• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.372-377
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• 2020

Infection risks of handling specimens associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by public health laboratory services teams were assessed to scrutinize the potential hazards arising from the work procedures. Through risk assessments of all work sequences, laboratory equipment, and workplace environments, no aerosol-generating procedures could be identified except the procedures (mixing and transfer steps) inside biological safety cabinets. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as surgical masks, protective gowns, face shields/safety goggles, and disposable gloves, together with pertinent safety training, was provided for laboratory work. Proper disinfection and good hand hygiene practices could minimize the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection at work. All residual risk levels of the potential hazards identified were within the acceptable level. Contamination by gloved hands was considered as a major exposure route for SARS-CoV-2 when compared with eye protection equipment. Competence in proper donning and doffing of PPE accompanied by hand washing techniques was of utmost importance for infection control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1364-1372
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to provide the fundamental data about knitwear laundering and care. A questionnaire was designed and survey data was colleted from male and female consumers. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squire and t-test were conducted for statistical analysis. Results indicated that female consumers were more susceptible with 'handle with care' or 'fragile label' than male consumers. Females preferred hand washing whereas males preferred dry cleaning. Marital status of respondents did not affect awareness of care labels. Consumers considered more about stability of product shape than stain removal. Although most respondents followed proper ways to knitwear care and laundering, they felt that technical knowledge or deep understanding about washing is needed. In order to increase consumer satisfaction with knitwear products, the importance of care labels should be acknowledged.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

These days, hospitals in Korea have great interests in healthcare accreditation. The criteria of this accreditation has been established by management, but development of the management system without facility improvement has limits. Therefore this study reclassified domestic and foreign healthcare accreditation focusing on facilities and has purpose on proposing facility elements that can be adopted in hospitals. Also, the study is relevant to the study on architecture planning of hospital according to 'Patient safety' which will be suggested in the future and has significance for establishing basis of healthcare facility planning and for improving the existing facilities. The study selected facility lists from 'healthcare accreditation' and reclassified them based on departments in the hospital. Using these lists, the study divided the hospital that has obtained 'healthcare accreditation' into departments and investigated and analyzed them. On the basis of the analysis, the study suggested facility lists involved in hand washing, waste disposal, equipment washing, quarantine, goods-movement, establishing clean/polluted area, emergency exit-way, and restricted zone.

• Carbon letters
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.198-204
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• 2002

In this paper, impregnated activated carbon fiber (IACF) was manufactured to pitch-based activated carbon fibers (ACF) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) by using wet impregnation method to raise nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) adsorptivity. The properties of IACF were observed using EPMA, TGA and DSC and $NO_x$ adsorptivity was observed at high and low temperature. Before and after adsorption was analyzed using ToF-SIMS for examine surface characterization of adsorbed $NO_x$. The results showed that the better adsorptivity appeared for increasing KOH ratio. So, $NO_x$ adsorptivity showed result that is proportional between KOH and the adsorbed amount. On the other hand, adsorbent that manufactured without washing was better $NO_x$ adsorptivity than adsorbent that manufactured with washing. The behavior of adsorption show that crossing time of NO and $NO_2$ delayed for a rising adsorptivity. And NO ratio increased but $NO_2$ ratio decreased according as KOH ratio increases. $NO_x$ was confirmed through surface analysis that remain in $NO_2^-$ and $NO_3^-$ form on IACF surface.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contamination rate of barium sulfate suspension made in the exposed state in usual circumstances. This study was performed in four university hospital using the contrast media by barium sulfate powder. The specimen were detected at dispensing water, agitator and mixing tank. We also classified the suspension into general bacteria, mycete, and Bacillus coli infection. The tap water were used to dispense water in the all hospitals. Bacillus colt were not detected in the all. General bacteria and mycete were not detected in the one specimen, but detected in two specimen over defined value. In the contamination rate of agitator, mixing tank, and the manufactured, Bacillus coli were not detected in all. However, general bacteria and mycete were detected too numberous to count. In conclusion, the refined water must be used in dispensing water in manufacturing suspension. The disinfectant is also used in washing the agitator and mixing tank for sterilization. Hand washing is indispensible to manufacturing suspension for preventing from infection.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.263-272
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• 2006

