• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

Paper records were generally degraded by some factors from atmospheric environments, like temperature, relative humidity or air pollutants. In this study, the degradation behavior of paper records by single or mixed gases of $NO_2$, $SO_2$, HCHO and TVOC was evaluated. The mechanical, optical and chemical properties of 4 kinds of paper (acid and neutral-based printing paper, traditional Hanji, and filter paper) were directly and indirectly affected by gaseous harmful materials. The brightness and $L^*$ value in all papers were slightly increased by accelerated aging under gaseous HCHO and TVOCs, but highly decreased by conditions under gases $NO_2$ and $SO_2$. The optical properties of paper records were most vulnerable in acid-based paper and high stable in filter paper and traditional Hanji by air pollutant degradation. The aging treatments under mixed gas pollutants including $NO_2$ resulted in decrease of physical, mechanical and optical properties of paper, so it was supposed that the concentration of $NO_2$ gas would be strictly controlled for optimum indoor air quality management in domestic storage centers for paper records.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.255-269
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 1900년대 이후 근대 한지로 작성된 기록물의 상태를 가능한 빠르게 확인할 수 있는 도구를 연구하고자 비파괴적인 방법으로 분석을 실시하였다. 종이 기록물의 경우 그 자체가 원본임으로 파괴적인 방법으로 분석할 수 없는 한계를 극복하고자 원본을 파괴하지 않고 상태를 확인할 수 있는 방법을 개발하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 본 연구 목적에 적합한 비파괴 분석을 위해 근적외선 분석 장비 중에서 정밀도와 정확도가 좋은 푸리에 변환(Fourier transform) 분석기(spectrometer)를 사용하였다. 또한 측정 대역은 근적외선(NIR) 전체 영역 모두를 측정할 수 있도록 $12,500{\sim}4,000cm^{-1}$ 범위에서 측정하였으며, 분석 대상 한지 기록물을 측정하기 위하여 적분구(integrating sphere)에 접촉하도록 구성 하였다. 한지 기록물의 보존상태를 평가하기 위한 인자로는 화학적 변화 정도를 가장 잘 알 수 있는 산성도(pH)를 사용하였다. 그리고 이들 인자와 근적외선 스펙트럼과 상관관계를 확인하였고, 이때 최적 상관계수를 찾기 위하여 측정한 스펙트럼을 전처리 하였다. 전처리 방법으로는 다산란보정(MSC)과 Savitzky-Golay의 1차 미분을 이용하였다. 상관계수는 부분최소자승법(PLS, Partial least square)으로 확인하였다. 산성도(pH)의 경우에 전처리를 하지 않았을 때의 상관계수($R^2$)는 0.92, 표준예측오차(SEP)는 0.24이었고, 전처리를 하였을 때의 상관계수($R^2$)는 0.98, 표준예측오차(SEP)는 0.19 이었다. 따라서 전처리하였을 때 상관계수와 표준오차가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 1차 미분을 하였을 때의 상관계수($R^2$)는 0.98, 표준예측오차(SEP)는 0.09로써 가장 좋은 표준 예측오차를 얻었다. 따라서 전처리하기 전의 상관계수와 표준오차가 오히려 좋다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 한지 기록물을 적분구와 근적외선 분석기를 이용하여 비파괴적인 방법으로 보다 빠르게 상태를 평가할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2013

The traditional Hanji-making was confronted with lots of industrial disadvantages and economic problems, due to the original hand-made process. Recently, the studies on the automation of overall Hanji manufacturing process is carried out by applying the commercial chemical pulping method in order to expand industrial application or efficiency of non-wood fibrous materials. However, the application of commercial pulping methods to the bast tissues of paper mulberry leads to the chemical and mechanical deterioration of cellulosic fibers. In this study, the optimal cooking method using the bast parts of paper mulberry produced by an auto-scraping device was applied to minimize the damage of fiber strength for the paper yarn manufacture. The pre-steaming treatment and alkaline pulping systems were evaluated in removal efficiency of lignin and pectin materials within the bast tissue of paper mulberry. With the application of pre-steaming treatment and 2 stage pulping system using potassium carbonate and then sodium hydroxide, kappa values were decreased two times more in lignin removal than the single stage of pulping method. It was also identified from SEM images and ATR-FTIR spectra that the pectin components within cellular structure of bast tissue were easily removed and the debarked bast parts by a auto-scraping device were easily defiberized by 2-stage pulping sequence using potassium carbonate/sodium hydroxide pulping system.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

The annals of Joseon Dynasty designated as a national treasure No. 151 and a UNESCO World Memory are among the greatest archives that should be preserved permanently and inherited to future generations through the proven scientific conservation method. The annals of Joseon Dynasty in the custody of the National Archives of Korea as the sole original archive, has been restricted from the direct physical and chemical approaches. In this study, it is to develop a systematic conservation management scheme, based on the conservation state of the annals. Four books from the annals were selected out of 848 books and their moisture contents and optical property profiles were measured through the books. All the defects previously and newly found were pictured in 10~100 magnifications. The wire marks left on the Hanji's of the annals were analyzed. It was found that water damages and paper molds were prevalent in all four annals selected, and it was recommended to conduct more research for the conservation of those damaged areas. It turned out that various qualities of Hanji's were used for the time of publishing the annals because moisture content, optical properties, and wire mark intervals were quite different between papers even within one book.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1999

