• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 다마스크 장미 내 고분자 당단백을 bioconversion 기술을 이용하여 저분자화한 다마스크 장미추출물(Rosa damascena extract containing low molecular glycoprotein, RELG)의 항노화 효능을 측정하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 이용한 RELG의 항산화능 평가($IC_{50}$)는 $22.6{\mu}g/mL$으로 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid $21.1{\mu}g/mL$와 비교하여 비슷한 수준의 항산화능을 나타내었고 피부세포실험에서는 $15{\mu}g/mL$에서 자외선과 $H_2O_2$에 의한 활성산소 생성을 28% 억제하였다. 또한 같은 농도에서 자외선에 의한 콜라겐 분해효소(MMP-1)의 생성을 48% 억제하고 $10{\mu}g/mL$에서 대조군 대비 보습인자인 aquaporin 3 (AQP3)의 발현을 44%, 중성지질 생합성을 10% 촉진하여 항주름 효능과 더불어 보습효능까지 나타냈다. 추가적으로 두피 모유두세포에서는 스트레스로 인한 세포사멸을 $15{\mu}g/mL$에서 10% 억제하고 활성산소의 생성을 90% 감소시켰다. 본 연구 결과, RELG는 효과적인 항노화 화장품 소재임을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

일차 섬모(primary cilia)는 세포에서 안테나처럼 돌출되어 나온 기관인데, 외부 자극에 반응할 수 있는 각종 수용체와 채널, 신호 전달 인자들을 가지고 있다. 피부는 자외선, 온도, 습도, 중력, 장력 등 외부 환경에 반응하여 멜라닌이나 콜라겐을 만들고 피부 장벽을 형성한다. 피부에서는 일차 섬모가 없으면 헤어의 생성이나 각질의 분화가 억제된다는 보고가 있다. 또한 피부 색소 생성과 관련하여서는 일차 섬모가 sonic hedgehog-smoothened-GLI2 신호 전달에 의해 활성화되면 멜라닌 생성이 억제된다는 것이 알려져 있다. 피부가 자외선을 받으면 멜라닌 생성 호르몬의 양이 증가하고 멜라닌 생성 호르몬은 멜라닌 생성 세포 내 cAMP의 양을 증가시켜 멜라닌 생성 효소의 발현을 높인다. 이에 멜라닌 생성 호르몬과 세포 내 cAMP의 양을 증가시키는 물질을 처리하여 멜라닌 생성을 높였을 때 일차 섬모의 변화를 확인한 결과 일차 섬모가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 기존 미백 원료인 유용성 감초 추출물(an ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (EGG) root)과 Melasolv (3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamate thymol ester (TCTE))가 일차 섬모의 발현을 증가시키고 멜라닌 생성 효소인 tyrosinase의 발현을 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 일차 섬모를 조절할 수 있다면 피부 색소 침착을 효과적으로 조절할 수 있을 것이다.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2008

케라틴은 울, 머리카락, 손톱 등을 형성하는 섬유단백질의 주요성분으로 유용한 생체재료이다. 골수간염 줄기세포를 이용한 조직공학 적용을 위해 Poly(4-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)에 함량별로 케라틴을 함유한 지지체를 용매 캐스팅/염 추출법을 이용하여 제조하였다. 제조된 지지체의 표면과 단면의 형태를 전자현미경(SEM)으로 관찰하고 특성분석을 위해 다공도, 표면 적심성, 물 흡수성, 그리고 열적성질을 분석하였다. 이 후 쥐에서 분리한 골수간엽줄기세포를 지지체에 파종하여 세포의 증식율을 (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) 분석방법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 천연/합성 하이브리드 담체인 케라틴/PLGA 지지체는 PLGA 단독으로 제조된 지지체와 비교 시 골수간엽줄기세포의 생장에 유익한 환경을 제공함을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

