• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.218-222
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1984년(年) 7월(月) 6일(日)부터 8월(月) 3일(日)까지 28일간(日間), 분만모돈(分娩母豚) 40두(頭)와 분만자돈(分娩仔豚) 420두(頭)를 가지고, 분만(分娩), 포유(哺乳), 수안행동(睡眼行動)을 조사하고자 실시(實施)하였던 바, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 분만모돈(分娩母豚)은 분만시(分娩時) 좌(左) 우(右)로 누워서 분만(分娩)했으며, 분만(分娩)도중 50%는 분만자세(分娩姿勢)를 바꾸었다. 출생(出生) 자돈(仔豚)의 65.5%는 앞쪽으로 출산(出산)하였다. 포유자세(哺乳姿勢)는 좌측(左側)으로 눕는것이 51.3%였다. 2. 자돈분만시간(仔豚分娩時間)은 239.3분(分)이었고, 자돈(仔豚)과 자돈(仔豚)의 분만간격(分娩間隔)은 19.3분(分)이었다. 3. 분만후(分娩後) 첫 번째 젖을 빨려는 시도는 분만후(分娩後) 24.3분(分)이었으며, 젖꼭지 결정시기는 분만후(分娩後) 31.9시간(時間)이었다. 4. 분만일(分娩日) 자돈(仔豚)의 포유시간(哺乳時間)과 포유회수(哺乳回數)는 각각(各各) 35.8초(秒)와 24.6회(回)/1일(日)이었으며, 포유기간(哺乳期間)이 경과할수록 포유시간(哺乳時間)과 포유회수(哺乳回數)가 단축되었다. (P<.01, P<.05) 포유간격(哺乳間隔)은 분만일(分娩日)에 58.5분(分)이었으며, 포유기간(哺乳期間)이 경과할수록 포유간격(哺乳間隔)이 길어졌다. 5. 포유모돈(哺乳母豚)은 하루중 깨어있는 시간이 31.7%, 쉬는 시간이 51.6%이었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 급격한 사육환경의 변화가 가금의 생산성과 스트레스 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 한달 이상 사육실에서 방사된 하이라인 갈색 산란계를 무작위로 두 집단으로 나누어 반을 계속해서 같은 방사환경에서, 다른 나머지 반을 관행 케이지에서 수용하여 사육하였다. 이러한 갑작스런 사육환경의 변화는 산란율 그리고 농후난백의 높이를 증가시켰고 (P<0.05), Haugh unit를 증가시키는 경향이 있었다 (P<0.061). 그러나 난각두께는 감소되었고 (P<0.05), 난각색은 감소되는 경향이 있었다. 환경변화 후 5일간산란계의 체중에는 변화가 없었으며 실험 종료시에 측정된 간의 색도에도 차이가 없었다. 관행 케이지로 이동된 다음날 혈장 corticosterone 농도는 급격하게 증가하였지만 (P<0.05), 5일째에는 대조구의 수준과 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 급격한 사육환경의 변화는 스트레스 호르몬의 분비를 증가시킨다는 것을 사사한다. 그러나 제한된 실험조건 때문에 생산성에 관한 결과의 해석에 주의해야 할 필요가 있다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

사과 바이러스 4종(Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus [ACLSV], Apple stem pitting virus [ASPV], Apple stem grooving virus [ASGV], Apple mosaic virus [ApMV]), 바이로이드 1종(Apple scar skin viroid [ASSVd])을 대상으로 국내 감염률을 조사한 결과, 감염률은 97.3%로 대부분의 사과나무가 바이러스 및 바이로이드에 감염되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 지역별로는 정선 98.8%, 단양 100%, 예산 100%, 장수 89.1%, 무주 98.1%였으며, 바이러스 및 바이로이드 각각의 감염률은 ASGV 93.4%, ASPV 85.7%, ACLSV 59.0%, ASSVd 6.7%, ApMV 3.6% 순으로 ASGV의 감염률이 가장 높았고 ApMV의 감염률이 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 바이러스 및 바이로이드 2종 이상 복합 감염비율은 84.8%로 단 1종만 감염된 비율인 12.4%와 비교하여 약 7배 가까이 되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2002

The lgtB genes that encode $\beta$-1,4-galactosyltransferases from Neisseria meningitidis ATCC 13102 and gonorrhoeae ATCC 31151 were isolated by a polymerase chain reaction using the pfu DNA polymerase. They were expressed under the control of lac and T7 promoters in Escherichia coli M15 and BL21 (DE3). Although the genes were efficiently expressed in E. coli M15 at $37^{\circ}C$ (33 kDa), most of the $\beta$-1,4-galactosyltransferases that were produced were insoluble and proteolysed into enzymatically inactive polypeptides that lacked C-terminal residues (29.5 kDa and 28 kDa) during the purification steps. When the temperature of the cell growth was lowered to $25^{\circ}C$, however, the solubility of the $\beta$-1,4-galactosyltransferases increased substantially. A stable N-terminal his-tagged recombinant enzyme preparation could be achieved with E. coli BL21 (DE3) that expressed lgtB. Therefore, the cloned $\beta$-1,4-galactosyltransferases were expressed under the control of the T7 promoter in E. coli BL21 (DE3), mostly to the soluble form at $25^{\circ}C$. The proteins were easily purified to homogeneity by column chromatography using Ni-NTA resin, and were found to be active. The galactosyltransferases exhibited pH optimum at 6.5-7.0, and had an essential requirement for the $Mn^{+2}$ ions for its action. The $Mg^{+2}$ and $Ca{+2}$ ions showed about half of the galactosyltransferase activities with the $Mn^{+2}$ ion. In the presence of the $Fe^{+2}$ ion, partial activation was observed with the $\beta$-1,4-galactosyltransferase from N. meningitidis(64% of the enzyme activity with the $Mn^{+2}$$Ni^{+2}$, $Zn^{+2}$, and $Cu^{+2}$ ions could not activate the $\beta$-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity. The inhibited enzyme activity with the $Ni^{+2}$ ion was partially recovered with the $Mn^{+2}$$Fe^{+2}$, $Zn^{+2}$, and $Cu^{+2}$ ions, the $Mn^{+2}$$\beta$-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity was 1.5-fold stimulated with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 (0.1-5%).