• 국제물리치료학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.2126-2134
• /
• 2020

Background: Therapeutic climbing training, which originated in Germany, is a wall-hanging rock climbing-based therapy to increase the body's coordination through movement of the upper and lower limbs against gravity. However, there are no studies examining the effectiveness of therapeutic climbing training to treat balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. Objectives: To investigate therapeutic climbing training program on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Design: Pretest-posttest control group design. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic hemiplegic stroke participated. Participants were randomized into the therapeutic climbing training group (TCTG, n=7) and the standard rehabilitation program group (SRPG, n=7) group. All subjects participated in the same standard rehabilitation program consisting of 60 minutes 5 times a week for 6 weeks. TCTG participated additionally in the therapeutic climbing program consisting of 30 minutes sessions 3 times a week for the same 6 weeks. Berg balance scale (BBS), Gaitview Measure, Timed up and go test (TUG) were measured. Results: In the TCTG, revealed a statistical difference in BBS between the groups; in the difference of plantar pressure ratio in the static standing position revealed a statistical difference between the groups after training; the balance ability in the one-leg standing tests increased significantly; the time in TUG decreased significantly after training in both groups; The changes in the difference of dynamic plantar pressure ratio were reduced significantly in the TCTG. Conclusion: Therapeutic climbing training contribute to improve balance and walking function in patients with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study tried to examine the muscle activity of the neck and trunk according to head posture changes during use of laptops. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included nineteen young men and women. All subjects maintained each posture while practice typing on laptops for ten minutes with a 5-minute break between each posture. For the neutral head posture, the subjects practiced typing while pulling their chins down towards the Adam's apple and were able to look at their knees while having their external auditory meatus, acromion, and greater trochanter vertical to the ground. For the natural head posture, they practiced typing while balancing their posture between extension and flexion of the cervical vertebrae by themselves without any guidelines. While a forward head posture was created by having their heads face the front horizontal to the rope hanging from the ceiling, they practiced typing with their external auditory meatus located in the place which was 5 cm in front of the vertical plane. The subjects used general word process but practiced typing with accuracy and high speed. Muscle activities were randomly measured using surface electromyography according to each postures. Results: The research result had found that muscle activity with the natural head posture was more significantly reduced than that of the forward head posture in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, upper trapezius, cervical vertebral spinae, and thoracic vertebrae spinae muscles (p<0.05) and that the neutral head posture was more significantly reduced than that of forward head posture in the upper trapezius, cervical vertebral spinae, and thoracic vertebrae spinae muscle activity (p<0.05) with significant increases in lumbar spinae muscle activity (p<0.05). Also, muscle activity with the neutral head posture significantly increased more in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and lumbar spinae than that of the natural posture (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study results suggest that in order to prevent musculoskeletal pain, the neutral head posture with use of laptops is effective in reducing load to the shoulders and vitalizing the postural muscles.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) for measurement of muscle thickness with changes in angles of the gluteus maximus (GM) at rest and during contraction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-two healthy men volunteered for this study. GM muscle images were obtained in the resting position and during prone hip extension with knee flexion at hip abduction angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. Two examiners randomly measured the thickness of the GM twice in three different positions. The first position was a comfortable prone position. The second position was prone hip extension with knee flexion (PHEKF) to $90^{\circ}$. The third position was achieved by hanging a 1-kg weight on the ankle of the lifted leg during PHEKF with the angle of the lifted leg the same as the second position. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error measurements, and minimal detectable changes were used to estimate reliability. Results: The intra-rater reliability ICCs (95% confidence interval) of the GM were >0.870, indicating good reliability. Inter-rater reliability ICCs ranged from 0.668 to 0.913. The reliability of measurements of muscle thickness at each position was similar to the reliability of the angle change. Differences in muscle thickness and ratios for each position with $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of hip abduction were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In the present study, the intra-rater reliability of muscle thickness measurements of the GM was good, and the inter-rater reliability was moderate to good. Reliable RUSI measurements of wide and large muscles, such as the GM muscle at rest and during contraction, are feasible. Further investigation is required to establish the reproducibility of the protocols presented in this study.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the methods of the decorations using module plants in interior spaces. This research produced 18 types of the module plant decoration: considering the classifications of module plants(soil, hydroculture, moss), directions of module plants (up, side, down), assembling ways of module plants (horizontal, vertical). Applying these 18 types to the interior space decoration (floor stand, wall attach, ceiling hanging), 54 types were classified. After that, 150 cases of the decoration using module plants in interior spaces were collected and analyzed. In result, the cases were belong to 25 types of 54 types. The important types were the types to be able to decorate wide area of walls or ceilings without occupying floor area: SOIL-UP-VERTICAL, HYDROCULTURE-UP-VERTICAL, MOSS-SIDE-VERTICAL. These types were the decorations with function of bio-filter for air cleaning. Special types were SOIL-SIDE-HORIZONTAL, SOIL-SIDE-VERTICAL with soil developed not to pour and SOIL-DOWN-HORIZONTAL, SOIL-DOWN-VERTICAL with lucks not to pour soil. Plants will be used widely in interior design because of the awareness of eco-friendly design. The strength that module plants are portable, changable, able to exchange parts helps users to maintain plants in interior spaces. For designers, module plants are flexible materials in order to make variety of forms to adjust to interior spaces. The results of this research about methods of the decorations using module plants in interior spaces are useful to designers who want to design interior spaces eco-friendly and user-friendly.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권12호
• /
• pp.5450-5456
• /
• 2011