미세먼지와 초미세먼지는 일반적으로 사람 머리카락의 두께에 비하여 각각 1/6 ~ 1/7, 1/20 ~ 1/30 정도로 매우 작은 부유성 먼지를 뜻하며, 다양한 종류의 중금속 이온이 내포되어 있다. 호흡뿐 아니라 피부의 모공 틈새를 통해서 유입된 미세먼지는 체내 조직과 피부 건강에 문제를 유발할 수 있기 때문에 유입을 막거나 깨끗이 씻어내어 제거해야 한다. 본 연구를 통해 Oryza sativa (Rice) bran oil (OSBO, 쌀겨오일)을 이용하면 중금속 이온을 흡착하여 제거할 수 있을 것이라는 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한, 세포독성 실험을 통해 세포 생존율이 곡물 유래 성분과 비교했을 때에도 월등히 높아 외부 자극원에 대한 세포 보호 효과를 기대할 수 있다. COL1A1 mRNA의 발현량이 높아짐을 확인하였고, 이에 따라 미세먼지 속 중금속 이온에 의해 손실된 수분으로 유발될 수 있는 주름을 완화할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 최종적으로 중금속 제거를 위한 워시-오프 제형의 OSBO 함유 화장품을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2023

최근 다양한 외부 요인에 의해 민감해진 피부를 진정시키기 위해 더욱 안전하고 효과적인 진정 소재 개발에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항염 효능으로 잘 알려진 마치현 추출물을 기반으로 애엽, 홍경천 추출물을 혼합함으로써 COMPAREX를 제조하고, 피부 진정 효능에 미치는 영향을 마치현 단일 추출물과 비교하였다. 실험 결과, COMPAREX는 마치현 추출물 보다 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO 생성을 더욱 억제시키고, 염증성 인자인 iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6의 발현을 현저히 억제시킴으로써 염증완화 효능이 더 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 또한, COMPAREX는 마치현 추출물 보다 SDS 자극에 대해 IL-1α의 유전자 및 단백질 발현을 더욱 억제시킴으로써 진정 효능이 더 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 추가적으로, 모발세포에서 COMPAREX는 PM_2.5에 의해 증가된 COX-2, IL-8의 발현을 억제시켜 두피 염증 완화 효능이 있으며, carbonylated protein을 저해시킴으로써 외부 자극으로부터 손상된 두피를 보호할 수 있는 효능을 확인하였다. 따라서, COMPAREX는 마치현 단일 추출물 보다 개선된 천연 진정 소재로의 활용 가능성을 보였고, 향후 더마 코스메틱 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2002

Astrocyte, which shares the greatest part of the brain (about 25%), is a land of glial cell that composes the central nervous system along with microglia, ependymal cell and oligodendroglia. It has 7-9nm of fibers in its cytoplasma, which are composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. As for the functions of the astrocyte, it has, so far, been supposed that the astrocyte will play a cytoskeletal role in maintaining the structure of the cerebrum, play a role as a blood-brain barrier so that it can induce migration of the neuron in its development and substances in the blood cannot go into the nervous tissue, and a role of immunology and phagocytosis. However, it was revealed today that it will be a role in preventing expansion of injury by attaching itself to the connective tissue such as the vessel and the pia mater when the nervous tissue or the arachnoid is injured. Microcurrent stimulation can control current, on the basis of A unit. That is, with such devices using it, it is possible to sense, from the outside, the injured current(wound current) of the lesion and to change it into the normal current, thereby promoting the restoration of the cells. In order to examine the effects of microcurrent stimulation on the injured astrocytes in the rabbits, this study was conducted with 24 New Zealand White Rabbit as its subjects, which were divided into 8 animals of the experiment group and 16 animals of the control group. After the animals in the experiment group were fixed to the stereotaxic apparatus, their hair was removed and their premotor area(association area) perforated by the micro-drill for skull-perforation with the depth of 8mm from the scalp. In one week after the injury, 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were sacrificed and examined with immunohistochemical method. And in three weeks, the remaining 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were also sacrificed and examined with the same way. The conclusion has been drawn as follows : In the control group sacrificed in one week after the injury, the astrocytes somewhat increased, compared with the normal animals, and in the group sacrificed in three weeks after the injury, they increased more (p < 0.05). The experiment group A in one week showed a little increase, but there was no significant differences, but the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase, compared with the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). The experiment group B in one week showed more increase than the control group or the experiment group A, and the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase than the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). Among the astrocytes, fibrous astrocytes were mostly observed, increasing as they are close to the lesion, and decreasing as they are remote from it. The findings show that microcurrent can cause the astrocytes to proliferate and that it will be more effective to stimulate the cervical part somewhat remote from the lesion rather than to directly stimulate the part of the lesion. Thus, microcurrent stimulation can be one of the methods that can activate the reaction of astrocytes, which is one of the mechanism for treating cerebral injury with hemorrhage. Therefore, this study will be used as basic research data for promoting restoration of functions in the patient with injury in the central nervous system.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.347-364
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• 2006

