• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.667-672
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• 2011

This study was carried out to increase the breeding rate using sustained recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and examine the reproductive disorder and disease prevalencies of cow and calf, respectively. Sixty cows were allotted randomly to three groups in randomized complete block design; (1) No treatment, (2) 500 mg bST two times + 250 mg bST SC injection five times from 3 weeks before to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks, (3) 500 mg bST two times before 3 weeks parturition + 250 mg bST SC injection three times from five to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks. Developmental data of birth weight, weaning weight, total gain and average daily gain in control was $22.9{\mu}0.45$ kg, $88.0{\mu}1.13$ kg, $65.1{\mu}0.74$ kg and $0.54{\mu}0.08$ kg, respectively. There is no significant difference between Group 1 and 3 in the examined factors. However, there is significant difference between Group 1 and 2 in the birth weight ($24.4{\mu}0.88$ kg), weaning weight ($101.0{\mu}1.77$ kg), total gain ($76.7{\mu}0.9$ kg) and average daily gain ($76.7{\mu}0.9$ kg). Total gain was showed higher in Group 2 and 3 than Group 1 in the >2nd parity, and in Group 2 than Group 1 and 3 in the 1st parity. There is no significant difference in the BCS, no return days and disease occurrence of cow and calf by bST treatment. Number of service per conception was slightly increased in the Group 3 compared to Group 1 and 2. To increase the breeding ability of Hanwoo, it is recommended that 500 mg bST two times + 250 mg bST injection five times from 3 weeks before to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.864-876
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• 2000

This paper proposes a new scene boundary detection scheme for the MPEG System stream using MPEG Audio information and proves its usefulness by extensive experiments. A scene boundary has a characteristic that the audio as well as video information are changed rapidly. This paper first classifies this scene boundary into three cases ; Radical, Gradual, Micro Changes, with respect to the audio changes. The Radical change has a large-scale changing of decibel value and pitch value at a scene boundary, the Gradual change shows the long-time transition of decibel and pitch values from max to min or vice versa, and the Micro change displays a some change of pitch or frequency distribution without decibel changes. Upon this analysis, a new scene change detection algorithm detecting these three cases is proposed in which a progressive window with a time line is used to trace the changes in the audio information. Some experiments with various movies show that proposed algorithm could produce a high detection ratio for Radical change that is the most popular scene change in the movies, while producing a moderate detection ratio for Gradual and Micro changes. The proposed scene boundary detection scheme could be used to build a database for visual information like MPEG System stream.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.720-734
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• 2023

In Korea, Korea Proven Bulls (KPN) program has been well-developed. Breeding and evaluation of cows are also an essential factor to increase earnings and genetic gain. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cow breeding value by using three methods (pedigree index [PI], pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction [PBLUP], and genomic-BLUP [GBLUP]). The reference population (n = 16,971) was used to estimate breeding values for 481 females as a test population. The accuracy of GBLUP was 0.63, 0.66, 0.62 and 0.63 for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back-fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS), respectively. As for the PBLUP method, accuracy of prediction was 0.43 for CWT, 0.45 for EMA, 0.43 for MS, and 0.44 for BFT. Accuracy of PI method was the lowest (0.28 to 0.29 for carcass traits). The increase by approximate 20% in accuracy of GBLUP method than other methods could be because genomic information may explain Mendelian sampling error that pedigree information cannot detect. Bias can cause reducing accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) for selected animals. Regression coefficient between true breeding value (TBV) and GBLUP EBV, PBLUP EBV, and PI EBV were 0.78, 0.625, and 0.35, respectively for CWT. This showed that genomic EBV (GEBV) is less biased than PBLUP and PI EBV in this study. In addition, number of effective chromosome segments (M_e) statistic that indicates the independent loci is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of BLUP. The correlation between M_e and the accuracy of GBLUP is related to the genetic relationship between reference and test population. The correlations between M_e and accuracy were -0.74 in CWT, -0.75 in EMA, -0.73 in MS, and -0.75 in BF, which were strongly negative. These results proved that the estimation of genetic ability using genomic data is the most effective, and the smaller the M_e, the higher the accuracy of EBV.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.403-410
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the general prepartum behavioral ethogram of Bos taurus coreanae (Hanwoo cow). In this study, 4 pregnant cows were placed in a separate area. We recorded the behaviors of the cows using time lapse VCR for 48 hours and analyzed behaviors with the scan point sampling method. We observed maintenance behaviors, social behaviors and ingestion behaviors. During the observation period, the time budgets of behaviors in order of frequency were LD(lying down, 38.2%), ST(standing, 24.7%), EA(eating, 10.7%), WA(walking, 7.2%), LR(lying down rumination, 5.6%), SR(standing rumination, 3.3%), TW(tail wagging, 3.1%) and SG(self grooming, 1.8%). The time budgets of the other behaviors such as PG(pairwise grooming), FC(fly catching) were negligible (<1%).

