• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.167-170
• /
• 2012

During the course of the execution of the project entitled Distribution Research of Rare Plants, we found the habitats of two rare ferns with obscure and/or extremely restricted distribution ranges, as previously unreported habitats. A subantarctic fern reported on Hamgyeong-do and Gangwon-do, Dryopteris coreano-montana Nakai, was found on Mt. Ibam in Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do. A subtropical fern reported south of Jeju-do, Dryopteris decipiens (Hook.) Kuntze, was newly found on Mt. Cheongwan of Jangheung-gun in Jeollanam-do.

• Food Science and Industry
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2020

During the Japanese colonial period, Japanese brewing companies established 2 breweries in Korea, and brought in malting barley seeds, began trial cultivation in near Daejeon area and Jeju Island, and cultivated hops in Hyesan, Hamgyeong-do. In 1933, Chosun Brewery Co. Ltd. and Showa-Kirin Brewery Co. were established in Yeongdeungpo by Japan and these 2 breweries became the birthplace of today's Hite Brewery and Oriental Brewery. Oriental Brewery tried to cultivate hops and malting barley in Korea, and once self-sufficient but now hops depend on imports, and production of domestic malting barley is about 5% of demand. Beer was only about 5% of domestic alcohol consumption in the early 1970s, but now occupies more than 50% and became the most popular alcoholic drink in Korea. Recently various beers are imported from the world, and many craft breweries serving variety of beers to consumers, thus Korean enjoy heyday of the beer culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.11 no.1 s.26
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2005

Practically, it is very hard to investigate the rural villages in North Korea. The Korean rural village in Yanbian is proximate from North Korea and most of inhabitants of the village have been emigrated from Hamgyeong-Do and Pyeongan-Do. In this sense, it can be meaningful to study Korean villages in Yanbian is an alternative approach toward researches of North Korean rural villages. In this study, spatial characteristics of the Ryongsan village, Ryongjeong city was studied as a representative korean rural village in Yanbian. The Ryongsan village has been formed based on the traditional culture and custom of North Korea. The case of planning and design is provided through drawings of components for planning of rural villages based on the results of spatial characteristics analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2023

Immediately after liberation, Shin Kwang-ryul served as the director of the Shinbukcheong People's General Hospital, and defected to South Korea alone in December 1945 with hostility to the Soviet military government. Later, he joined the political operation team (政治工作隊) and was dispatched to the Sinbuk Office as a member of Hamgyeong-do's committee. However, after this was revealed, his wife was taken to the security and tortured to death. Later, when he learned about this, he left a Wolnam Yuseo (越南遺書) and decided to commit suicide. He left politics and started a new family while running a pharmacy. In 1950, he fled Dangjin, Chungnam, during the Korean War and opened an East Asian medical clinic. In 1955, he passed the Korean Medical Examination and opened Cheongpa Oriental Medicine Clinic in Asan, Chungcheongnam-do. In 1969, he ran an East Asian medical clinic in Dohwa-dong, Mapo, Seoul, and moved to Hongeun-dong in 1972 to open Hamnam Oriental Clinic. At this time he wrote a Cheongpa Pharmacy Summary (靑坡驗方要訣). In his later years, he treated poor patients for free, and he continued to work even though he was unwell due to a broken spine. He died in 1980 leaving behind a "proud mind".

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.84-91
• /
• 2017

This study examined the routes, periods, and characteristics of Hamkyung-Gamsa's Sulryeok(巡歷) and his major duties during the Sulryeok. For this purpose, all hitherto known Hamkyung-Gamsa's official diaries, such as "Gwanbukilgi(關北日記)", "Sunryeokilrok(巡歷日錄)" and 'Buksunilgi(北巡日記)', 'Bukhaengilrok(北行日錄)' of "Dongbukansarok(東北按使錄)", were investigated closely. The main results of this study are as follows. 1) The Hamkyung-Gamsa's Sulryeok routes almost took the Gyeongheungro, which was one of the six main roads in the Joseon dynasty. The use of this road as the Sulryeok route was attributed to the rough terrain. 2) The Sulryeok routes were divided into two ways: the north and south routes centering on HamheungGamyoung. As Hamheung is located in the southern part of Hamgyeong-do, the northern Sulryeok route, which reached the downstream side of the Tuman River and border defense facilities, was long and took a long period of time. 3) Hamkyung-Gamsa's major duties during the northern Sulryeok route were to check the border defense facilities and hold literary and archery contests and special state examinations, especially in Gilju. His major duties during the southern Sulryeok route were to inspect and maintain the royal tombs and historical landmarks, such as Junwonjeon, Sukreung, Jireung. 4) Sometimes the routes of Hamkyung-Gamsa's Sulryeok included some sightseeing spots, which were famous for ten scenic spots of Bukgwan.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2014

