• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.286-293
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• 1991

$^{123}I$, which is applied for the thyroid and other in vivo kinetic study, has a special role in life sciences. The 159 KeV $\gamma-ray$ from $^{123}I$ is almost ideally appropriate for the current imaging instrumentation. Its decay mode (electron capture) and short half-life (13.3 hr) reduced the burden of radiation dose to the patients, and its chemical property makes it easy to synthesize the labelling compounds. In this experiment, the production of $^{123}I$ via the nuclear reaction $^{124}Te(p,2n)^{123}I$ with 28 MeV protons was sutdied. $TeO_2$ is used as a target material, because it has good physical properties. The target was prepared with $TeO_2$ powder and was molten into a ellipsoidal cavity (a=14 mm, b=10 mm, $270.8mg/cm^2$ thick) of pure platinum. The irradiation was carried out in the external proton beam with incident energies range from 28 MeV to 22 MeV, and current was $30{\mu}A$. The loss of $TeO_2$ target was significantly reduced by using $4\pi-cooling$ system in irradiation. The dry distillation method was adopted for the separation of $^{123}I$ from irradiated target, and when it was kept 5 minutes at $780^{\circ}C$, its result was quantitative. The loss of the target material $(TeO_2)$ was below 0.2% for each production run and $^{123}I$ from the dry distillation apparatus was captured with 0.01 N NaOH in $Na^{123}I$ form, then the pH of the solution was adjusted to $7.5\sim9.0$ with HC1/NaOH. The $Na^{123}I$ solution was passed through $0.2{\mu}m$ membrane filter, and sterilized under high pressure and temperature for 30 minutes. The production of $^{123}I$ is acceptable for clinical application based on the quality of USP XXI.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 1992

Pharmacologic coronary vasodilation in conjunction with myocardial scintigraphy has become an accepted alternative to dynamic exercise testing for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Although dipyridamole has traditionally been used for this purpose, it causes frequent side effect, which at times can be life-threatening. Moreover, dipyridamole dose not elicit maximal coronary vasodilation in a substantial number of patients receiving the usual i.v. dose. Adenosine is an endogenously produced compound that has significant effects as a coronary vasodilator and rapid onset action and extremely short half-life (< 10 seconds). The diagnostic accuracy and safety profile of adenosine $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial scintigraphy were evaluated and comparison with exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ was performed. Twenty-eight subjects underwent $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ imaging after adenosine infusion and exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ imaging. Adenosine was infused intravenously at a dose of 0.14mg/kg/body weight per minute for 6 min and MIBI was injected at 3 minute. Adenosine caused an incerease in heart rate ($64{\pm}12$ at baseline versus $74{\pm}16$ beats/min at peak effect, p<0.001), a mild decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a slightly increase in PR interval(p; NS). Side effects were reported in 92% of patients and were mostly mild in nature and promptly resolved within 1 or 2 minutes of termination of adenosine infusion. Facial flushing (53%), chest pain (36%), mild dyspnea (39%), headache (21%), throat discomfort (21%) were frequent symptoms. ST segment depression (> 1 mm) and second degree AV block in electrocardiography occured in 11% of the patients, respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity for individual coronary stenoses in 16 patients underwent coronary angiography were 88% and 95%, respectively. The agreement ratio of segmental perfusion between adenosine and exercise images was 92% (Kappa index=0.82). In conclusion, $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with intravenous adenosine is a feasible, safe and highly accurate noninvasive technique for the detection of coronary artery disease and results are at least comparable with those of exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ scintigraphy.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.246-260
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• 2013