Anatomical and chemical properties of three mulberry species (Morus spp) were analyzed as an alternative row material for the paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki) . The pulping and papermaing characteristics of bast fiber and whole stalks by three different pulping processes, conventional alkali, alkali-hydrogen peroxide, and sulfomethylated, for the Hanji were investigated. The fiber dimension of M.bombycis was the biggest of the species. The fiber length of upper part and the fiber width and cell wall thickness of lower part were bigger than the others. The extractives and ash contents of bast fiber were higher than those of whole stalk , and holocellulose and lignin contents of whole stalk were higher than those of bast fiber. The pulp yields of M.alba bast fiber, M.bombycis whole stalk, and sufomethylated pulping were higher than the others.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2011

This research was performed to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of Chanhoji manufactured with the traditional method. This research would provide a basic information for its application in the manufacture of Korean-style house. A piece of Changhoji was manufactured to have a weight of 3.75 g. The weight was increased with the basic weight and no increase was not found on its density. The strength properties of Changhoji are superior to a copying paper, and the quality showed the first grade in Korean Standard (KS M 7301). The air resistance varied with the thickness from 2 to 19 seconds, but it showed better performance than a copying paper having 38 seconds. This research would be used for the practical use in understanding the ventilation and lightening properties of windows and doors in Korean-style house.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

This study is focused on the debarking and xylem separation yield of Paper Mulberry. We investigated the most efficient manual on the automatic debarking and xylem separator machine. The bast tissues of Paper Mulberry were separated in three layers including black outer layer, green inner layer, and white inner layer. A target is to save the white inner layer of these three layers as much as possible. The experimental machine most characterize xylem separation and debarking by frictional force between the bulges and Paper Mulberry by the drum rotation. It is possible automatically to operate the machine by controlling the temperature sensor and the time. Debarking process can be know that removed black outer layer has beem accumulate and measured the weight. The content of the extract, holocellulose, lignin and ashes of the white inner layer was analyzed. It is result that conditions of optimum process of the experimental machine is 45 RPM, temperature at $60^{\circ}C$(60 min.) and $80^{\circ}C$(60 min.), mixing bulge of 10 mm(120ea) and 30 mm(120ea) and capacity of Paper Mulberry 10 kg.

• 복식
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• 제65권7호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2015

This paper studies the conservation treatment of Lady Shim's costume, which was excavated in Jecheon Province in 2012. There were the significant problems, which were encountered in the treatment of the costume ; First the Jeogoris were transformed during the excavation, Second fibers were seriously deteriorated, Third most of the fabrics such as Chusa were readily deformed. To overcome these problems and to secure stability in the conservation treatment, we decided to alternate between two different washing methods ; dry cleaning by n-hexane and wet cleaning by water. The costume shape was recovered by steaming and by swelling with Hanji(Korean traditional paper). The combined cleaning method proved to be relatively efficient and stable. In addition, the shape of Chusa was well preserved by dry cleaning.(using n-hexane also solved the problem of bad smell after washing with organic solvents.) The effects of the conservation treatment on the excavated costumes could be seen in the change of Lab color difference. Washing made the distribution of Lab color difference narrower, which may suggest that the impurities on the fiber was removed by washing. In addition, the value of L was greater than a-value and b-value after the treatment. This result indicates that the change of value represents the change of color difference by cleaning.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

옻칠은 채취된 산지별, 기후변화별, 채취시기별, 저장 등 각각의 요인에 따라 구성성분이 달라지며, 도료로서의 품등도 달라지는 성질을 가진 천연도료라는 점을 고려할 때 옻칠의 품등 구분은 매우 어렵다. 전통적 방법에 의한 옻칠의 품등구분은 옻칠종사자 10명의 패널에 대한 관능평가에 의해 실시하였다. 옻칠종사자들의 전통적인 옻칠 품등구분 방법의 공통점은 색조, 냄새, 점도, 한지 위 퍼짐성, 유리판 위 색조 및 건조성에 의해 판단하고 있으며, 그 외 한지 위 문지르기, 알코올램프 가열에 의한 감량 조사가 있었다. 패널요원 10인에 의한 5개 항목에 대한 전체평균의 결과, 중국산 생칠(E)이 7.03로서 가장 우수하였고, 그 다음이 일본산 생칠(C) 6.84, 한국산 생칠(A) 6.41, 중국산 생칠(D) 5.27 그리고 한국산 화칠(B) 2.50 순으로 나타났다. 그러나, 각 패널들이 평가한 결과는 한지위 퍼짐성에 의한 품등구분 이외에는 서로 다른 견해를 나타내는 경우가 있어 전통적인 방법만에 의한 품등구분에는 객관성과 공정성이 결여될 소지가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

Since early times, paper has been the leading means of expression in human civilization. Along with the development of languages, people have used paper as their major intermediation measures to flourish the culture. At this point of time when studies in latest design are various and abundant, these fixed ideas on paper should be eliminated first for inventive thinking and freedom of expression. Because breaking the established notion helps to diversify the function of paper. We can see furniture made of paper come in useful to our ancestors in their daily life with the development of "Hanjiquot;. Each piece of paper furniture had its own function and beauty depending on processing method. Not only has been used for materials of basic modeling in the process of modern furniture designing, paper has also been used for the main material for the purpose of a new trial. If we try to find out the ways to take diverse characteristics of paper and develop them, while overcoming the defects of the material, paper has great potentiality for many kinds of use in furniture industry.