• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1992

Volkmann's ischemic contracture is the end result of an untreated, delayed or Inadequately decompressed compartment syndrome in which muscle ischemia and necrosis have occurred. Once the muscle necrosis have happened, the involved muscle undergo permanent change into fibrous tissue. So secondary shortening and distal joint contracture will be a final outcome, which results in marked functional impairment of hand and forearm. Even though several procedures, such as muscle sliding operation has been attempted, overall results were far from satisfaction, compare to healthy opposite hand. The management of these unfavorable condition of the forearm and hand was regarded as one of challenging area in orthopedics. Recently new approach, using microsurgical technique which transfers functioning muscle unit, has been developed and its result was much better than any other methods in the aspect of an active motion. Among these musculocutaneous free flaps, gracilis has obtained special reputation due to its easiness to handle such as elevation of flap and reliable neurovascular pedicle. Other advantages are flexibility of flap size to adjust variable size of the defect in the forearm and minor morbidity of the donor site. Authors have performed 7 cases of functioning gracilis musulocutaneous free flap transplantation for the functional loss of forearm and hand due to Volkmann's ischemic contracture or muscle and skin defect due to severe trauma since November, 1981 till May, 1991. The results in most cases were satisfactory and acceptable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5427-5431
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• 2014

Aim: To evaluate the outcome of stapled versus sutured colo-rectal anastomosis after low anterior resection of mid-rectal carcinoma. Patients and Methods: A prospective study of fifty patients who underwent colo-rectal anastomosis following low anterior resection (LAR) of T2 mid-rectal cancers at the Egyptian National Cancer Institute during the time period from June 2010 to June 2013 was conducted. Classification was into two groups; a stapled anastomosis group I (25 patients) and a hand-sewn anastomosis group II (25 patients). All operations are evaluated regarding intra-operative complications such as anastomotic line bleeding, visceral injuries or major blood loss. The anastomotic time and operative time are documented for each operation. All patients are evaluated post-operatively for anastomotic leakage (AL), wound infection and ileus. Results: The distance of the tumor from the anal verge was $9.6{\pm}2.0cm$ in group I and $9.9{pm}2.4cm$ in group II. The mean operative time was $191.5{\pm}16.2min$ in the stapled group and $208{\pm}18.6min$ in the sutured group (p=0.002). The mean anastomotic times were $9.0{\pm}1.9min$ and $19.7{pm}12.2min$ (p=0.001). Anastomotic leakage developed in three (12.0%) patients in the stapled group and in four (16.0%) patients in the sutured group (p=1.000). Post-operative ileus was observed in 3 patients in group I and one patient in group II. Wound infection developed in three (12.0%) patients in the stapled group and four (16.0%) patients in the sutured group (p=1.000). Conclusion: Colo-rectal anastomosis after low anterior resection for mid rectal carcinoma can be conducted safely either by stapling or hand-sewn techniques; however the stapling technique showed shorter anastomotic and operative times with no significant advantages regarding intra- or post-operative complications or hospital stay.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

Because traumatic tissue damage on hands and feet often lead to loss of function, permanent deformity, prompt and adequate reconstruction is essential. For children, future growth, as well as function and esthetics, must be taken into account. Several techniques have been employed to reconstruct hand and foot dorsum defects of children. However, skin graft and muscle free flap with skin graft cannot prevent contracture and will interfere with normal growth. Fasciocutaneous free flap reduces contracture and enables early physical therapy, decreasing the need for additional surgical intervention. Parascapular flap is particularly suitable because it has reliable pedicle and is relatively thin. There is little functional loss in the donor site, and also simultaneous extensor tendon reconstruction of hand and foot is possible. The disadvantage of this technique is that postoperative defatting is needed to adjust volume. Our department has achieved satisfactory results using this approach, and would like to report 13 cases of hand and foot reconstruction using parascapular flap in patients under the age of 15 (from March, 1998 to May, 2003).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.649-654
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• 2011

Purpose: Split-or full-thickness skin grafts are used to reconstruct palmar skin and soft tissue defects after trauma or to release burn scar contracture on the hand. Glabrous skin defects should be substituted with similar skin to preserve function and aesthetics. The authors report their experiences with a technique that uses a full-thickness graft taken from glabrous skin on the ulnar edge of the palm for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand. Methods: During a three-year period from 2007 to 2010, 22 patients with burn scar contracture and 12 patients with post-traumatic skin defects on their hands were treated with full-thickness skin graft operations. The palmar skin and soft tissue defects after release of burn scar contracture or debridement of post-traumatic wounds were reconstructed with full-thickness skin grafts harvested from the ulnar border of their palms. All donor-site wounds were primarily closed. Results: The followup periods ranged from 3 to 25 months. Contractures of the hand were corrected without recurrence, and the grafts showed relatively good contour and color match to the adjacent fields. There were no reported complications such as significant color change or hypertrophic scarring. The grafted skin showed an average 5.9 mm static two-point discrimination obtained in fingertip reconstruction cases, indicating satisfactory reinnervation. Conclusion: Glabrous full-thickness grafts harvested from the palmar ulnar border is a very useful way of reconstructing soft tissue defects on hands, including fingertips, for function restoration, favorable aesthetic results, and low donor-site morbidity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2021