This study examines the awareness of traditional Korean food culture among immigrant housewives in multicultural families, with the aim of introducing educational plans suitably designed for them. Our survey shows that Korean traditional holidays most well-known to the immigrant housewives are New Year's Day and Chusuk. Sambok and Chusuk are at the top in terms of preference. Samgyetang, Ddukguk, and Ogokbab are among the best known festive food to immigrant housewives for holidays such as New Year's Day, Jeongwol Daeboreum, Sambok, Chusuk, and Dongji; Samgyetang is the most preferred food, followed by Ddukguk and Patjuk. In addition, a vast majority of immigrant housewives who have ever attended Korean traditional cuisine education programs found the need for such an experience, with the score of 4.16 out of 5. In addition, the survey shows the order in which the immigrant housewives want to learn: the recipe of Korean food (53.5%), followed by table setting and manners (16.5%) and then nutrition (15%). The recipe of interest for most respondents is the one concerning daily food (69.5%). And more than half of the respondents prefer cooking practice as a desirable educational method. The difficulties that they have when attending such an educational course are usually inability to understand the language, difficulty in identifying the ingredients (seasonal), and lack of cultural understanding. The most preferred educational method is direct lecture (71.5%), followed by written materials such as books and newspaper (10.5%) and the Internet (9.5%). Finally, strategies for promoting traditional food culture are suggested as following: developing educational resources (31.5%), making various educational programs more available (25%), narrowing the cultural gap (22%), and improving the educational environment (21.5%). Therefore, this study proposes that there is a need to develop and diffuse Korean traditional food culture first, and then provide many immigrant housewives with a variety of educational programs. It is expected that these efforts will solve the problems caused by cultural differences in the early stage of international marriages and eventually contribute to the harmony in multicultural families.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1670-1674
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• 2007

Duffy binding protein (DBP) plays a critical role in Plasmodium vivax invasion of human red blood cells. We previously reported a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) that was specific to P. vivax DBP (PvDBP). However, the stabilization and the half-life of scFvs have not been studied. Here, we investigated the effect of PEGylated scFvs on their biological activity and stability in vitro. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that three clones (SFDBII-12, -58, and -92) were formed as monomers (about 70 kDa) with PEGylation. Clone SFDBII-58 gave the highest yield of PEGylated scFv. Binding analysis using BIAcore between DBP and scFv showed that both SFDBII-12 and -58 were decreased approximately by two folds at the level of binding affinity to DBP after PEGylation. However, the SFDBII-92 clone still showed a relatively high level of binding affinity ($K_D=1.02{\times}10^{-7}\;M$). Binding inhibition assay showed that PEGylated scFv was still able to competitively bind the PvDBP and playa critical role in inhibiting the interactions between PvDBP protein expressed on the surface of Cos-7 cells and Duffy receptor on the surface of erythrocytes. When both scFvs and their PEGylated counterparts were exposed to trypsin, scFv was completely degraded only after 24 h, whereas 35% of PEGylated scFvs remained intact, maintaining their stability against the proteolytic attack of trypsin until 72 h. Taken together, these results suggest that the PEGylated scFvs retain their stability against proteolytic enzymes in vivo, with no significant loss in their binding affinity to target antigen, DBP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1532-1539
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• 2012

The ${\alpha}$-galactosidase-coding gene agaAJB13 was cloned from Sphingomonas sp. JB13 showing 16S rDNA (1,343 bp) identities of ${\leq}97.2%$ with other identified Sphingomonas strains. agaAJB13 (2,217 bp; 64.9% GC content) encodes a 738-residue polypeptide (AgaAJB13) with a calculated mass of 82.3 kDa. AgaAJB13 showed the highest identity of 61.4% with the putative glycosyl hydrolase family 36 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase from Granulicella mallensis MP5ACTX8 (EFI56085). AgaAJB13 also showed <37% identities with reported protease-resistant or Sphingomonas ${\alpha}$-galactosidases. A sequence analysis revealed different catalytic motifs between reported Sphingomonas ${\alpha}$-galactosidases (KXD and RXXXD) and AgaAJB13 (KWD and SDXXDXXXR). Recombinant AgaAJB13 (rAgaAJB13) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified rAgaAJB13 was characterized using p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranoside as the substrate and showed an apparent optimum at pH 5.0 and $60^{\circ}C$ and strong resistance to trypsin and proteinase K digestion. Compared with reported proteaseresistant ${\alpha}$-galactosidases showing thermolability at $50^{\circ}C$ or $60^{\circ}C$ and specific activities of <71 U/mg with or without protease treatments, rAgaAJB13 exhibited a better thermal stability (half-life of >60 min at $60^{\circ}C$) and higher specific activities (225.0-256.5 U/mg). These sequence and enzymatic properties suggest AgaAJB13 is the first identified and characterized Sphingomonas ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, and shows novel protease resistance with a potential value for basic research and industrial applications.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

