• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2011

Does preferred hand show better performance than non-preferred hand in smart phone text entry using one hand. Is the performance of subjects who use left-preferred hand in smart phone text entry worse than that of others who use right preferred hand among the right handed. This study tried to address these two questions. Thirty young male undergraduate students typed a text using a smart phone which has a touch-based QWERTY keyboard two times with both hands, right and left hand, respectively. The completion time, errors were measured in the text entry tasks. All of participants were right handed, but half of them preferred right hand if they have to use one hand in smart phone text entry and other half preferred left hand. The percentage that preferred hand has better performance than non-preferred hand in smart phone text entry using one hand is less than 90% for right-preferred hand and less than 70% for left-preferred hand. The performance of left hand preferred students is not worse than that of the right hand preferred in one hand text entry of smart phone.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to reveal how the agility of fingers directly involved in the use of mobile phones, a necessity for modern people, is related to the amount of text usage. To find out, 95 people who agreed to the purpose of this research without any limitation on visual and upper-geometry were selected. The research period was from June 27, 2018 to July 31, 2018. The evaluation tool used in this study was Grooved Pegboard, a standardized evaluation tool that measures hand dexterity, and the general characteristics of examinees such as age, text message amount, and a hand that using for text messages were investigated through interviews. Since text input methods vary depending on mobile phone types, unfamiliar methods of typing mobile phone characters can affect the speed of texting. As a result, there were significant differences in hand dexterity between age and gender. The rate of texting and hand dexterity were statistically significantly faster than those in their 20s and 30s (p<0.05), and in gender, women showed significantly faster texting and hand dexterity than men (p<0.05). However, it was not statistically significant to text usage and to the dexterity of the hand.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.941-950
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• 2011

최근 휴대폰의 발전과 더불어 휴대폰 환경에 적합한 인터페이스에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 특히 사람에게 친숙한 손동작을 이용한 상호작용에 주목하여, 휴대폰 상에서 손동작을 이용한 비전 기반 인터페이스를 구현하였다. 사용자가 한손에 휴대폰을 들고 휴대폰의 카메라를 통해서 다른 손의 손바닥을 바라보면, 사용자의 손바닥 위에 가상 객체가 증강되고 사용자는 자신의 손과 손가락의 움직임을 통해서 가상 객체와 상호작용 할 수 있다. 구현된 인터페이스는 사람에게 친숙한 손동작을 기반으로 동작하기 때문에, 사용자는 별도의 훈련 과정 없이 친숙하게 사용가능하다. 또한, 추가적인 센서나 마커를 요구하지 않기 때문에, 사용자가 원하는 시간과 장소에서 자유롭게 가상 객체와 상호작용 할 수 있다. 일부 시간이 많이 걸리는 처리 과정을 휴대폰 환경에 적합하도록 최적화, 고속화함으로써, 구현된 인터페이스는 상용화된 휴대폰(Galaxy S2)에서 5 fps로 동작한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2017

Hand phones are standard paraphernalia among university students. Factors that motivate them to own the gadget would be of interest to both the students as well as marketers. Hand phone usage is an unexamined field in academic literature, this exploratory study attempts to investigate student purchasing motives in cellular phone markets. It also intends to know the student's satisfaction with the different services and its future impact on socio economic changes. In this study, undergraduates (n=336) were requested to specify their purchase criteria of hand phone. The instrument used in the study to collect feedback from the respondents contains a combination of open-ended and scaled questions, and some background demographics. The study employed content analysis, Pearson's correlation, and t-tests as the primary tools to analyze the responses. Results show that brand was rated as the most important factor in student purchase decisions. Other factors, arranged in decreasing order of importance comprise price, product quality, features, durability, availability, promotion, and post purchase service. Brand and price correlated significantly. It is also observed that there is very little difference regarding preference between brand and price in purchasing a hand phone. Marketers may formulate suitable strategies out of the findings to promote hand phones to university undergraduates in Malaysia by emphasizing at brands and price.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

모바일 보안의 증가에 따라, 지식에 근거한 사용자 이름, 패스워드 방식의 개인 인증에 대한 실패를 경험한 사용자들은 개인 식별과 인증에서 손 형상, 지문 인식, 목소리와 같은 생체 정보를 사용하는 것을 더욱 선호하게 되었다. 그러므로 모바일 보안을 위해 개인 식별과 인증에서 생체 인증을 사용하는 것은 인터넷 상에서 고객과 판매자들 모두에게 신뢰성을 준다. 본 연구는 개인 식별과 인증을 위해 iphone4와 galaxy s2의 모바일 폰 영상으로부터 손형상, 손 바닥 특징, 손가락 길이와 너비 등의 손 생체 정보를 인식하는 시스템을 개발한다. 본 연구의 손 생체 정보인식 시스템은 영상 획득, 전처리, 잡음 제거, 표준 특징패턴 추출, 개별 특징패턴 추출 그리고 손 생체 정보 인식의 6가지 단계로 구성한다. 실험에서 사용한 입력 데이터는 50명의 실험자의 손 형상 영상과 손 바닥 영상으로 구성한 250장의 데이터에 대한 평균 인식률은 93.5%이다.

