated, say the intermediate mode, or that only a part of the deep water has been initiated into the intermediate layer, say the intermediate-bottom mode. The results, from the intermediate-bottom mode experiment are closest to the observed results. They show quite well the tendency for oxygen to increase in the intermediate layer and the simultaneous thinning of the bottom homogeneous layer in oxygen. Therefore, it can be said that the recently observed slow variation of the thermal structure might be associated with changes in the deep water formation from the bottom mode to the intermediate-bottom mode.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

기존 월파량 산정식의 대부분은 파랑이 구조물에 직각으로 입사하는 조건에 대한 산정식으로서 경사입사파에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 또한 경사입사파 조건의 경우에도 상대적으로 짧은 모형을 실험에 적용함에 따라 경사입사파 내습시 구조물을 따라서 진행하는 파랑에 의한 월파를 고려할 수 없었으며, 단지 입사각에 따른 월파량 저감효과를 고려할 수 있는 월파량 저감계수(${\gamma}_{\beta}$)를 도입한 월파량 산정식을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 경사입사파 내습시 구조물 전면을 따라 진행하는 파에 의한 월파, 즉 월파의 공간적인 분포를 고려한 월파량 저감계수를 평면 수리실험을 통하여 제시하였다. 산정된 월파량 저감계수는 EurOtop(2007)에서 제시된 결과와 비교하였으며, 입사각이 $45^{\circ}$ 이상인 조건에 대해 EurOtop(2007)에서 제시한 월파량 저감계수를 개선하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.883-890
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• 2016

Marine sediments are a microbial biosphere with an unknown physiology, and the sediments harbor numerous distinct phylogenetic lineages of Bacteria and Archaea that are at present uncultured. In this study, the structure of the archaeal and bacterial communities was investigated in the surface and subsurface sediments of Jeju Island using a next-generation sequencing method. The microbial communities in the surface sediments were distinct from those in the subsurface sediments; the relative abundance of sequences for Thaumarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were higher in the surface than subsurface sediments, whereas the sequences for Euryarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deltaproteobacteria were relatively more abundant in the subsurface than surface sediments. This study presents detailed characterization of the spatial distribution of benthic microbial communities of Jeju Island and provides fundamental information on the potential interactions mediated by microorganisms with the different biogeochemical cycles in coastal sediments.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.917-920
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 태풍 "매미" 당시 해일로 인해 가장 큰 피해를 입었던 마산만 지역을 중심으로 태풍모형을 재현하여 이때 발생하는 최고극조위를 계산한 후 실제 최고극조위와의 비교분석을 실시하고 또한 최고극조위에 따른 최대범람구역을 산정하여 실제 범람구역과 비교분석함으로 태풍모형의 정확도를 분석하여 향후 태풍모형에 따른 조위 변화등을 예측함으로써 안정적인 항만구조물설계가 이루어 질 수 있도록 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 연구목적이 있다.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2001

In the case of the non-proportionally damped system such as the soil-structure interaction system, the structural control system and composite structures, the eigenproblem with the damping matrix should be necessarily performed to obtain the exact dynamic response. However, most of the eigenvalue analysis methods such as the subspace iteration method and the Lanczos method may miss some eigenvalues in the required ones. Therefore, the eigenvalue analysis method must include a technique to check the missed eigenvalues to become the practical tools. In the case of the undamped or proportionally damped system the missed eigenvalues can easily be checked by using the well-known Sturm sequence property, while in the case of the non-proportionally damped system a checking technique has not been developed yet. In this paper, a technique of checking the missed eigenvalues for the eigenproblem with the damping matrix is proposed by applying the argument principle. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two numerical examples are considered.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2008

Many therapeutic glycoproteins have been successfully generated in plants. Plants have advantages regarding practical and economic concerns, and safety of protein production over other existing systems. However, plants are not ideal expression systems for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, due to the fact that they are incapable of the authentic human N-glycosylation process. The majority of therapeutic proteins are glycoproteins which harbor N-glycans, which are often essential for their stability, folding, and biological activity. Thus, several glyco-engineering strategies have emerged for the tailor-making of N-glycosylation in plants, including glycoprotein subcellular targeting, the inhibition of plant specific glycosyltranferases, or the addition of human specific glycosyltransferases. This article focuses on plant N-glycosylation structure, glycosylation variation in plant cell, plant expression system of glycoproteins, and impact of glycosylation on immunological function. Furthermore, plant glyco-engineering techniques currently being developed to overcome the limitations of plant expression systems in the production of therapeutic glycoproteins will be discussed in this review.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2015

