• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.331-334
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• 1989

This studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the management of curing barn and the use of supplemental heat on prevention of barn rot during the rainy season. The managemental methods of curing barn were combined with hanging spaces ranged from 15cm to 30cm and ventilating conditions. The supplemental heat was applied with oil burner and oil fan heater. Barn rot was reduced in the wider hanging spaces, and the effects of hanging spaces was larger with ventilating during curing. Barn rot decreased by ventilating condition than non-ventilation. The use of supplemental heat dropped to lower relative humidity in curing barn. Supplemental heat and forced-air movement greatly reduced barn rot in comparison with tobacco cured under natural conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2011

We studied possibility of the sowing culture at the bottom after intermediate culture as a method for raising the survival of the Purplish Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus. The pearl net ($35cm(W){\times}35cm(B){\times}20cm(H)$) for S. prupuratus spat during the period of intermediate culture (hanging culture) from April to October in 2010. The pearl net (100 inds./net) was installed at two stations (Namhae and Pohang) being about 3-4 m in water depth. After hanging culture, S. prupuratus spat sowed in the bottom of the Gangjin Bay. The survivals (%) of intermediate culture of this species at Namhae station and Pohang station were 73% and 74%, respectively. Daily growth rate of mean shell length and mean weight in Namhae station were higher than those in Pohang station. After sowing at the bottom of the Gangjin Bay, its survival (%) showed 73.98% in January 2011. These results suggested the possibility of the intermediate culture as hanging culture for raising survival rate of S. prupuratus.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variation of death from intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation and suffocation (HSS: Korean Standard Classification of Diseases-6 code: X70) using the 2011 death registry data. Methods: The analysis was based on data of 8,359 HSS deaths from 2011 national vital statistics in Korea. Daily, weekly, and monthly death pattern on HSS were used to examine the relationship seasonal variation and HSS deaths. Results: A total of 8,359 HSS deaths occurred in 2011, with a mean age of 50.6 years. The HSS death rate (per 100,000) was 25.5 in male and 10.8 in female. In one day 17.6 males and 8.0 females occurred HSS death on average. The number of HSS death per day was the highest on 8th June (45 deaths), and lowest on 1st February (7 deaths) during the period. The variations of daily HSS death showed wide fluctuation from a peak of 34 to 45 deaths (29th May to 9th June) to a trough of 17-26 deaths (10th-13th September: the Korean thank-giving consecutive holidays), 13-20 deaths (2nd-5th February: the new year's day by the lunar calendar) and 8-9 deaths (24th-25th December: Christmas holidays). There were no significant difference between gender and seasonal variation (month, season, and week). Conclusion: The mean number of HSS death per day was highest in June (30.6 deaths), and months with the lowest number of deaths was January and December (range, 19.4 to 19.6 deaths). HSS death were more prevalent during summer and spring and were less likely to occur during winter. On Saturdays (21.0 deaths), the number of HSS death per day was the lowest, and Monday (27.9 deaths) was the highest. HSS death was less likely to occur on holidays (21.4 deaths). There was significant seasonal variation in HSS death by weekly and monthly (p<0.01).

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.1225-1234
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• 2009

As the Wenchuan Earthquake was of high magnitude and shallow seismic focus, it caused great damage and serious geo-hazards. By the field investigation and remote-sensing interpretation after the earthquake and by using means of GIS, the distribution of geo-hazards triggered by the earthquake was analyzed and the conclusions are as follows: (1) the earthquake geo-hazards showed the feature of zonal distribution along the earthquake fault zone and linear distribution along the rivers; (2) the distribution of earthquake geo-hazards had a marked hanging wall effect, for the development density of geo-hazards in the hanging wall of earthquake fault was obviously higher than that in the foot wall and the width of strong development zone in the hanging wall was about 10 km; (3) the topographical slope was a main factor which controlled the development of earthquake geo-hazards and a vast majority of geo-hazards were distributed on the slopes of 20 to 50 degrees; (4) the earthquake geo-hazards had a corresponding relationship with the elevation and micro-landform, for most hazards happened in the river valleys and canyon sections below the elevation of 1500 to 2000 m, particularly in the upper segment of canyon sections (namely, the turning point from the dale to the canyon). Thin ridge, isolated or full-face space mountains were most sensitive to the seismic wave, and had a striking amplifying effect. In these areas, collapses and landslides were most likely to develop; (5) the study also showed that different lithologies determined the types of geo-hazards, and usually, landslides occurred in soft rocks, while collapses occurred in hard rocks.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.398-410
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• 2022