People's values as well as their behavioral form of using a product are changing due to the rapid introduction of diverse cultures and the Five-day workweek system. The single and the married are the subjects of this study: it is aimed to evaluate and analyze, thus grasping their difference in behavioral form of using a washing machine, the main factors they consider to be important when purchasing one, and the level of satisfaction they get from their own washers. A questionnaire was used as a tool for a better Factor Analysis and Frequency Analysis research. There were 6 essential factors which unmarried people take into consideration when purchasing a washer: economical efficiency, measure of capacity, design, type, brand and advertising, function. On the other hand, economical efficiency, convenience, measure of capacity, function, and type was what the married thought would be the 6 central factors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.39-53
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of Vietnamese housing in Korea. Using ethnographic methodologies, it was examined that 22 Vietnamese households in Korea in relation to their usage of housing space. The following conclusion were established; 1). Most of households had kitchen+1 or 2 bedrooms and the majority households preferred separated kitchen and living room areas. 2). Most households had a washing machine in bathroom and they regarded bathtub as not very necessary. They all preferred the bathroom with enough space for using washing machine and hand washing both. 3). Their preferred seating style was using chairs on sleeping as like in Vietnam but they preferred eating without chairs and treated large family and guest without chairs specially. 4). All of them were took their shoes off usually and preferred designated shoes space at the entrance to the house which was not used in Vietnam. 5). A Floor material of all households was vinyl on living room and bedrooms and most of them who had been using tile only in Vietnam preferred vinyl here. 6). All of households had a modified Ondol and most of them who had never been used this before preferred and they regarded as a desirable heating system. 7). They considered the kitchen as the most important housing space and the direction of housing was the one to consider when they built or buy the house.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.65-73
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• 2021

Since the amount of red mud, generated from aluminum smelting process as a by-product, has increased worldwide, the recycle and metal resource recovery from the red mud is becoming more important. In this study, in order to recycle the red mud as a soil stabilizer to remediate arsenic contaminated soils, neutralization of red mud was investigated. Red mud was neutralized by washing with distilled water and NaCl, CaCl₂, FeCl₃, and HCl solutions and heating at 200-800℃, and arsenic stabilization characteristics in soils were evaluated with the neutralized red mud. Although washing with distilled water was not effective in neutralizing red mud, the application of the washed red mud to soils lowered the soil pH compared to the application of untreated red mud. Among NaCl, CaCl₂, FeCl₃, and HCl solutions, washing with FeCl₃ showed the most effective in lowering pH of the red mud from pH 10.73 to pH 4.26. Application of the neutralized red mud in soils resulted in quite different arsenic stabilization efficiency depending on soil samples. In M1 soil, which showed relatively high arsenic stabilization efficiency by untreated red mud, the neutralization of red mud resulted in little effect on arsenic stabilization in soil. On the other hand, in M2 soil, which showed low arsenic stabilization efficiency by untreated red mud, the neutralization of red mud increased arsenic stabilization significantly. Soil characteristics such as clay minerals and pH buffering capacity seemed to affect reactions between red mud and soils, which resulted in different effects of the red mud application on soil pH and arsenic stabilization efficiencies.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural properties of 100% wool fabrics knitted with various stitch types and to evaluate dimensional stability from shrinkage in wet cleaning and drying. Materials were weft-knitted from twenty-four different stitches with 7 gauge using a computerized flatbed knitting machine. Weight, thickness, density, and length were measured. A domestic washing machine and a tumble dryer were used for the shrinkage test. The results are as follows: Knitted fabrics were divided into 3 groups based on weight per unit area. Porous knits show light weight whilst milano, pintuck, rib stitches belong to the heaviest group. A positive correlation between weight and thickness was found and the same result was obtained for wale density and weight. Dimensional shrinkage of knitted fabrics was increased during repetitive wet cleaning and drying regardless of knit stitches. Especially, fabrics knitted with float, tuck, cable, and links & links stitches samples were contracted more than 15% in the first treatment whereas 2x1 rib stitch showed 1% shrinkage rate. Fisherman and milano stitches contracted in both course and wale direction with similar shrinkage rates. However, porous knits with float and tuck stitches shrank in course direction by 20% as well as cable samples contracted from 5% to 20% after repeated washing and drying. On the other hand, 30% and 15% contraction of wale direction occurred in orderly float and links & links stitches, respectively. Machine dried knits have a higher shrinkage rate than air-dried knits, but the drying method did not affect to the direction of contraction. In conclusion, variations of knit, tuck, and float stitches affect knit construction and dimensional stability from shrinkage in wet cleaning and drying of wool knitted fabrics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 1% chlorhexidine-gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/Ethanol) emollient and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub for antimicrobial, residual effect, and skin condition. Method: CHG/Ethanol emollient hand hygiene was performed waterless, and brushless by operating doctors and nurses (N=20). PVI hand washing was performed with water and a brush (N=20) for 5 min. The subjects were asked to press their left hand in hand-shaped agar before a surgical scrub, immediately after a surgical scrub and after the operation. The amount of isolated microorganisms were calculated by counting the number of divided areas($1{\times}1cm$, 160 cell) which were culture positive in the hand culture plate. The skin condition was evaluated. Result: The antimicrobial count of CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI immediately post surgical scrub was 0.0 vs. 4.1 (p>.05), and after the operation was 0.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The Residual effect of CHG/Ethanol emollient immediately post surgical scrub and after the operation were 0.0 vs. 0.1 (p>.05), and PVI were 4.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The skin condition and satisfaction of CHG/Ethanol emollient was higher than PVI (p<.05). Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect between CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI were the same. Considering skin condition, satisfaction and allergic reaction CHG/Ethanol emollient for surgical scrub is recommended in Korea.