선박을 건조하는 수많은 공정 중에서 화물창 내의 도장작업은 대부분 고공에서의 작업뿐만 아니라 밀폐된 탱크 내에서 작업을 하는 경우가 많기 때문에 항상 사고의 위험에 노출되어 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하는 방법으로 진공 펌프와 로봇에 장착된 흡착판을 이용하여 로봇을 벽면에 부착하는 방법이 개발되어져 왔다. 하지만 이러한 방법들은 다양한 재질의 벽면에 적용이 가능하다는 장점이 있는 반면에 흡착판이 고착된 상태에서 이동하기 힘들다는 것과 부착을 위해 부가장비와 그에 따른 제어가 요구된다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 자석의 성질을 이용하여 선체의 평면, 수직면까지 매달린 채도 이동가능한 자석대차를 이용한 자동 도장 로봇장치를 제안한다. 또한 시제작품을 제작하여 성능 실험을 위해 자석바퀴 부착력, 대차부착력, 견인력 및 자동주행실험을 하였다.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.231-246
• /
• 1999

The geomorphic deformation of the alluvial fans by tectonic movement was investigated along the lineaments of the northern part of the Bulguksa fault system. Based on the aerial photographs interpretation and field surveys Bulguksa fault system was identified as an active reverse fault which has displaced the Quaternary fan deposits. Bulguksa fault system strikes for the direction of NW-SE and N-S. These two lineaments of active fault are crossing at Jinty village in Kyungju city and the fault plane forms here almost vertical dip. Thelateral pressures from the two directions have possibly influenced on the formation of the vertical dip at Jinty village. It should be resulted from that the two pressures responsible for the active reverse fault at which the one with the NW-SE strike thrusts the hanging wall of Tohamsan block southwestward and the other pressure with the N-S jstrike thrusts it westwrd over the foot wall of the fan deposits. The marine oxygen isotope stage 8(0.30-0.25 Ma. BP) and stage 6(0.20-0.14 Ma. BP) are presumed to be the ages of high and middle surfaces of the alluvial fan, repectively. The vertical dispiacements on the high surface along the Bulguksa fault system are about 10.5m at Ha-dong, 9.5-10.5m at Jinhyun-dong, and about 10m at Jinty village. And the vertical displacement on the middle surface was measured about 6m high at Ha-dong. The average slip rate of vertical displacements is calculated about 0.03-0.043mm/y.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2004

In case of a fire in road or railway tunnel it is always necessary to keep the escape condition as good as possible. Most of the victims of major fires in tunnels are because they couldn't leave the tunnel in time and were trapped by smoke, or rescue teams couldn't reach the place of the accident due to low visibility and high temperature. In spring 2003 a comprehensive field experiment was undertaken in a large scaled tunnel in Youngin City to test the effectiveness of a new water spray curtain system, designed to the air qualify inside of a tunnel in case of fire during passenger's escape to safe routes, In order to control the smoke propagation, fixed water sprayed nozzles were used to make water curtain system, which can be installed or hanging water piping line below ceiling. The experiment was accompanied by an extensive measurement campaign in order to measure temperature dropping effect and flow conditions as well as CO concentration for various water sprayed curtains produced by sprinkler heads or water spray nozzle. Eventually comparison analysis were undertaken to investigate the performance of water curtains under fixed water pressure. Therefore most effective water curtain system was presented on the basis of water droplet size in long tunnel.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2017