We studied effects of aging methods and temperature on the physical, chemical, and amino acid composition of pork belly from Berkshire and Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc (LYD) swine. Pork belly samples were assigned randomly to breed groups (Berkshire and LYD), aging temperature groups (0℃ and 9℃), and aging method groups. One samples of vacuum-packaged hanging pork bellies were hung in a refrigerated cooler with 83±2.0% humidity, while the other samples were immersed in a 3.5% salt solution in a vacuum package and subsequently stored in the same cooler for 2 weeks. LYD pork had lower pH and purge loss and higher lightness values than those of Berkshire pork (p<0.05). Moreover, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hardness values of LYD pork were lower than those of Berkshire pork after aging (p<0.05). Berkshire pork had a higher level of flavorful amino acids than LYD pork did during aging (p<0.05). Bellies aged at elevated temperatures for two weeks had higher volatile basic nitrogen. However, significantly higher percentages of flavorful and sweet taste amino acids were observed in bellies aged at 9℃ compared to those aged at 0℃ for 2 weeks. Moisture content was higher in immersed samples than hanging samples after two weeks of aging (p<0.05). Hanging pork bellies exhibited higher texture profiles than immersed pork bellies at two weeks (p<0.05). We concluded that breeds, aging temperature, and methods affected most quality attributes of pork belly.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1397-1405
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• 2010

Mass mortalities of cultivated organisms have occurred frequently in Korean coastal waters causing enormous losses to cultivating industry. The preventive measures require continuous observation of farm environment and real-time provision of data. However, line hanging aquaculture farm are generally located far from monitoring buoys and has limitations on installation of heavy equipments. Substituting battery pack for solar panels and miniaturizing size of buoy, newly developed system can be attached to long line hanging aquaculture farm. This system could deliver measured data to users in real-time and contribute to damage mitigation and prevention from mass mortalities as well as finding their causes. The system was installed off Gijang and Yeongdeck in Korea, measuring and transmitting seawater temperature at the sea surface every 30 minutes. Short term variation of seawater temperature, less than one day, in Gijang from June to July 2009 corresponded tidal period of about 12 hours and long term variation seemed to be caused by cold water southeast coast of Korea, particularly northeast of Gijang. Seawater temperature differences between Gijang station and the other station that is about 500 m away from Gijang station were $1^{\circ}C$ on average. This fact indicates that it is need to be pay attention to use substitute data even if it is close to the station. Daily range of seawater temperature, one of crucial information to aquaculture, can be obtained from this system because temperature were measured every 30 minutes. Averages of daily range of temperature off Gijang and Yeongdeok during each observation periods were about $2.9^{\circ}C$ and $4.7^{\circ}C$ respectively. Dominant period of seawater temperature variation off Yeongdeok was one day with the lowest peak at 5 a.m. and the highest one at 5 p.m. generally, resulting from solar radiation.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.97-105
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• 1984

Effect of water extract of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) from Nagano prefecture on (1) forced exercise in mice using rope climbing test, (2) extinction of memory in hanging stressed mice and rectal temperature during the exposure to hanging stress, (3) sex and learning behavior of chronic hanging stressed mice, (4) sex cycle in the adult female mice using chronic hanging stress, and (5) motor coordination and one trial passive avoidance response in $40\%$ alcohol administered mice using rotar-rod and step-through tests, were studied. Drugs tested were given orally. (1) When it was given before the forced exercise, it potentiated the performance of the forced exercise. When it was given just after the forced exercise once a day for 2 weeks, it protected the mice against the reduction of the performance on the forced exercise. (2) When it was given just after the stress once a day for 4 days, it delayed the extinction of passive avoidance response in both step through and stepdown tests, and protected the stressed mice against the decrease in rectal temperature slightly. (3) It protected the stressed mice against the decrease of sex behaviour and the increase in the failure of performance of passive avoidance response, and delayed the extinction of passive avoidanc

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.19
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• pp.53-68
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• 2018