Background Hand fractures can be treated using various operative or nonoperative methods. When an operative technique utilizing fixation is performed, early postoperative mobilization has been advocated. We implemented a protocol involving controlled active exercise in the early postoperative period and analyzed the outcomes. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with proximal phalangeal or metacarpal fractures of the second to fifth digits were included (n=37). Minimally invasive open reduction and internal fixation procedures were performed. At 3 weeks postoperatively, controlled active exercise was initiated, with stress applied against the direction of axial loading. The exercise involved pain-free active traction in three positions (supination, neutral, and pronation) between 3 and 5 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative radiographs and range of motion (ROM) in the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints were analyzed. Results Significant improvements in ROM were found between 6 and 12 weeks for both proximal phalangeal and metacarpal fractures (P<0.05). At 12 weeks, 26 patients achieved a total ROM of more than 230° in the affected finger. Postoperative radiographic images demonstrated union of the affected proximal phalangeal and metacarpal bones at a 20-week postoperative follow-up. Conclusions Minimally invasive open reduction and internal fixation minimized periosteal and peritendinous dissection in hand fractures. Controlled active exercise utilizing pain-free active traction in three different positions resulted in early functional exercise with an acceptable ROM.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.114-122
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• 2022

This paper explores three-dimensional unsteady computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses with an overset grid technique to analyse the wake effect created by a rotating propeller on a hand-launched unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Additionally, the influence of actual aileron deflection on the equilibrium condition of the rolling moment is examined in various hand-launched take-off conditions. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of initial aileron deflection in increasing the initial rolling stability during the hand-launched take-off process. Furthermore, an aerodynamic database is constructed to rapidly predict the aileron set values required for different take-off speeds and angle-of-attacks.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.4 s.35
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• pp.373-380
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• 2005

Mobile Mapping Systems are effective systems to acquire the position and image data using vehicle equipped with the GPS (Global Positioning System), IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), and CCD camera. They are used in various fields of road facility management, map update, and etc. In the general photogrammetry such as aerial photogrammetry, GCP (Ground Control Point)s are needed to compute the image exterior orientation elements (the position and attitude of camera). These points are measured by field survey at the time of data acquisition. But it costs much time and money. Moreover, it is not possible to make sufficient GCP as much as we want. However Mobile Mapping Systems are more efficient both in time and money because they can obtain the position and attitude of camera at the time of photographing. That is, Image Orientation Technique must use GCP to compute the image exterior orientation elements, but on the other hand Direct Georeferencing can directly compute the image exterior orientation elements by GPS/INS. In this paper, we analyze about the positional accuracy comparison of ground point using the Image Orientation Technique and Direct Georeferencing Technique.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.393-401
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the canal configuration after shaping by ProTaper rotary files and ProTaper hand files in resin simulated canals. Forty resin simulated canals with a curvature of J-shape and S-shape were divided into four groups by 10 blocks each Simulated root canals in resin block were prepared by ProTaper rotary files and ProTaper hand files using a crown-down pressureless technique All simulated canals were prepared up to size $\#25$ file at end-point of preparation. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were recorded with color scanner. Assessment of canal shape was completed with an image analysis program. Measurements were made at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm from the apex. At each level, outer canal width, inner canal width, total canal width, and amount of transportation from original axis were recorded. Instrumentation time was recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using independent t-test. The result was that ProTaper hand files cause significantly less canal transportation from original axis of canal body and maintain original canal configuration better than ProTaper rotary files, however ProTaper hand files take more shaping time.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2013

Background: The C-arm fluoroscope is an essential tool for the intervention of pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiation exposure experienced by the hand and chest of pain physicians during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided procedures. Methods: This is a prospective study about radiation exposure to physicians during transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) and medial branch block (MBB). Four pain physicians were involved in this study. Data about effective dose (ED) at each physician's right hand and left side of the chest, exposure time, radiation absorbed dose (RAD), and the distance from the center of the X-ray field to the physician during X-ray scanning were collected. Results: Three hundred and fifteen cases were included for this study. Demographic data showed no significant differences among the physicians in the TFESIs and MBBs. In the TFESI group, there was a significant difference between the ED at the hand and chest in all the physicians. In physician A, B and C, the ED at the chest was more than the ED at the hand. The distance from the center of the X-ray field to physician A was more than that of the other physicians, and for the exposure time, the ED and RAD in physician A was less than that of the other physicians. In the MBB group, there was no difference in the ED at the hand and chest, except for physician D. The distance from the center of the X-ray field to physician A was more than that of the other physicians and the exposure time in physician A was less than that of the other physicians. Conclusions: In conclusion, the distance from the radiation source, position of the hand, experience and technique can correlate with the radiation dose.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 1968

A TANT network is a three-level network composed solely of NAND gates having only true(i.e. uncomplemented) inputs. The paper presents a technique for finding for any given Boolean function a least-cost TANT network. The first step of the technique is to determine essential prime implicants(EPI) by Quine-McCluskey procedure or other methods and generate prime implicants(PI) hving the same head as any one of EPI by consensus operation. The second step is to select common factors among the usable tail factors. The selcetion phase is analogous to the use of C-C table. The last step is to minimize inputs by deleting the redundant PI. the technique permits hand solution of typical five-and six-variable problems.