편평태선은 피부와 점막에 발생하는 만성 염증성 질환으로써 신체 여러 부위에 침범하여 매우 다양한 임상소견을 나타낸다. 아직 정확한 원인은 밝혀지지 않았으나 피부나 점막에서 유도된 항원변화에 대한 상피와 결체조직 사이의 세포매개성 면역반응에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 중년 여성에서 호발하고, 증상의 악화와 완화가 번갈아 일어나는 것이 이 질환의 특징으로, 정신적 스트레스, 유전적 요인, 환경적 요인, 약물 등의 여러 요소가 증상의 악화에 관여하는 것으로 추정된다. 피부 편평태선 환자의 60-70%에서 구강 편평태선이 동반되고, 구강 편평태선 환자의 2/3 가량이 단독병소로써 나타난다. 이번 연구에서는 정서적 스트레스가 구강 편평태선을 악화시키는데 있어 어떤 영향을 미치는지 평가하고자 한다. 임상검사 혹은 조직검사 결과 구강 편평태선으로 진단된 환자 30명과 치과대학 학생들의 부모들 중 구강 편평태선의 증상 및 병력이 없는 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 스트레스 상황의 평가를 위해서는 한국적 문화에 맞게 적절하게 변형한 Holmes와 Rahe의 사회적 재적응 평정척도 설문지(SRRS)를 이용하였다. 분석결과 구강 편평태선 환자들이 대조군에 비해 최근 1년 동안 더 많은 수의 스트레스성 사건들을 경험한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.2059-2065
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• 2013

This goal of this research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for breast cancer in the Republic of Korea from a government expenditure perspective. In 2002-2003 (baseline), a total of 8,724,860 women aged 40 years or over were invited to attend breast cancer screening by the NCSP. Those who attended were identified using the NCSP database, and women were divided into two groups, women who attended screening at baseline (screened group) and those who did not (non-screened group). Breast cancer diagnosis in both groups at baseline, and during 5-year follow-up was identified using the Korean Central Cancer Registry. The effectiveness of the NCSP for breast cancer was estimated by comparing 5-year survival and life years saved (LYS) between the screened and the unscreened groups, measured using mortality data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and the National Health Statistical Office. Direct screening costs, indirect screening costs, and productivity costs were considered in different combinations in the model. When all three of these costs were considered together, the incremental cost to save one life year of a breast cancer patient was 42,305,000 Korean Won (KW) (1 USD=1,088 KW) for the screened group compared to the non-screened group. In sensitivity analyses, reducing the false-positive rate of the screening program by half was the most cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, ICER=30,110,852 KW/LYS) strategy. When the upper age limit for screening was set at 70 years, it became more cost-effective (ICER=39,641,823 KW/LYS) than when no upper age limit was set. The NCSP for breast cancer in Korea seems to be accepted as cost-effective as ICER estimates were around the Gross Domestic Product. However, cost-effectiveness could be further improved by increasing the sensitivity of breast cancer screening and by setting appropriate age limits.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2007

In order to investigate the ecological factors affecting milk intake frequency of adolescents, the questionnaire survey was conducted with 929 middle and high school students living in Chungnam urban area through October and November 2004. The subjects consumed milk 8.6$\pm$6.7 times per week, other beverages 4.4$\pm$4.1 times per week and drinking water 3.7$\pm$2.1 cups per day. Of the students 77.3% took balanced meals, 72.8% ate regularly and 36.2% ate adequate amount. About 61% had breakfast everyday and nearly a half students snacked once a day. Nutritional knowledge scores about milk was 7.2$\pm$1.7 and milk attitude scores was 28.1$\pm$6.5. The subjects spent daily 1.8$\pm$1.1, 1.9$\pm$1.1, and 1.0$\pm$0.5 hours for computer use, TV watching and exercise, respectively. Milk intake frequencies were positively correlated with excercise, snack frequency, meal balance and regularity, breakfast frequency, food attitude score and milk preference, while showed negative correlationships with TV watching and computer use. Intake frequency of fruit-tasted and chocolate milk showed inverse correlation with nutritional knowledge. Subjects without either school store or vending machine took milk more frequently than those with one or both did. Of the correlated variables, milk preference was the most important influencing factor to milk intake frequency according to the stepwise linear regression analysis, which presented other 5 important influencing factors as food attitude, school vending facilities, excercise, snacking frequency and watching TV. In conclusion, the improvement of milk preference is the most important and effective way to promote milk consumption in adolescents. The favorite ways of drinking milk, nutritional benefit of milk, healthy beverage and good snacking should be taught in nutrition education. Also physical activities should be recommended to students rather than watching TV, computer use and vending facilities selling soft drinks should be limited to be established inside school.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2010