A 10-day-old, Holstein calf with facial mass of 10 cm in diameter at the forehead region referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Chungnam National University. The mass was soft and fluctuating swelling. It had normal skin and hair hanging forward from frontal region and was thought to contain cerebrospinal fluid. On the skull radiography, cauliflower like-irregular marginated, soft tissue opacity mass was identified craniodorsal to the frontal bone. The mass appeared as a cyst filled with anechoic fluid on ultrasonography. Soft tissue structures considered brain tissues were observed in the deep area of the mass. On the computed tomography, a large skull defect of left side frontal bone was found, and heterogeneous materials were exposed through the defect but exposure of cerebral meninges and brain tissue were not confirmative. On magnetic resonance imaging, herniated left brain parenchyma showed heterogenous T2 and T1 hyperinsensity. In the intracranium, T2 hyperinstense and T1 hypointense fluid was identified on the left side, instead of left cerebral parenchyma. Also leftward shift of right hemisphere and midline structure, including thalamus and midbrain, were observed. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed as a meningoencephalocele based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The calf was euthanized and necropsy was performed. On necropsy, both hemisphere were developed unequally with different size. One side hemisphere was grown in the outside through 10 cm hole on the median plane.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.264-271
• /
• 2012

As changed population structure variously, population decrease is one of the important problem in present urbanization. It resulted decline of the medium-large size housings that increasing of 1-2 person household need the variety of small housing with housing type. This study was researched the Gold-Generation on theme by Gold Miss, Gold Mr. who preferring urban small housings that it analyzed survey of Gold generation who be wanted urban small housing by interior coordination elements. Data to be analyzed that first, Gold Mr. and Miss are preferred two bedroom applied by spatial structure coordination. Especially it is based on the separation between livingroom and bedroom with duplex type which is bathroom formed single unit type(shower/toilet/basin). In interior coordination of spatial elements, Gold Mr. considered the form of kitchen with huge ㄷ type instead of Gold Miss are preferred alpha room or alpha space to use powder room or dress room. Second, In Preference of interior coordination elements, Gold Mr. and Miss are preferred bed-clothes and curtains by fabrics, lighting are hanging and spot lighting, accessories are carpet with rug and porcelains. Color are preferred bright scheme both white and ivory, however preference of furniture is different from Gold Mr. and Gold Miss that Gold Mr. are ordered desk, sofa and shelves but Gold Miss are preferred sofa, bed, and dressing table. It showed between Gold Mr. and Gold Miss are equal needs or differences. It expects the basic research for understanding the interior coordination elements for preference in urban small housing as focused on Gold generation(Gold Miss, Gold Mr.) that they will be applied the interior space on urban small housing.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.148-151
• /
• 2014

Objective : Posture-induced radial neuropathy, known as Saturday night palsy, occurs because of compression of the radial nerve. The clinical symptoms of radial neuropathy are similar to stroke or a herniated cervical disk, which makes it difficult to diagnose and sometimes leads to inappropriate evaluations. The purpose of our study was to establish the clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment of compressive radial neuropathy. Methods : Retrospectively, we reviewed neurophysiologic studies on 25 patients diagnosed with radial nerve palsy, who experienced wrist drop after maintaining a certain posture for an extended period. The neurologic presentations, clinical prognosis, and electrophysiology of the patients were obtained from medical records. Results : Subjects were 19 males and 6 females. The median age at diagnosis was 46 years. The right arm was affected in 13 patients and the left arm in 12 patients. The condition was induced by sleeping with the arms hanging over the armrest of a chair because of drunkenness, sleeping while bending the arm under the pillow, during drinking, and unknown. The most common clinical presentation was a wrist drop and paresthesia on the dorsum of the 1st to 3rd fingers. Improvement began after a mean of 2.4 weeks. Electrophysiologic evaluation was performed after 2 weeks that revealed delayed nerve conduction velocity in all patients. Conclusion : Wrist drop is an entrapment syndrome that has a good prognosis within several weeks. Awareness of its clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment methods may help clinicians make diagnosis of radial neuropathy and exclude irrelevant evaluations.