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide the information of the aged olds for which basic data are almost no available. The subjects were divided on the base of age 75. The elderly under 75 were named 'the young olds' and over 75 were 'the aged olds'. The aim of this research is to promote health and to improve nutrition, and the survey was made for health promotion behaviors, habits against health risk, dietary management status and diet intake. And it was conducted by 24 hr-recall method and analyzed by nutrients intake. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or counties in Gyeonggi Province and 20 elderly people (10 male and 10 female) were selected out of 1 village in each district. Questionnaire about health behavior and dietary management was carried out by interview method through regional home extension workers. Statistical analyses were made by SAS (version 8.1) and Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were used. Out of the subjects the aged olds over 75 was 31.9%, elementary school educated (93.5%), with spouse (40.3%), with adult children(28.6%), monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(40.3%). Mean age was 78.82 years compared with 69.75 years of the young olds. 46.8% of the aged olds used monthly pocket money over 1000 won and it was lower than 63.3% of the young olds. Only half of the aged olds had regular exercise of walking (77.8%) or with athletic equipment (17.8%). However, the young olds did more frequent walking (82.1 %) and less exercise with athletic equipment (4.8 %), which was significantly different. Kinds of disease were different with the young or the aged olds, as more proportion of cardiovascular disease(37.9%) for the young olds and joint lumbago neuralgia(41.6%) for the aged olds. Dietary management was good (3 meals per day: 93.4%, fixed mealtime: 72.4%, and regular amount: 79.9%). But there was significant difference in side dish varieties and kinds of snacks; for the aged olds only 8% had over 5 sorts (compared with 18.8% of the young olds) and the kinds of snacks were cookie, candy, juice, carbonated beverage for the aged olds (compared with noodle, milk, soybean-milk for young olds). The ratio of nutrients intake (energy, riboflavin and niacin) with RDA was significantly higher for the aged olds than that of the young olds. The surveyed subjects had no difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), but some of the aged olds had difficulties in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) like housekeeping, using transportation, going shopping and making phone calls. These results suggest that low quality of life is linked with low economic status of the rural elderly and congregate meal at village hall would be required because of the lack of side dishes variety for the aged olds. And nutrition education program about good snacks and exercise practice would be needed for the aged olds. By operating nutrition education program the aged olds would enjoy better quality life maintaining or ameliorating IADL abilities.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제61권
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• pp.9-35
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• 2020