트라이애슬론은 수영, 사이클, 달리기로 구성된 스포츠로 단일종목의 스포츠에 참가할 때 보다 잠재적인 의학적 위험요인을 더 많이 포함하고 있다. 과사용은 스트레스의 증가와 뼈, 관절, 근육, 건 또는 신경의 손상을 일으키며, 지금까지 트라이애슬론 훈련과 경기 중에 발생될 수 있는 과사용 부상은 목통증, 요통, 근육과 건 부상, 인대부상, 만성적인 통증 등이며, 대부분의 과사용 부상은 달리기 훈련시 가장 많이 발생된다. 또한 트라이애슬론 참가자들은 다양한 자연환경과 경기거리에서 완주해야 하는 만큼 부상 이외의 의학적 문제에 직면할 수 있으며, 현재까지 트라이애슬론과 관련하여 보고되고 있는 의학적 위험요인들은 저체온증, 저나트륨혈증, 일사병, 자외선에 과도한 노출, 면역억압, 심리적인 탈진현상, 용혈증 등을 포함하고 있다. ID 경기 중에 발생 할 수 있는 의학적 문제들 가운데 가장 빈번하게 발생하는 증상은 탈진과 탈수현상이며, 그 다음으로 나타나는 문제점들은 저나트륨혈증, 열부상, 저혈압, 화상과 물집, 근육경련 등이다. 그러나 SD와 OD 경기 중에는 달리기 속도가 빠르고 더 높은 강도에서 경기가 진행되기 때문에 일사병의 발생 위험이 더 높고, 경기 시간이 짧은 관계로 저나트륨혈증은 발생하지 않는다. 본 연구는 트라이애슬론 훈련과 경기 중에 발생 될 수 있는 과사용 부상과 의학적 위험 요인에 대한 연구문헌들을 고찰하여 스포츠 활동에 직접 참여하는 엘리트 선수 및 동호인 그리고 스포츠 현장에서 선수들을 지도하는 코치와 대회를 주최하는 관계자들에게 트라이애슬론과 관련된 과사용 부상과 의학적 위험요인에 대한 기초자료를 제공하여 이러한 위험요인들을 미연에 예방하거나 감소시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2020

본 연구는 재래흑염소와 교잡종 염소 총 304두를 대상으로 Microsatellite (MS) marker의 대립유전자형 분석을 통해 염소의 개체식별과 친자확인을 목적으로 실시하였다. 각 MS marker 별 대립유전자형의 다형성을 토대로 11종의 MS marker를 선발하였다. 선발된 MS marker를 사용할 경우 동일한 유전자형을 가진 개체가 출현할 확률이 무작위, 반형매 교배집단에서 각각 5.58×10^-10, 1.15×10^-7으로 분석되었다. 또한 친자감정 확률은 부모의 정보가 있을 경우 0.999996, 부모의 정보가 없을 경우 0.999833으로 분석되어 국내에서 사육하고 있는 염소들의 개체식별 및 친자확인이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 국내 재래흑염소 4 계통과 교잡종 염소들 간의 혈연관계 분석을 통해 국내 재래흑염소의 유전적 특성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 염소의 개량 기반 구축에 필요한 개체관리와 친자감별 및 향후 염소고기의 생산 이력 구축에 유용하게 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.