• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to design wedding dress by using Korean paper(Hanji). The Korean paper showed the good(excellent) properties of durability, softness, and tensile strength was 3.7Kg, tear index was 6 mN$.$$m_2$/g and folding numbers was 466. The appreance of Hanji was widely varied by blending(mixing) with other materials and various effects, pleating, crumpling, twisting and so on were achieved. The dress silhouette and form transformation of Hanji was very easy. Detailed points those are frill, pleats, gather, bow, paper casting, pin tuck for wedding dress were able to express easily. Hanji wedding dress has the natural texture because of natural properties of Hanji and that is echo friendly products.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.121-154
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• 2014

This study explores standardization plans concerning industrialization of Hanjii which is traditional culture resources of rural community. Hanji is very useful in many ways, and its usefulness is not confined to only paper. In other words, it comes to have architectural uses, agricultural uses, clothing uses, and medical uses through fusion and convergence. However, the expansion of Hanji market dose not lead to profits for related stake holders because its standardization is not nurtured yet. For standardization, this paper argues, first, a industrial definition of Hanji is needed in which Hanji's own characteristics is involved. Besides maintaining traditional characteristics, the definition and quality standards of Hanji needs to be established by considering a given condition of Hanji industy. Second, a satisfactory method to measure Hanji's own material characteristics(i.g., mulberry paper content and long-term sustainability), which affects Hanji's quality, needs to be developed and standardized. Third, a government standard is urgently needed in order to keep consumers from being confused when they select Hanji products. The standardization of Hanji products and technology needs to be established in both case of current Hanji market and newly developed products and technology.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.33-37
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• 2009

Hanji is a traditional Korean handmade paper, made of bast fibers of the paper mulberry. Its fiber furnish is much more expensive than wood fiber furnish. Hanji with a low basis weight requires additional opacity and smoothness for better writing and printing. Filler such as calcium carbonate can not be used to raise the opacity of Hanji because of its low retention in low basis weight paper and the high freeness of the Hanji fiber furnish. Addition of red algae pulp, which is prepared from marine red algae to the Hanji fiber furnish negated retention problems happening in the case of mineral filler addition, and produced a substantial improvement in the opacity and smoothness of Hanji. The higher retention was due to the much larger size of the red algae fibers compared to the mineral fillers. The improvement in opacity and smoothness were also due to the shape of the red algae fibers: that red algae fibers are narrower in widths and shorter in lengths than wood fibers results in increased surface area and smoothness.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.58-66
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• 2010

The Annals of beeswax applied-Joseon Dynasty have some serious damages such as cracks, brown, red or black spots, and discolorations by chemical and biological degradation, but others without any beeswax application have still been keeping good quality during over several hundred years. It would be convinced that the beeswax applied in the Annals resulted in these deteriorations. Therefore, in order to focus on the aging mechanism and conservation techniques for the beeswax-applied Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the beeswax applying and dewaxing techniques of Hanji were tried by auto bar coater with a hot plate, and by heat-pressure sensitive extracting treatments. The ageing behaviors of beeswaxed Hanji and dewaxed Hanji were investigated by measuring the changes of physical, optical, morphological, and chemical properties, through accelerated ageing treatment in dry oven at $150^{\circ}C$ during 48 hours. Consequently, the ageing actions of beeswaxed Hanji were even faster than that of Hanji. The optimum dewaxed amounts from beeswaxed Hanji was also obtained in pressure of $40\;kg_f$ under heating conditions.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.73-79
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• 2011