The intron has been a big biological mystery since it was first discovered in several aspects. First, all of the completely sequenced eukaryotes harbor introns in the genomic structure, whereas no prokaryotes identified so far carry introns. Second, the amount of total introns varies in different species. Third, the length and number of introns vary in different genes, even within the same species genome. Fourth, all introns are copied into RNAs by transcription and DNAs by replication processes, but intron sequences do not participate in protein-coding sequences. The existence of introns in the genome should be a burden to some cells, because cells have to consume a great deal of energy to copy and excise them exactly at the correct positions with the help of complicated spliceosomal machineries. The existence throughout the long evolutionary history is explained, only if selective advantages of carrying introns are assumed to be given to cells to overcome the negative effect of introns. In that regard, we summarize previous research about the functional roles or benefits of introns. Additionally, several other studies strongly suggesting that introns should not be junk will be introduced.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.613-620
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• 2002

Sand Compaction Pile(SCP) is a soil improvement method that a sand charge is introduced into the pipe, and the pipe is withdrawn part away while the sand pile is compacted and its diameter is enlarged. The sand used in this method should be of good quality. In Korea, crushed stone and washed sea sand are used frequently in SCP. However, use of these materials is restricted because of environmental problem and deficiency of supply. In the copper smelting process, about 0.7 million tons of copper slag are produced in Korea. The range of particle size distribution of copper slag is from 0.15mm to 5mm, so it can be a substitute for sand, and the relatively high specific gravity compared with the sand, is its characteristic. Copper slag is hyaline and so stable environmentally that in foreign country, such as Japan, Germany etc., it is widely used in harbor, revetment and offshore structure construction works. Therefore, in this study, the several laboratory tests were peformed to evaluate the applicability of copper slag as a substitute for sand of SCP. From the mechanical property test, the characteristics of sand and copper slag were compared and analyzed, and from laboratory model test, the strength of composite ground was compared and analyzed by monitoring the stress and ground settlement of clay, SCP and copper slag compaction pile. Specially, this study focused on the application of copper slag as sand substitute in SCP pilot tests based on laboratory tests results.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2017

Recently, a new port reserves deep water depth for safe navigation and mooring, following the trend of larger ship building. Larger port facilities include long and huge breakwaters, and mainly adopt vertical type considering low construction cost. A vertical breakwater creates stem waves combining inclined incident waves and reflected waves, and this causes maneuvering difficulty to the passing vessels, and erosion of shoreline with additional damages to berthing facilities. Thus, in this study, the researchers have investigated the response of stem waves at the vertical breakwater near the entrance channel and applied numerical models, which are commonly used for the analysis of wave response at the harbor design. The basic equation composing models here adopted both the linear parabolic approximation adding the nonlinear dispersion relationship and nonlinear parabolic approximation adding a linear dispersion relationship. To analyze the applicability of both models, the research compared the numerical results with the existing hydraulic model results. The gap of serial breakwaters and aligned angles caused more complicated stem wave generation and secondary stem wave was found through the breakwater gap. Those analyzed results should be applied to ship handling simulation studies at the approaching channels, along with the mooring test.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제35권
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• pp.155-184
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• 2014

The present study aims at exploring in detail the Buddhist worldview and aesthetics of humor in Jo O-hyeon's literary works. This includes the same context as an elucidation of the ways in which his poems closely correspond in expressive forms and thematic contents. It is because, in Jo's literary world, where short poems and prose poems form a contrast, the expressive forms and thematic contents sharply differ depending on the ways in which prajnapti (provisional designation) is either foregrounded or backgrounded. In his literary world, when such a view of language and a worldview based on prajnapti are foregrounded, works that either inherit or play a variation on the fixed structure of the sijo emerge; and when they recede to the rear and are backgrounded, verses in the form of the prose poem are formulated. In addition, in Jo's literary works, where such a worldview of prajnapti and an aesthetics of secular humor intersect together, the thoughts on bheda-abheda(difference-non-difference) and the madhyama-pratipad (middle way) are formed. Such thoughts have considerable significance because they not only harbor a possibility of deconstructing and overcoming the opposition of the sacred/profane but also present a vision of a new unity.