• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2003

본 설문조사는 국내 육가공제품의 시장에 대한 소비자 의식과 구매형태를 파악하고 시장확대를 위한 기본방안 구축을 위하여 10월부터 12월까지 3개월 조사한 결과이다. 육가공제품의 구입횟수는 월 1-2회로 구입하는 소비자가 40.73%로 가장 많았고 그 다음이 주 1-2회 구입하는 것(28.07%)으로 나타났다. 햄과 소시지를 구분할 수 있는지에 대한 질문에 구분한다가 86.75%로 나타난 반면 구분하지 못한다가 13.25%로 나타났다. 햄과 소시지를 구분하지 못하는 소비자들은 그 이유로서 두 제품의 고기 함량 및 첨가내용물들이 비슷하여서라는 응답이 47.19%로 가장 많았다. 햄과 소시지를 구입할 때 가장 중요하게 고려하는 사항은 회사명(brand name)인 것으로 나타났으며(32.76%) 원료육의 종류(16.53%), 유통기한(16.38%) 및 원료육 생산지(16.23%)인 것으로 나타났다. 햄 또는 소시지 구입시 제품설명 표시내용을 읽느냐는 질문에 응답자들 중 72.25%가 그렇다고 응답한 반면 27.25%는 읽지 않는다고 응답하였다. 소비자들은 햄과 소시지 구입시 불만사항으로 소비자들이 제품내에 고기보다는 결착제를 비롯한 다른 첨가제들이 많아서 고기맛을 거의 느낄 수 없다고 응답하였으며(47.65%), 외관 및 내용물이 비슷한 제품이 너무 많다고 응답한 소비자 및 맛이 없다고 응답한 소비자가 각각 27.70%, 11.62%인 것으로 나타났다. 햄 및 소시지 제품에 대한 요구사항으로 고기 함량이 높은 제품을 생산하기를 원한다고 응답한 소비자가 64.04%였다. 햄과 소시지 제품 판매시 품질에 따른 가격차등제 실시에 대하여 찬성한다고 응답한 소비자가 83.54%인 것으로 나타나 현재 많은 소비자들이 햄과 소시지 제품의 품질에 따른 가격차등제 실시를 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 우리나라도 품질에 따른 등급기준 설정과 품질별 가격차등제 실시를 통하여 육가공 제품시장의 확대가 가능할 것으로 판단되며 이는 국내돈육의 비선호부위의 소비촉진도 가능할 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1738-1746
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate quality characteristics of reduced-salt, low-fat pork sausage (PS) using pre-rigor muscle and sea tangle extract (STE) to reduce salt level of sausages during refrigerated storage. Methods: Pork ham was prepared with pre-rigor and post-rigor muscle from the local market. Sausages using post-rigor muscle were manufactured with the 1.5% of salt content, and samples with pre-rigor muscle were processed by different salt concentrations (0.8%). Accordingly, PSs were prepared in 4 treatments (REF, PS with 1.5% of salt using post-rigor muscle; CTL, PS with 0.8% of salt using pre-rigor muscle; TRT1, PS with 0.8% of salt and 5% of STE using pre-rigor muscle; TRT2, PS with 0.8% of salt and 10% of STE using pre-rigor muscle). For the evaluation of quality characteristics and shelf-life of reduced-salt PS, pH and color values, cooking loss (%), expressible moisture (%), textural properties, lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric reactive substances), protein denaturation (volatile basic nitrogen), and microbiological analysis (total plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts) were determined. Results: The pH and temperature of pre-rigor raw pork ham were higher than those of post-rigor pork ham. Hardness of TRT2 was higher than that of REF or CTL. TRT2 had higher gumminess and chewiness than CTL. TRT1 and TRT2 had lower volatile basic nitrogen than CTL. Total plate counts of TRT2 were lower than those of CTL. Expressible moisture values of TRT1 and TRT2 were similar to those of REF. The addition of STE into PS improved functional properties and shelf-life of PS. Conclusion: Reduced-salt PS containing pre-rigor muscle and STE had similar functional properties to those of regular-salt ones, while containing approximately 47% less salt compared to regular-salt level.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.698-707
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the impacts of irradiation sources on quality attributes of low-salt sausage during refrigerated storage. Control sausage was prepared with 1.5% sodium chloride (NaCl), whereas low-salt sausage was formulated with 0.75% NaCl (a 50% reduction; L-control). Sausage samples were vacuum-packaged, and low-sausages were irradiated with gamma-ray, electron-beam and X-ray at 5 kGy, respectively. The samples were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 28 d to determine changes in quality attributes. The pH of low-salt sausages was unaffected by irradiation at 5 kGy (p>0.05). Higher redness values were found at irradiated low-salt sausages compared to control (p<0.05). The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of control sausage were higher than those of low-salt sausages (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the textural parameters between low-salt sausage treatments. The overall sensory acceptability score of irradiated/low-salt sausages were lower than L-control due to decreased scores for cooked meat flavor but increased radiolytic off-flavor (p<0.05). The initial 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values of irradiated/low-salt sausages were higher than control and L-control (p<0.05). However, the TBARS values of irradiated treatments were significantly lower than control at the end of storage. Irradiation could effectively inhibit the microorganism growth (total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas spp.) in low-salt sausages (p<0.05). Therefore, our findings show that irradiation could be to improve microbial safety of low-salt sausages, and suggest that further studies should be necessary to reducing radiolytic off-flavor of irradiated/low-salt sausages.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