The annals of Joseon Dynasty is one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. For the safety preservation of wax applied volumes of the annals of Joseon Dynasty, the aging behavior of beeswax and beeswaxed Hanji with $CO_2$, $O_3$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ gas has been evaluated. The weight loss of beeswaxed Hanji after aging under ozone gas were increased because of strong acidity of ozone. The acid value and relative intensity of carbonyl groups in beeswax were stabilized with aging time. The physical strength of dewaxed Hanji after ozone aging were rapidly decreased by aging time. The crystallinity of dewaxed Hanji were stabilized at all aging times.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the Hanji which had been used for movable types printing volumes of the Joseon Dynasty. A total 29 volumes which had printed with metal and wooden movable types, were examined on the physical properties, fiber morphology, and color reactions. The grammage of all of the Hanji which had been used for movable types printing volumes were $13.10-51.65g/m^2$ and on the average was $25g/m^2$. The apparent density of the Hanji was $0.23-1.65g/cm^3$ and on the average was $0.4g/cm^3$. In almost all movable types printing volumes, the Hanji had undergone Dochim which is a processing of printability improvement. Through the examination on fiber morphology and color reactions, Hanji was investigated into that all of those were made from paper mulberry bast fiber.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility for the coffee filter paper of Hanji. In this study, the samples for Hanji filter papers were prepared with three different mulberry fiber contents of 10, 30 and 50%(w/w). Surface brightness and apparent density of hand-made Hanji decreased with increasing mulberry fiber contents. However, values of thickness, tensile strength, wet tensile strength, burst strength, and folding endurance for hand-made Hanji increased by increasing the contents of mulberry fibers due to fiber-to-fiber bonding. The results of the coffee extraction test using the developed filter papers showed no significant differences between commercial filter paper and Hanji filter paper. Therefore, Hanji filter paper containing more than 30%(w/w) mulberry fiber may have potential uses for the dripped coffee filter application from a physical property point of view.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop the automation bark peeling process of paper mulberry for making Hanji. Nowadays, almost raw material has been imported from south-east asia for making Hanji. Raw material dependence is very high for Hanji-making by low productivity in korea. This study is focused on the resolution for problem of bark peeling automation. Water and sand jet of compressed air was possible bark peeling for black bast fiber. The effect of removing black bast fiber increased the longer the steaming time. Also using drum of bark peeling showed that results under temperature $80^{\circ}C$ and Rpm 50/min were best bark peeling and separating bast fiber from stem. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, ethanol-benzene extractives, and ash were 91.63~95.55%, 1.4~2.0%, 1.12~1.65%, and 1.4~4.3%, respectively. Chemical characteristics are similar between imported raw-material with drum bark.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2004

Hanji costumes has four aspects that allow the creator or artist to create many variations. The pictorial effects of Hanji costumes are produced through variations in the dyes and brushes used for its application. The amount of water and texture of the Hanji mixture also influences the Hanji clothing. This effect was expressed using a dry brush technique, a dripping technique, India inks, and fragments from other Hanji works. A second aspect of Hanji clothing is the coloring effect in the Hanji costumes. The coloring is due to the fibers in the preparation mixture and the uniqueness of the dyes. The Hanji clothing was dyed various colors and patterns by dip dyeing, block dyeing, silk screens, digital printing. The third aspect of Hanji imagination in clothing is the decorative details. The details in Hanji clothing can be seen using frills, pleats, tucks and ribbons. The last variation of Hanji clothing can be expressed through crafting techniques. These techniques are the quality of paper string, cuts in the paper and paste ingredients. With Hanji cloth, it is possible to plait, roll, and crample into other flexible & useful materials.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The utilization of non-woody fibers with the fast growing annual plants has occurred in the paper industry to replace wood and preserve environment of the earth. The non-woody fibers generally used for papermaking are paper mulberry, gampi, manila hemp, rice straw, bamboo, and coton linter etc.. Recently Kenaf has been spot-lighted for the same application. Kenaf is an annual plant of Hibiscus species of Malvaceae family. Kenaf, a rapid growing and high harvesting non-woody fiber plant, was identified as one of the promising fiber sources for the production of paper pulp. This study was carried out to investigate the pulping characteristics of Kenaf bast fiber for Hanji (traditional Korean paper) manufacturing by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulpings. It was possible to make superior grade of Hanji. Especially sulfomethylated pulping was resulted in superior pulp in terms of higher yields and qualities in comparison to those of the other pulping methods. Hanji from sulfomethylated pulp was shown the highest brightness of over 60% and higher sheet strength. In addition, the morphological features of pulp fibers (pulp compositions) affect to the sheet properties. Therefore the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI) which was calculated from the data of Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) on the sheet properties of Kenaf Hanji was also discussed.