Objectives : In this study, we investigated Hyangyak in "Single-medicine prescription treatment of domestic herbs" of "Kwangjebikeup" and then conducted further studies focusing on ginseng as it is written in "Single-medicine prescription treatment of domestic herbs". Methods : Through a study of classical literature on Hyangyak and ginseng, information regarding the two was gathered and analyzed, with respect to both time and region. Results : All of the herbs in "Single-medicine prescription treatment of domestic herbs", the 4th volume of "Kwangjebikeup", are domestic herbs. Ginseng was a part of the flora of the Korean Peninsula from long ago and ginseng was cultivated from most of the peninsula. We confirmed cultivation of ginseng in Sungcheon, Pyungan-do and most areas of Hamgyeong-do through geography books such as "Geography Monograph of King Sejong". Because the natural environmental condition of the Korean Peninsula was conducive to growing wild ginseng, it was possible to cultivate ginseng. In the late Chosun period, cultivated ginseng was so prevalent that people would have been able to collect and use ginseng without great difficulty. In "Kwangjebikeup", ginseng shows superior efficacy in terms of first-aid. "Kwangjebikeup" contains practical herbal medicines that were based on obtainable ingredients. Conclusions : The purpose of publication of this book was to make medical knowledge available to general public in an easy-to-understand form. And through added clinical experiences of the author, we know that "Kwangjebikeup" played a role in settlement and spreading of foreign knowledge to civilians.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.178-191
• /
• 2014

Jin-Sang is a local specialty donation to the palace. A local specialty donation to the palace is classified Jehyang, Bangmul, Mulseon, Medicine according to characteristic, when, use. Among these, Mulseon Jin-Sang is Most foods. And King was reduced Mulseon Jin-Sang in order to obtain a good image of the king. King Suk-Jong was frequently reduced Mulseon. But frequently changes of goods did not reflect to document. So type of goods, quantity is not clear in early 18th century. In 1728, King Yeong-Jo was published a Jingsangbyeldandngrok to clear type of goods, quantity. This book is written area, timing, quantity of Mulseon. Among these, type of goods, quantity are important. This book was written 176 kinds of goods. These goods was most of the fishery. And raw materials are largely accounted. In addition to processing the various creatures become like dried, pickled. By analyzing the regional allocation features, there are many types order by Gyeongsang-do, Hamgyeong-do. Gangwon-do. This area is faced east sea, so many fisheries have become records. In Gyeongsang-do, Cholla-do, these area were occupied a large portion of the fruit. And Jeju Island was assigned oranges. Finally, it has been assigned dried, pickled foods than living thing in distant area.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2023.04a
• /
• pp.23-23
• /
• 2023

The Hairy labrador tea (Ledum palustre L. var. diversipilosum Nakai) is a evergreen small shrub, belonging to the Ericaceae and mainly distributed along the alpine areas of Hamgyeong-do in North Korea. Through seed physiological research on North Korean plants, we intend to obtain basic data for the development of mass propagation methods and use them for vegetation restoration. The internal and external morphological characters of the seed were observed using scanning electron microscopy or stereoscopy, and full seeds were selected through X-ray test. Seeds were cultured on a growth condition at 15/6℃ and 25/15℃ to examine the germination response according to temperature, and the number of germinated individuals was examined every 24 hours to calculate germination percentage and mean germination time. Low-temperature treatment (4℃) and hormone treatment (GA3) were performed to investigate the effect of dormancy breaking, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the experimental results using SAS 9.4. The seeds of the Hairy labrador tea were elliptical-narrow in shape, and the epidermal cell wall pattern was reticulated. The final germination rate (FGP) was the highest at 58.9% under the condition of low temperature treatment at 25/15℃. The average number of days to germination (MGT) was the highest at 25.1 days without treatment at 15/6℃, and the average of the last germination days was confirmed to be about 13 days. As a result of low temperature treatment, it was confirmed that the final germination rate (FGP) increased by 43.3%. The significance of the final germination rate (FGP) was verified according to the pretreatment at 25/15℃.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.170-183
• /
• 2019

