• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 2017

In this study, measurement of thermophysical properties of materials at high temperatures was performed. This experiment employed a heater device to heat the material to a high temperature. The images of the specimen surface due to thermal load at various temperatures were recorded using charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. Afterwards, the full-field thermal deformation of the specimen was determined using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The capability and accuracy of the proposed technique are verified by two experiments: (1) thermal deformation and strain measurement of a stainless steel specimen that was heated to $590^{\circ}C$ and (2) thermal expansion and thermal contraction measurements of specimen in the process of heating and cooling. This research focused on two goals: first, obtaining the temperature dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion, which can be used as data input for finite element simulation; and second, investigating the capability of the DIC method in measuring full-field thermal deformation and strain. The results of the measured coefficient of thermal expansion were close to the values available in the handbook. The measurement results were in good agreement with finite element method simulation results. The results reveal that DIC is an effective and accurate technique for measuring full-field high-temperature thermal strain in engineering fields such as aerospace engineering.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4795-4800
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• 2014

Background: Few studies have directly compared clinical efficacy and safety among Chinese herb injections (CHIs) for gastric cancer (GC). The present study aimed to compare CHIs combined with FOLFOX regimens for GC to show which provides the best CHIs results. Materials and Methods: 9 electronic databases and 6 gray literature databases were comprehensive searched in April 20, 2013. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently selected and assessed the included trials. The risk of bias tool described in the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0 and CONSORT statement were used to assess the quality of the trials. All calculations and graphs were performed and produced using ADDIS 1.16.5 software. Results: A total of 541 records were searched and 38 RCTs met the inclusion criteria (2,761 participants), involving 10 CHIs. The results of network meta-analysis showed that compared with FOLFOX alone, combinations with Kanglaite, Astragalus polysaccharides, Cinobufacini, or Yadanziyouru injections could furthest strengthen ORR, improve the quality of life, reduce nausea and vomiting, and reduce the incidence of leukopenia (III-IV). Conclusions: Kanglaite injection, Astragalus polysaccharides injection, Yadanziyouru injection were superior to other CHIs in clinical efficacy and safety for GC. The conclusions now need to be confirmed by large sample size direct head-to-head studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 2016

Plant engineering industry is considered as a key industry which will drive the future of Korea. However, Korean plant engineering companies have recently made huge losses in overseas businesses and the lack of engineering capability is pointed out as a main cause of this situation. Unlike Korean plant engineering companies, world leading engineering companies such as Flour and Bechtel have their own systems Engineering Standards/Guides ensuring successful fulfillments of the concept and basic design processes. An engineering standard for an organization is an essential means to shorten the time for engineering design, to maintain the engineering quality and to secure the engineering efficiency in the development of the complex system. Korean plant engineering companies'lack of engineering capability comes from the absence of the engineering standard. In the paper, we have developed a steel-making plant engineering standard based on a systems engineering standard. We chose both ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 and NASA SE Handbook as main reference standards. First, we have introduced a life-cycle definition and a physical hierarchy of a general steel-making plant. Then we have introduced detailed engineering processes of each life-cycle stage. The full scope of the study was from the feasibility study to the basic design but in the paper, we have only introduced detailed engineering processes and exit criteria for the feasibility study and the concept design.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.368-373
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• 1999

Topex/Poseidon sea surface heights are compared to tide gauge sea levels in the South Indian Ocean in the period of January 1993 to December 1995. A user's handbook (AVISO) for processing sea surface height data was used in this study. Topex/Poseidon sea surface heights were obtained from satellite data at the proximity of tide gauge stations. These data were reproduced by a linear interpolation with the interval of 10 days and were processed by the Gaussian filter with a 60-day window. The tide gauge sea levels were obtained in the same manner as the satellite data. The main results on RMS (Root-Mean-Square) and CORR (CORRelation coefficient) in our study were shown as follows: 1) on the characteristics between two data (in-situ and model data), the results (RMS=2.96 cm & CORR=$92\%$ in the Amsterdam plateau, and RMS=3.45 cm & CORR=$59\%$ in the Crozet plateau) of the comparison of Topex/Poseidon sea surface heights with tide gauge sea levels, which was calculated by in-situ data of obsewed station showed generally low values in RMS and high values in CORR against to the results (RMS=4.69 cm & CORR=$79\%$ in the Amsterdam plateau, and RMS= 6.29 cm & CORR= $49\%$ in the Crozet plateau) of the comparison of Topex/Poseidon sea surface heights with tide gauge sea levels, which was calculated by model data of ECMWF (European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting), and 2) on the characteristics between two areas (Kerguelen plateau and island), the results (RMS=3.28 cm & CORR= $54\%$ in the Kerguelen plateau) of open sea area showed low values in RMS and high values in CORR against to the results (RMS= 5.71 cm & CORR=$38\%$ in the Kerguelen island) of coast area, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.137-153
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• 2012

Meeting minutes in public organizations are crucial in the process of decision making in terms of accountability of records. The purpose of this study aims to provide a set of solutions in terms of improving the creation and management of meeting minutes in context of public records. For the case studies, Government in the Sunshine Act in the United States of America, Cabinet Handbook in Australia, and the law on Public Records in Korea are comparatively analyzed. As of 2012, fifty four designated meetings for minutes are administrated with a questionnaire survey. Based on the data analyses on the case studies and responses from designated meetings, three apsects in the creation and management of minutes are proposed: appropriate laws and regulations reflecting the characteristics of meeting minutes, best practices and manuals, and training for creation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.230-238
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• 1998