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of superovulation response and efficiency of embryo production induced with injection of FSH dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG) in Hanwoo. Eighty-eight cows were divided into four groups. In group 1, cattle were intramuscularly treated with twice-daily administration of 50mg FSH for 4 days. Group 2 and 3 were subcutaneously single injection of 400mg and 200mg FSH dissolved in 30% PEG, respectively. Group 4 were subcutaneously single injection of 200 mg FSH dissolved in 30% PEG at 7 day after CIDR insertion. The number of corpus luteum (CL) in group 2 resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to group 1, 3 and 4 (18.5 vs. 11.2, 13.1 and 13.9, respectively). However, the number of total ova $(7.9{\sim}10.4)$, transferable embryos $(3.7{\sim}4.7)$, degenerate embryos $(1.9{\sim}3.5)$ and unfertilized ova $(1.8{\sim}2.7)$ did not differ among treatment groups. No difference was observed in pregnancy rate after transferring the recovered embryos among groups $(36.0{\sim}50.0%)$. In addition, blood progesterone concentrations at embryo recovery did not differ among all groups. In conclusion, although no differences were observed in the number of total ova, transferable embryos and pregnancy rate after transfer, a single injection of reduced dose of FSH (200mg FSH) at 7 day after CIDR insertion is more practical for superovulation treatments than frequent injection because of reduction of stress in Hanwoo and decreases of cost and laber.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of multiple superovulation and parity on embryo production in Hanwoo cows. Donors were superovulate 4 times $1\~2$ months interval and inserted CIDR plus (with the capsule of estradiol benzoate 10mg) on Day 10 from standing heat for 9 days and injected 2.5ml FSH (Antorin R-10) 2 times in a day on 6th day to 10th day from insertion of CIDR and the doses of FSH were decreasing 0.5ml on every 2 times. On 3th day of FSH injection, 25ml $PGF_2{\alpha}$ were injected i.m. and on 4th day, CIDR was removed. After 2 days from removing CIDR, AI was performed 2 times 12 hour apart with 2 straws of Korean Proved frozen Semen and simultaneously 200ug/ml GnRH was injected and embryos were recovered on 7th day from Al. The response rates of superovulated donors were $85.7\%,\;90.5\%,\;62.5\%,\;100\%$ from 1 to 4 times of superovulation, respectively. There were significant differences among No. of superovulation times (P<0.05). The results of transferable embryos were 3.7, 3.4, 3.4, 5.7 from 1 to 4 times of superovualtion, respectively. There were no differences among No. of superovulation times. The results of transferable embryos were 2.5, 3.0, 5.3, 3.0, 3.4 form heifer, first born to 4 the born, respectively. There were significant differences among the parities of donors (P<0.05). These results suggested that even 4 times of superovulations of Hanwoo donors could be able to recover transferable embryos, it might be used the donors maximally and improved the adaptation of embryo transfer to farms safely.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.77-92
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the carcass characteristics and the primal cut yields from carcasses according to the sex of Hanwoo. Experimental animals comprised of 80 cows, 29 bulls, and 71 steers. After slaughtering, they were evaluated to estimate the productivity of carcass components by market weight, and to predict the beef carcass yield. The average of fasting weight of cow, bull and steer were 634.75 kg, 721.86 kg, and 754.10 kg respectively. Market weight of Hanwoo at cold carcass weight, primal lean cut weight, sub-primal lean cut weight, bone weight and fat weight were 381.01~467.60 kg, 240.79~310.36 kg, 208.27~276.47 kg, 57.23~76.28 kg and 89.19~138.97 kg respectively. Body measurement traits had side length, hindquarter length, cervical vertebrae length, lumbar vertebrae length, sacral vertebrae length, 6th lumbar vertebrae~heel length, 5~6th thoracic vertebrae breadth, 4~5th lumbar vertebrae breadth, 5th sacral vertebrae breadth, 7~8th thoracic vertebrae girth and 7~8th thoracic vertebrae thick were highest length in steer. Carcass weight (CW) were significantly (p<0.05) affected by sex and live weight. The lean meat percentage, fat percentage and bone percentage based on the weight of cold carcasses were significantly different (p<0.05) between sex groups. The primal cuts rate for deungsim, moksim, abdari, udun, suldo, yangjee and satae were higher in bulls than those of the caws and steers. The carcass by-product weight rate in steer had lower oxtail and rib cartilage than cow and bull, while cow showed lower beef leg bones and jappyeo than bull steer (p<0.05). Body measurement traits was always important for primal cut weight estimates.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 1998