Fiber scutching refers to the process of extracting fibers from plants by separating or extracting fibers from the raw materials. As the definition of the term implies, the "Fiber Scutching" is performed on plants with advanced bast fiber as the primary material processing technique performed on plant materials. Some of the most popular phosphorus plants are ramie, hemp, flax, and the paper mulberry, which have a long history of cultivation and a wide range of distribution, making them very universal as a material supporting human life and culture. This study was described in Oju-yeonmunjangjeon-sango but was designed to re-examine the method of breaking dried stalks, which is currently unused in Korea, to examine the feasibility and characteristics of the technology. As a result of sampling and experimenting with hemp bast using the method recorded in the literature, hemp fiber was actually produced. The criteria for removing the shell from the hemp stem were the degree of discoloration and drying, and only when the stalk was completely discolored to yellow could segregation of the stalk from the shell be performed. The amount of sunlight and temperature were conditions that accelerated drying. However, if exposed for a long time, it is confirmed that hemp bast will be in a suitable condition to process, regardless of the amount of sunlight and temperature. 'Breaking of dried stalks', which utilizes the physical power of 'threshing with a flail' is considered a core process of the fiber scutching technique in 'Yukjin' in Hamgyeong-do. The bark and the core of the hemp were separated by tapping, the bast was thinly split, and the shell was peeled off, making it suitable for collecting with thread. The method of collecting the fibers by applying physical power causes downing on the fibers, which is to be generally avoided in the manufacture of bast fabric woven hemp or ramie. However, Hamgyeong-do's fiber scutching method seems to have applied this principle to the method of making fragile fabrics by using it in reverse. This method is distinct from the steaming or boiling of the stalks' in Andong, Korea, and it is similar to the Western method of spinning fabrics.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.72
• /
• pp.299-327
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study is to examine the regional distribution of Ssireum(Traditional Wrestling) of South and North Korea in the Japanese colonial era. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the "Joseon ui hyangto orak(Folk play in Joseon)" showed the record of performing 272 times of Ssireum in 226 regions of the whole nation. Second, the Ssireum of South Korea could be divided into five regions. Seoul/Gyeonggi-do performed Ssireum the most in Dano, Baekjung, and Chuseok while Chungcheong-do performed Ssireum in Baekjung and Chuseok. Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do performed Ssireum in Chuseok while Gangwon-do performed Ssireum in Dano and Chuseok. Third, the Ssireum of North Korea could be divided into three regions. All the Hwanghae-do, Pyeongan-do, and Hamgyeong-do performed Ssireum the most in Dano. Fourth, as the period when Ssireum was held the most in the whole nation, Dano, Baekjung, and Chuseok could be pointed out. Ssireum has the characteristics of large-scale play between village communities or regions, instead of individual game. Thus, the Ssireum that was played as a sport event under certain rules for a long time was settled down as a folk play of regional festivals such as Dano, Baekjung, and Chuseok. Fifth, as a folk play and a representative play of seasonal customs, Ssireum was distributed in the whole nation and handed down till today under the regional deviation of South and North Korea. Sixth, the unidentified regions of South Korea that did not perform Ssireum were six places including five dos such as Gapyeong Gyeonggi-do, Boseong Jeollanam-do, Jeju-do, Gunwi and Cheongsong Gyeongsanbuk-do, and Inje Gangwon-do. The regions of North Korea were six places including three dos such as Pyeongyang, Yangdeok, Gangdong, and Gaecheon of Pyeongannam-do, Bakcheon Pyeonganbuk-do, and Dancheon Hamgyeongnam-do. Total 12 places in eight regions were included. Seventh, the number of total items of play names presented in the "Joseon ui hyangto orak(Folk play in Joseon)" was about 6,400 types. Out of them, about 1,300 types were the items including how to play while about 5,100 types were the items presenting the play names only without explanations. Especially, in case of Ssireum, the periods of the lunar calendar were only specified in each region. Unfortunately, it was not possible to check the contents about the actual performance methods and types of Ssireum as they were omitted.