네덜란드에서 20세기 중반부터 교사, 학생, 그리고 가족의 구성은 세속화 시대와 다원주의 시대라는 이름으로 급속히 변화하고 있다. 더 이른 시기에 부모의 종교적이고 혹은 세속적인 세계관 그리고 학교의 교육 철학은 서로의 차이를 조율하며 학생의 정체성 발달에 대한 일원화된 관점으로 결합되었다. 양쪽 모두 부모의 가족 내의 사회화와 양육 방식 그리고 교사의 학교에서의 문화화의 노력은 유사한 방향으로 흘러갔다. 부모의 학교 선택은 특별한 종교적 세계관에 대한 헌식으로 결정되었고, 종종 기독교에 대한 감흥과도 같다. 학생들의 종교적 정체성도 분명한 모습으로 발전했다. 그러나 최근에 가정과 학교에서 다문화성은 부모와 교사들에게 주도적이다. 신앙 공동체와 성도들의 관계 속에서 다른 문화와 종교적 배경을 가진 부모에게 익숙한 학교의 건물과 분위기는 학교를 선택하는 과정에서 매우 결정적이다. 교사의 전문적인 정체성과 학생의 종교적 정체성은 다원적인 환경에서 발전한다. 우리의 질문은 교사의 규범적 전문주의가 의미하는 바이다. 그러나 최근에 가정과 학교에서 다문화성은 부모와 교사들에게 주도적이다. 신앙 공동체와 성도들의 관계 속에서 다른 문화와 종교적 배경을 가진 부모에게 익숙한 학교의 건물과 분위기는 학교를 선택하는 과정에서 매우 결정적이다. 교사의 전문적인 정체성과 학생의 종교적 정체성은 다원적인 환경에서 발전한다. 우리의 질문은 교사의 규범적 전문주의가 의미하는 바이다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2008

Roots of Ophiorrhiza prostrata D. Don serve as a rich source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer drug. Because of the large-scale collection of its roots, the plant has become a threatened species. The present study accomplishes the induction of adventitious roots as a means for the production of CPT as well as for the large-scale propagation of this anticancer drug plant using leaf and internode explants. The biomass yield and CPT content of adventitious roots induced from different explants were compared to roots developed on ex vitro rooted stem cuttings. Adventitious roots were produced on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $10.74{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid and $2.32{\mu}M$ kinetin at mean fresh weights of 0.753, 0.739 and 0.748 g roots from leaf, internode and shoot, respectively. CPT yield from in vitro derived roots after 50, 80 and 120 days of incubation (0.028, 0.06 and 0.1% dry weight, respectively) was not significantly different from those harvested at the same age from ex vitro rooted (0.03, 0.06 and 0.13%, respectively) stem cuttings. CPT from subcultured roots derived from solid (0.08%) medium was lower than from suspension culture medium (0.12%). Subsequent cultures of the adventitious roots showed a stable production of CPT (0.16%). The yield of CPT from 360-day-old plant-derived roots was 0.19%. Elicitation using methyl jasmonate and acetyl salicylic acid exhibited no enhancement in CPT yield. In vitro propagation through direct shoot regeneration was achieved from the adventitious roots upon transfer to MS medium with $8.87{\mu}M$ $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) and $2.46{\mu}M$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with a mean of 21.2 shoots per culture in 50 days. The shoots upon subculture on medium having the same level of BA and IBA underwent rapid proliferation. The shoots transferred to field conditions after in vitro rooting exhibited 95% survival. Adventitious root induction, from leaf and internode explants, enables the feasible production of CPT as well as the large-scale rapid propagation of this species which can safeguard it from extinction.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand consumer awareness and preference regarding rice cakes by surveying the awareness, preference, and consumption behavior of college students regarding rice cakes, and to survey their perception and usage of rice cakes, thereby using the results as basic data to establish measures to develop Korea's rice cakes. To sum up the study's results, the survey included both male (54.5%) and female (45.5%) subjects. Those aged "20 to 23" accounted for the largest share (67.9%) of total respondents, and those majoring in "humanities and social studies" comprised the largest portion (47.8%). A majority of the respondents resided in "small and medium-sized cities", and most either lived at home or lived away from their families. A majority of the subjects received monthly allowances ranging from 200,000 to 300,000 won. In order of awareness, the most well-known type of rice cake was "injeolmi (rice cake made