A survey was carried out to investigate the effect of the herd size on the reproductive traits of Hanwoo(Korean native cows). Data on the reproductive traits of 670 Korean native cows were collected from January, 1996 to December, 1997 and analyzed by the herd size. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The average ages at first breeding were 437.9, 425.5 and 452.9 days in herd size 1 (less than 20 heads), 2 (21∼50 heads) and 3 (more than 51 heads), respectively (the over all average was 443.0 days). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 2. The average ages at first conception were 452.8, 438.4 and 467.1 days in herd size 1, 2 and 3, respectively (the over all average was 460.0 days). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 3. The average ages at first calving were 741.2, 730.2 and 755.9 days in herd size 1, 2 and 3, respectively (the over all average was 746.6 days). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 4. The average days to first estrus after calving was 70.1 days and it was shortest in herd size 3 (64.8 days) and longest in herd size 1(82.1 days). 5. The average numbers of services per conception were 1.54, 1.61 and 1.48 in herd size 1, 2, and 3, respectively (the over all average was 1.53). However, there was no significant difference between herd sizes (p＞0.05). 6. The average days to first conception after calving were 115.6, 99.1 and 80.6 days in herd size 1, 2 and 3, respectively (the over all average was 91.2 days). There was a trend that it was shorter as the herd size increased(p＜0.05). 7. The average length of calving interval was 375.3 days and it was shortest in herd size 3 (367. 4 days) and longest in herd size 1 (389.5 days).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bST treatment on embryo recovery and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Donor cows were superovulated with Folltropin-V and PGF$_2$$\alpha$ combination method and then inseminated with frozen semen 3 times 12 hrs interval. Donor and recipient cows were assigned to control and bST group, of which was given a single injection of bST (500 mg, im) at insemination or estrus detection. Embryo collection of superovulated cows were flushed nonsurgical method at 7 to 8 days after artificial insemination. The percentare and Mean$\pm$S.E. of transferable embryo was not significantly different between control and bST treatment (72.8%/5.9$\pm$4.5 vs. 83.7%15.1 $\pm$ 1.6). The percentage and Mean$\pm$S.E. of transferable embryo in non-summer season was significantly higher than in summer (81.8%/5.4$\pm$2.1 vs. 68.7%14.774.6; P<0.05). The pregnancy rate after embryo transfer in bST treatment was significantly higher than in control (64.0 vs. 47.1%; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between summer and non-summer (51.6 vs. 61.5%; P>0.05). The results indicated that InST treatment in recipient cows could improve the efficiency of transferable embryo production and pregnancy rate after embryo transfer, and non-summer season may be better far superovulation treatment and embryo transfer.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

The increase in the meat quality and milk production of cows, which breed Korean Native Cow (KNC) and Holstein cow, is not improving reproductive efficiency. In this study, we examined the effect of interferon (IFN) supplementation on motility of frozen-thawed semen and pregnancy rate after artificial insemination of KNC and Holstein cow. In experiment 1, we investigated the effect of IFN-tau concentration (10,000 IU and 20,000 IU) on the percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. In experiment 2, KNC were infused 20,000 IU IFN-tau at insemination or after insemination. In experiment 3, KNC or Holstein cow were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and infused 20,000 IU IFN-gamma or -tau after insemination. In experiment 1, the average of TM (23.9% to 30.9%) and PM (18.5% to 21.9%) were similar between control and treatments. In experiment 2, the pregnancy rates of IFN infusing times were not different from 45.8% to 53.6%. In experiment 3, the pregnancy rates of Holstein cow infused different kinds of IFN were similar (control, IFN-gamma, IFN-tau; 42.9%, 40.5%, 48.0%). In the case of KNC, however, the pregnancy rate of control was 55.6%, which was significantly lower than that of IFN-gamma (68.9%; p<0.05). Thus, IFN is effective on the improvement of reproductive efficiency, but further study is needed.