This study is aimed to find out distribution status of online-market livestock products by purchasing and examining 120 cases of livestock products (seasoned meat: 17, 33 cases of packaged meat, 23 cases of ground meat, 19 cases of ham, 11 cases of sausage, 4 cases of bacon, 1 case of meat processing, 8 cases of Meat extract processed, and 4 cased of Dry storage of meat) at 17 On-line markets from April to August. 2015. We checked the weight of them first, and carried out ingredients test for each of processed meats. And we performed gene screening test on the products which were labelled 'Hanwoo' to investigate that the products were made of Korean native cattle. we also carried out test of identifying domestic animal species on ham, sausage and ground processed products. After weighing all products, we could know that all of them were delivered more than labelled weight or in allowable error. The result values of test which measured level of preservatives, Nitrite, Volatile Basic Nitrite (VBN), and tar Color by the type of processed meat products were in permissible range or not detected. Also, 17 beefs inspected Korean native cattle gene test were confirmed that they were made by real korean native cattle. But 2 cases of Ham, sausage, and ground processed products had difference between label and goods. In this study, we could make a decision that livestock products, distributed in On-line markets, were safe and expect to make higher degrees of hygiene for livestock products seller. Futhermore, we hoped result of this study could be used by basic data for progressive national policy decisions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.649-657
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• 2011

In this study, the effects of kimchi powder on the quality properties of an emulsion type sausage made with irradiated pork meat were investigated. Raw ground pork ham was gamma-irradiated at 5 and 10 kGy, and the emulsion type sausage was then manufactured with the irradiated pork meat. The pH value was shown to increase by irradiation of raw material (p<0.05). Samples containing kimchi powder had a lower pH value than other treatments, but no significant differences were observed. In a sensory evaluation, the scores of all the criteria were decreased with an increased irradiation dose of raw material, but samples containing kimchi powder had a higher sensory score than other treatments in all irradiation doses of raw material. The TBARS values were increased by irradiation of raw material and the samples containing kimchi powder had the highest value (p<0.05). Odor substances analyzed by an electronic nose were increased with increased irradiation dose of raw material in all treatments, and samples containing kimchi powder showed a higher increase of odor substances than other treatments. Thus, this study demonstrated that kimchi powder was effective in eliminating the off-odor and flavor of sausages made with irradiated pork meat despite the increase of the TBARS value.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1033-1043
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• 2020

This study investigated the impacts of gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties and lipid oxidation stability of cooked sausage. Gelatin hydrolysate was prepared from pork and duck skin gelatin, through stepwise hydrolysis using collagenase and pepsin. The cooked sausages were formulated without gelatin (control) or with 1% pork skin gelatin, 1% duck skin gelatin, 1% pork skin gelatin hydrolysate, and 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate. The pH, color characteristics, protein solubility, cooking loss, and textural properties of cooked sausages were evaluated, and the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was measured weekly to determine lipid oxidation stability during 4 wk of refrigerated storage. Enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatin decreased protein content and CIE L* but increased redness and yellowness (p<0.05). When 1% gelatin or gelatin hydrolysate was incorporated in cooked sausage, however, little to no impacts on pH value, moisture content, protein content, color characteristics, protein solubility, and cooking loss were found (p>0.05). The addition of 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate increased the cohesiveness and chewiness of cooked sausages. The inclusion of 1% duck skin gelatin accelerated lipid oxidation of cooked sausages during refrigerated storage (p<0.05), whereas duck skin gelatin hydrolysate caused a lower TBARS value in cooked sausage compared to duck skin gelatin. The results show comparable effects of gelatin and gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties of cooked sausages; however, the oxidative stability of raw materials for gelatin extraction should be evaluated clearly in further studies.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2010