To study the species diversity of the genus Austroboletus in Korea, 12 specimens were collected from 1982 to 1996 at 5 locations including Odaesan. Collected specimens were observed and three species among them were identified and described by observing macroscopic and microscopic characters, one of which was confirmed new to Korea.: Austroboletus subvirens (Hongo) Wolfe. The three species are as follows; Austroboletus fusisporus (Kawam. ap. Imaze. & Hongo) Wolfe, A. gracilis (Peck) Wolfe and A. subvirens (Hongo) Wolfe and registered here with the key to Genera of the Strobilomycetaceae in Korea.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.2 s.27
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• pp.113-125
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• 2005

Korea, China and Japan show distinct features in their school environmental education, which are derived from their own spreading processes. Japanese school environmental education has developed as a result of assimilating of anti-pollution education and nature education, and has a feature that makes much of nature experiences. The introduction of 'Period for Integrated Study' in 2002 seems to begin activating Japanese school environmental education. Chinese school environmental education started in higher education institutions around the middle of 1970's, and has a feature that makes a point of scientific approach, even in primary education schools. The two government ordinances,'National Action Program for Environmental General Knowledge ($1996{\sim}2010$)' and 'Educational Scheme of Environmental Theme Study for Elementary and Secondary School Students' issued in 2003, gradually promote school environmental education in China. It is remarkable that Science and Technology Centers for Youth and also increasing environmental NPOs often support environmental activities in elementary or secondary schools. The most notable feature of Korean school environmental education is that 'Environment' has already offered as a regular elective subject in junior high school, and official 'Environment' textbook has published since early 1990's. Though, the adoption rate of 'Environment' is not yet so high. Each country's peculiar issues are as follows. Japan: (1) Students often lack basic knowledge about environmental important problems. (2) 'Period for Integrated Study' is now threatened with cutting hours by the idea of increasing periods for basic subjects to keep high achievement. China: (1) There are large regional differences and school distinctions in operation of environmental education. (2) Adult environmental education needs to be expanded, because the most part of Chinese have no experience of school environmental education. Korea: (1) The relationship between the administrative division which plans school environmental education and teachers group is not quite well. The adoption rate of 'Environment' in junior high school needs to be improved. The training of many teachers for environmental education instructors may be the most important and effective cooperative action among Korea, China and Japan, and for that purpose we ought to work on making a better handbook for instructors, at first.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.114-128
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• 2013

Greenhouse gas emissions have been an important issue in different countries because of their effects on global warming. The government has to organize greenhouse gas reduction measures suitable to regional characteristics by establishing annual implementation plans and comprehensive policies based on the UNFCCC. The transportation sector is one of the major contributors of air pollution; hence increasing need to estimate current and future traffic emissions precisely. Under these circumstances, a number of emission models have been developed recently. However, current methods of estimation cannot carry out effective analyses because it does not reflect vehicle movement characteristics. This study aims to present a new method for calculating road traffic emissions in Goyang city. A travel demand model is utilized to carry out GHG emission estimates according the traffic data (fleet composition, vehicle kilometers travelled, traffic intensity, road type, emission factors and speed). This study evaluates two approaches to estimate the road traffic emissions in Goyang City: Pollution-Emis and the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA v.3.1) which is representative of the "average speed" and the "traffic situation" model types. The evaluation of results shows that the proposed emission estimation method may be a good practice if vigilant implementation of model inputs is observed.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

In this study, contents of 'the 2007 revised curriculum handbook' and 16 kinds of mathematics textbooks were analyzed first. The purpose of this study is to examine the understanding state of students at general high schools by making questionnaires to survey the understanding state on contents of chapter of complex number based on above analysis. Results of research can be summarized as follows. First, the content of chapter of complex number in textbook was not logically organized. In the introduction of imaginary number unit, two kinds of marks were presented without any reason and it has led to two kinds of notation of negative square root. There was no explanation of difference between delimiter symbol and operator symbol at all. The concepts were presented as definition without logical explanations. Second, students who learned with textbook in which problems were pointed out above did not have concept of complex number for granted, and recognized it as expansion of operation of set of real numbers. It meant that they were confused of operation of complex numbers and did not form the image about number system itself of complex number. Implications from this study can be obtained as follows. First, as we came over to the 7th curriculum, the contents of chapter of complex number were too abbreviated to have the logical configuration of chapter in order to remove the burden for learning. Therefore, the quantitative expansion and logical configuration fit to the level for high school students corresponding to the formal operating stage are required for correct configuration of contents of chapter. Second, teachers realize the importance of chapter of complex number and reconstruct the contents of chapter to let students think conceptually and logically.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.243-255
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop the components and design strategies of e-learning content for the development of interpersonal competency, one of NCS vocational core competencies. In order to standardize the educational curriculum and content of interpersonal competency, this study has referred to the educational handbook of NCS vocational core competencies that the Human Resources Development Service of Korea has developed. Based on such standardized content, e-learning content components and design strategies were extracted by analyzing related studies and e-learning cases as well as by conducting surveys and interviews with experts and instructors of the field. Applying components and design strategies extracted through those investigations, the e-learning content for the development of interpersonal competency was developed. Its design's validity and educational effect were evaluated by interviews and surveys with students, professors, and experts. The evaluation results show that the e-learning content was appropriately designed and was effective in learning interpersonal competency as one of NCS vocational core competencies.