from glutinous rice and coated with bean flour)", followed by "songpyeon (half-moon-shaped rice cake)", "garaeddeok (bar rice cake)", and "baekseolgi (steamed white rice cake)". The women were better aware of "injeolmi", "baekseolgi", and "garaeddeok" than the men, and "soemeoriddeok" was not commonly known among either gender. In terms of preferences for rice cakes, overall, the subjects liked "injeolmi" and "songpyeon" the most. However, certain differences were found in preferences for rice cakes between the men and women. The women exhibited higher levels of preference for "injeolmi" and "songpyeon" than the men. On the other hand, the men revealed higher levels of preference for "baekseolgi", "jeolpyeon", and "garaeddeok" than the women. The most common answer to important factors for popularizing rice cakes was "a diverse assortment of rice cakes", followed by "the development of creative technologies" and "the taste of rice cakes reflecting consumer needs", in order of importance. Among the important factors to popularize rice cakes, "the development of unique packaging containers for rice cakes" (p<0.05) and "the development of proper packaging materials" (p<0.05) showed statistically significant differences. In the survey of consumption of rice cakes, the most frequent answer to the question "why do you like rice cakes? was "their tastes are good" with 146 respondents, followed by "I have been eating them for long" with 115 respondents. To the question "when do you use rice cakes", the most frequent answer was "I use them in daily life" with 133 respondents, followed by "I use them at special events" with 115 respondents. The women were found to use rice cakes frequently in daily life, whereas the men used them frequently at special events. When asked whether they had the intention to use rice cakes as a meal substitute, 100 men answered that they had no intention, whereas 96 women answered that they had the intention. When asked about the type of rice cake considered suitable for a meal substitute, the most popular answer was "injeolmi" with 108 respondents, followed by "baekseolgi" with 106 respondents.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2008년도 Proceedings of the Convention
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• pp.5-20
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• 2008

GLP 1 기반의 약(GLP-1 유도체와 DPP IV 저해제)과 인크레틴 유사체는 최근 가장 각광을 받는 2당뇨 치료제 계열 중 하나이다. GLP-1은 위장에서 분비되는 핍타이드 인크레틴 호르몬으로서 췌장으로부터의 당-의존적 인슐린 분비를 증진하고, 위장통과를 지연시키며, 췌장 베타세포의 증식을 촉진한다. DPP IV 저해제는 GLP-1 불활성화시키는 DPP IV 효소의 활성을 저해함으로써 인크레틴처럼 작용한다. LC15-0133은 경쟁적, 가역적 DPP IV 저해제 ($IC_{50}$ = 24 nM, Ki=0.247 nM)이며, DPP II, DPP 8, 엘라스타제, 트릴신, 유로키나제에 비해 DPPIV 에 대한 선택적 억제 효능이 우수하다. LC15-0133 랫과 개에서 긴 반감기와, 우수한 경구흡수율을 보였다. LC15-0133 랫과 개에서 각각 0.1 mg/kg 0.02 mg/kg 용량으로 경구투여하고 24시간이 지난 후에도 50%이상의 혈장 DPP IV 활성 억제효능을 유지하였다. C57BL/6 마우스에서 LC15-013301 경구당부하에 의한 혈당증가를 억제하는 최소유효용량은 0.01 mg/kg, 당에 의한 GLP-1 분비를 증가시키는 최소유효용량은 0.1 mg/kg 이다. Zucker 당뇨 랫에서 LC15-01331의 1개월간의 경구반복투여는 당뇨병으로의 진행을 지연시키고, 혈중 HbA1c 감소시켰다. 결론적으로, LC15-0133은 신규의 강력하고, 선택적인 경구 DPP IV 저해제이며, 여러가지 동물모델에서 탁월한 혈당강하효능을 보였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2003

본 연구는 육계분 혐기 또는 퇴적 발효사료 제조 시의 적정 당밀 첨가 수준을 도출하고, 발효 전 후의 영양적 및 발효 성상의 변화를 구명하고, 펠렛 처리 효과를 평가하며, 그리고 기존의 한우 사양 체계에서의 당밀 또는 펠렛 처리된 육계분 발효사료 급여 시 한우에 의한 기호성 개선 통한 적응기간 단축 효과를 평가하고자 실시되었다. 육계분의 혐기발효 시 경제적이고도 효과적으로 혐기발효를 일으키는 당밀 적정 첨가 수준은 5%인 것으로 사료되었다. 육계분의 혐기 또는 퇴적발효 시 당밀 5% 첨가는 발효 성상을 향상시키나(P<0.05), 화학적 성분과 in vitro 영양소 소화율에는 현저한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 육계분 퇴적발효사료의 펠렛화는 밀도(중량/부피)를 3배정도 증가시키고, 수분을 현저히(P<0.05) 증발시켰으나, 약간의 유기물 감소(P<0.05) 현상을 보였다. 육계분 발효사료를 펠렛 처리 또는 당밀 첨가는 한우에 의한 기호성을 뚜렷하게 향상시켰으며, 결과적으로 한우의 이들 사료에 대한 적응기간을 반 정도(8-9일)로 단축시켰다. 종합적으로 육계분 발효사료 제조 시 당밀 첨가 또는 펠렛 처리는 사료영양적 가치를 유지하면서 적응기간동안의 한우 기호성을 현저하게 개선시키는 효과가 있었다.