기능성 물질의 첨가가 기계발골계육 회수단백질을 활용한 돈육 소시지의 저장 중 품질 및 저장성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자, 햄부위 육만을 사용한 대조구와 대비 40% 기계발골계육 회수단백질을 활용한 T1, 40% 기계발골육에 0.1% 동충하초 분말을 첨가한 T2, 0.1% CLAT3 및 0.1% 누에고치 분말을 첨가한 T4로 나눠 실험에 공시하였다. 저장 0일차와 4주차에 대조구에서 유의적으로 높은 수분 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 T1에서 가장 낮은 수분함량이 나타났으며, T2, T3 및 T4에서 T1보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 지방 함량의 경우, 저장 초기에는 대조구에서 낮은 값을, T2, T3 및 T4에서 높은 지방 함량을 보였으며, 저장 후기 즉, 4주차에는 40% 기계발골계육 회수단백질을 대체한 처리구들에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 명도는 대조구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 낮게 나타나며, 적색도 또한 대조구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 전 저장기간에 걸쳐 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 보수력의 경우, 저장기간에 따른 변화보다는 처리구들간의 비교 시 0일차와 2주차에서 대조구에 비해 T1에서 낮게 나타났으나 저장 2주차의 T1에 비해 T2에서 높은 값을 보이며(p<0.05), 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 T3 및 T4 또한 높게 나타나 40% 기계발골계육 회수단백질을 활용한 돈육 소시지의 낮은 보수력을 동충하초, CLA 및 누에고치 분말 첨가를 통해 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 경도는 대조구에서 다른 처리구들에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 응집성, 검성 및 씹힘성 또한 경도와 같은 결과를 보였다. TBARS 측정 결과, 저장기간이 증가할수록 2주째까지는 감소하다가 4주째에 모든 처리구의 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 대조구에 비해 40% 회수단백질 첨가시 높게 나타났으나, 전체적으로 기능성 물질 첨가가 TBARS 값에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. VBN 값은 저장기간이 길어 질수록 증가하며 대조구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다. 미생물 수 측정 결과, 저장기간 별 비교에서 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 증가할수록 총균수가 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 저장 2주째까지는 대조구에서 낮게 나타났으나, 저장 4주째에는 T2와 T3에서 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 40% 회수단백질의 활용은 돈육 제품의 명도 값을 낮추는 등 밝은 육색을 나타내며, 경도 등 조직 특성을 변화시켜 연한 조직감을 형성하였다. 또한 기능성 물질로 알려진 동충하초, CLA 및 누에고치 분말의 첨가는 VBN 값을 낮추었다. 그러나 기능성 물질로 알려진 동충하초, CLA 및 누에고치 등의 첨가를 통해 제품의 총균수 값을 감소시키지 못하였으며, 40% 회수단백질의 높은 TBARS 값은 제품의 품질을 떨어뜨릴 뿐만 아니라 돈육 제품의 품질 특성에 부합하는 적절한 회수단백질 첨가수준이 결정되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2008

Organic farming including organic livestock farming in EU has been extended since the latter half of the 19th century. Especially, the organic farming area of Italy, Spain, Germany and U.K. is extensive compared to other EU countries. And organic farming area has been extended rapidly in Portugal and Greece. EU will have an influence on many countries' organic farming on the history and world agriculture. If FTA reaches between Korea and EU, livestock products like ham or sausage will be imported a great deal from EU. So Korea has to establish countermeasures to livestock products export strategies of EU.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-43
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the attitude of dietitians on meat products and consumption of meat products in meal service of elementary school. Eight hundred and forty two questionnaires collected from each district of the country were statistically analyzed. Dietitians showed preference of ham and packed meat to other meat products. Dietitians had a good image on meat product regarding it as a good source of protein, imported food and diversely used food for cooking. Whereas 50% and 25.8% of dietitians concerned about the high content of preservative and sodium, respectively. More than 96% of dietitians suggested the food processing company to decrease the addition of preservatives, coloring agents, color formers and sodium. Fifty nine percent of dietitians responded they would increase the consumption of meat product if it is processed to food with low sodium, low cholesterol, low fat and no persavatives. Dietitians used ham for cooking once or twice a month. The reason they used the meat product for meal service was the preference of students and readiness of meat product for cooking. The dietitian's favorite cooking method was roasting ham or sausage with vegetable. Dietitians responded the first thing they checked for purchasing meat product was the date of processing and the term of validity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.392-405
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate food and meal preference of workers (435 male and 212 female) in the Chonnam Yeosu industrial area. The results of the survey were analyzed by principal components analysis. The results were obtained as follows: 19.3% of the subjects were twenties, 28.3% were thirties, 28.8% were forties and 23.7% were fifties. Females liked rice rolled in dried laver, rice cakes, janchi-noodle and breads, on the other hand males liked thick beef soup, loach soup, an eel stew and soju. The young liked instant noodles, fried chicken, sweet and sour pork, pork cutlet, pizza, hamburger, ham, sausage and fruit beverage, on the other hand the old liked a fish pot stew, loach soup, eel stew, fish boiled in soy with spices, panfried fish, sea slug, ascidian, bunder, green laver and boiled burdock-lotus root in soy. Females who are young liked hamburger and sweet and sour pork whereas males who are young liked instant noodles, pork cutlet, ham, sausage and fruit beverage. Aged females liked fish boiled in soy with spices, panfried fish, bunder, green laver, boiled burdock-lotus root in soy whereas aged males liked a fish pot stew, loach soup, eel stew, sea mussel and oysters. Boiled rice was located within the middle irrespective of age and sex, but noodles, wheat flour meal, fast foods and fruits were situated at the young female side. Aged males liked soup and pot stew. Young males liked meats and eggs whereas fish and shellfish and kimch were located at the aged people side. Aged females liked sea weeds and most people disliked vegetables but females liked some vegetables irrespective of age. Processed foods, salted foods, and alcohol were generally disliked foods by subjects but males liked those foods. Soybean curd was liked more males than females, and teas, except coffee, was liked by males. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 392${\sim}$405, 2009)