• 대한스포츠의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of body mass index (BMI) to smart phone proficiency in men and women over the age of 60. Methods: Patients were divided into three groups with high (n=33), average (n=34), and low (n=33) smart phone proficiency. Fitness characteristics related to smart phone usage were evaluated by measuring cardiorespiratory endurance, grip strength, eye-hand coordination. As well, smart phone proficiency was evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire and a smart phone usability task that was composed of two categories: usage of the smartphone device itself and usage of phone applications. The differences in BMI of the subjects was analyzed by analysis of covariance adjusting for independent variables including age, smartphone usage period, eye-hand coordination, education and income. Results: There was a significant difference in BMI among the three groups after adjustment of age, eye-hand coordination, smartphone usage period, education and income. The results showed that the self-reported questionnaire showed a significant difference in BMI between high proficiency and low proficiency groups (high $24.88{\pm}2.46$, low $23.37{\pm}2.56$; p=0.037). Smart phone usability test results also showed a significant difference in BMI among the three groups (high $25.18{\pm}2.58$, low $23.15{\pm}2.6$; p=0.000 and high $25.18{\pm}2.58$, middle $23.57.7{\pm}1.69$; p=0.010). Conclusion: Our results suggest that high smart phone proficiency shows increased BMI in the elderly. This study suggests that people over the age of 60 who have high smartphone proficiency should be cautious of an increased BMI score.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to give interest about usability of cellular phone keypad for left-handed person. Background: Although there are being a lot of attempts to design suitable product on user's request in process that design cellular phone keypad, ergonomic access about left-handed person who compose decimal class is unprepared. Especially, in early user's occasion, left-handed persons need more efforts than right-handed person to master Hangul character input process skill level. But, since realization about this left-handed person's discomfort has not spread, the importance has not been well thought in the society. Method: (1) After extracting emblem to use in comparison in questionnaire, applied emblem uniformly to different 3 kind of cellular phone. (2) Measured Hangul input time and mistyping number by dominant hand's position and skill level to reagent. (3) Taking the result through ANOVA. Conclusion: In the result of the experiment about Hangul input time and mistyping number according to dominant hand's position and skill level, left-handed person's group on the low skill level has shown the dullest use capability among 4 experiment groups. Application: In the future, analysis result may be used to the data of realization conversion in process design of various products including cellular phone keypad to consider left-handed person.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the effects of phone weight on the typing performance and muscle recruitment in the neck and upper extremity while typing a text message with dominant hand. The iPhone4 and iPhone5 were compared due to their 28-gram differences in weight. Background: Too much use of a cellular phone can lead the musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremity. Phone makers tend to make their new models bigger, lighter, faster and smarter. Method: Fourteen healthy volunteers without any history of neuromuscular disorders or ongoing pain who used their smartphone more than one year were recruited. A 112g phone (iPhone5) and a 142g phone (iPhone4) were used for typing the lyric of the Korean national anthem with their dominant hand. Typing duration, the typing error, the perceived fatigue, and preference was investigated. Muscle recruitment and the resting gap of neck (middle trapezius and levator scapula), shoulder (infraspinatus and mid deltoid), elbow (biceps brachii and brachioradialis), thumb (extensor and abductor policis brevis) were collected using surface electromyography. Typing error was counted and typing speed was calculated in characters per min. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and chi-square (${\chi}^2$) analysis for the effects of phone weight on the typing performance parameters and muscle recruitment. Results: Typing text message with iPhone5 took longer but had less muscle recruitment in brachioradialis, and extensor policis brevis muscles. Lighter weight of iPhone5 made biceps brachii to rest less without increasing the mean %EMG. Conclusion/Application: Findings of this study can be valuable information for phone designers to develop more productive device and for smartphone users to prevent the musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

Smart phone systems such as Android and iPhone are spreading into the next generation's computing and the prediction that cell phone (especially smart phone) penetration rate will be higher than that of PC in the near future is predominant. In this paper, we designed and materialized an item pool system which has self directed learning function that enables learning with smart phone (the PC in the hand). Users can choose the way of studying and do the offered estimation depending on their levels with smart phone. It is materialized the studying environment which can be done immediately anytime and anywhere.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2010

The level of competition has reached the limits in cellular phone market and the cellular phone manufacture companies started to focus their solution in user interface. Design issues with controllability led the development and renovation of such products to the use of the touch-screen phone. Depending upon the readability, technical advances, portability and controllability, user satisfaction of touch-screen phones could vary significantly. In this research, the controllability was dealt in regard to various grip postures, in order to improve menu layout which fits for using the thumbs of both hands and a thumbs of single hand. Regression models are found to the suggest the location of buttons on the screen by redesigning the menu layout, it is expected to improve both controllability and satisfaction of the user. This result can be applicable not only to mobile phone design, but also to the design of various hand-held devices using a touch screen.