Hanging scrolls and handscrolls are common mounting for East Asian painting and calligraphy in which wooden Chukmok with Chukdu of various materials are attached either at the top and bottom or at each side of a work. Hanging scroll paintings or calligraphy can be hung for appreciation and rolled up for preservation. The Chukmok and Chukdu of a hanging scroll were made from different materials and were known by distinct names in Korea, China, and Japan. In Korea, the wooden Chukmok were called sanghachukhoengmok(上下軸橫木), which means horizontal wooden bars for the top and bottom axes. The wooden Chukdu were called Chukdu(軸頭), meaning the head of an axis. These Chukmok and Chukdu were made of Korean red pine, nut pine, or shiny xylosma. In China, the rod was called zhougan(軸杆) and zhoutou(軸頭), and they were made of Japanese cedar, sappan wood, or red sandalwood. In Japan, the top rod was called hassou(八双; 八裝) and the bottom jikugi(軸木), and they were made of Japanese cedar, red sandalwood, or crystal. In Korean hanging scrolls, the cross section of a Chukdu is either flat or round, and it can be either patterned or patternless. The designs include concentric circles, two circles, and three circles. Among the portraits of meritorious subjects analyzed in this study, three examples feature concentric circles on Chukdu with a flat cross section, which coincides with most of the king's instructions housed at the Jangseogak Archives. This suggests that flat Chukdu with a concentric circle pattern were used for binding most of the paintings of meritorious subjects commissioned by the royal court.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 2010

78 Korean native plants, which have not been used in general, were selected to be used as outdoor pot plants for three seasons, from spring to autumn. Plants, which were explored in about 30 places of Korea from 2007 to 2009, were transplanted to or sown in white plastic general pots ($27.5cm({\Phi}){\times}27.5cm(H)$) and hanging pots($28cm({\Phi}){\times}13cm(H)$) and grown in the garden of 36''56' latitude(N) and 127''09' longitude(E). 38 species(13 families and 29 genus) were suitable for outdoor general pots, and 46 species(28 families and 43 genus) for outdoor hanging pots. Among 38 plants for outdoor general pots, the principal species, which were easy to grow and have not been used in general, were 16 species, Metaplexis japonica in Asclepiadaceae, Phyteuma japonicum in Campanulaceae, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia princeps, and Artemisia selengensis in Compositae, Carex humilis in Cyperaceae, Pennisetum alopecuroides, and Setaria viridis in Gramineae, Agastache rugosa, Glechoma hederacea, Elsholtzia splendens, Isodon inflexus, and Mosla punctulata in Labiatae, Vicia villosa in Leguminosae, Piper kadzura in Piperaceae, and Rosa multiflora var. multiflora in Rosaceae. Among 46 plants for outdoor hanging pots, the principal species, which were easy to grow and have not been used in general, were 17 species, Metaplexis japonica in Asclepiadaceae, Ixeris stonlonifera in Compositae, Calystegia japonica and Quamoclit angulata in Convolvulaceae, Dioscorea batatas in Dioscoreaceae, Glechoma hederacea and Thymus quinquecostatus in Labiatae, Trifolium lupinaster for. alpinus and Vicia villosa in Leguminosae, Menispermum dauricum in Menispermaceae, Piper kadzura in Piperaceae, Clematis mandshurica for. lancifolia in Ranunculoideae, Rosa multiflora var. multiflora and Potentilla fragarioides var. major in Rosaceae, Paederia scandens and Rubia akane in Rubiaceae, and Parthenocissus tricuspidata in Vitaceae.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.152-176
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• 2022

This paper, a basic study on the restoration of arrow quivers during the Three Kingdoms Period, aimed to contribute details to the existing plan to restore the arrow quivers. The arrow quivers of the Three Kingdoms Period consist of a pouch for holding arrows and a backpiece. However, the two parts do not remain, and only metal parts have been excavated. The excavated arrow quivers were classified into three types for restoration. Centered on the pouch, the quivers were classified into type 1 made up of a W-shaped part and ㄷ-shaped part, and type 2 with only the band-shaped piece identified. Type 3 is similar to type 2, but it is assumed to be a separate type where an iron band extending from the hanging piece(吊手金具) is connected to a band-shaped piece. Before proposing a restoration plan for the three types of arrow quivers, the location of the hanging piece (吊手金具) and the observation of organic matter were reflected. In addition, such details as the location of the hanging piece (吊手金具), which cannot be identified by the excavation status alone, were derived from the ways of wearing the arrow quivers observed in the Joseon Dynasty, Shosoin (正倉院), and Haniwa (埴輪) in Japan. Referring to the existing record on the transformation of arrow quivers based on the hanging piece (吊手金具), the arrow quivers change from type 1 to types 2 and 3 in this paper. However, some of types 2 and 3 maintain the ways of wearing of type 1, and there were cases where the old-fashioned parts were kept. In particular, in Haman (咸安), it was confirmed that the typical type 1 was buried up until late periods.