This study is concerned with assessment of diethylnitrosamine (DEN 0.01 %) induced liver cell carcinogenesis by measurement of changes preceding the development of neoplasms. Therefore, it was undertaken to investigate changes of liver-specific enzyme activities in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by ad libitum feeding of DEN. And also. the changes of hepatic morphology in SD rats were detected by haematoxylineosin stain and immunohistochemistry (PCNA). 5- Fluorouracil (5- FU) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents for digestive cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, and is known to affect the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, SD rats were given drinking water containing 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 8 weeks. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of hair and decreased amount of water and diet intake were observed in rats 4 weeks after DEN administration. The body and liver weights were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in rats 11 weeks after DEN administration. The liver weight ratio to body weight was rather stable and not significantly decreased in the all treatment groups. The liver specific enzyme activities (AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP) were significantly increased in all treatment groups compared to control group (p < 0.05). Variable size of liver tumor and hepatomegaly were observed in rats treated with DEN after 10 weeks. Numerous vacuoles were seen on the midzonal and or peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm or densely basophilic mitotic nucleoli were seen. Several proliferative small round cells were seen on vacuolated and necrotic areas in peripheral hepatic lobules or portal areas. PCNA-positive cells were seen on the vacuolated portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the areas of small round cells. We examined functional and morphological changes of livers by 5 - FU treatments on DEN -treated rat. The DEN -treated rats compared to 5 - FU -treated rats after DEN treatment for 8 weeks. The serum total protein and triglyceride were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, and the liver enzyme activities of AST and ALT were significantly(p < 0.05) increased. After 8 weeks, in the non-5-FU -treated group, the size of liver tumor were varied and hepatomegaly were observed, hepatocellular vacuolization, necrosis and steatosis were observed on the midzonal and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes were seen, the interlobular connective tissues were proliferated. PCNA positive cells were seen in the portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the non-5-FU-treated group. In hepatocytes, condensation of nuclear chromatin and vacuolization were observed, shape of the nuclei were irregular, the degraded nuclei and organelles were observed. The livers of rats in the 5 - FU treatment group were seen grossly brilliant, red-brown color, and the vacuolated and degenerated regions, hyperplastic nodules were not nearly observed. In the electron microscope, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes contained a large number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, developed organelles surrounding nuclei. The above findings suggest that 5 - FU will be effective as anti -liver tumor drug.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.226-237
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• 2005

Purpose : Extensive defect of oral and maxillofacial area is usually reconstructed with composite flap including skin paddle. However, if the defects are lined with only skin components, the mucosa's role in mastication and texture are not restored. Furthermore, stiffness and hair-growing prevent denture rehabilitation and good oral hygiene. This study was performed to overcome the disadvantages of composite soft tissue flaps including the skin and to make a model for myo-mucosal flaps. Materials and methods : Buccal mucosa sized $0.5\times1.0\;cm^2$ from New Zealand rabbit (around 1.5kg) was harvested and cultivated by the modification of Rheinwald and Green's keratinocyte culture method. Cultured mucosa was grafted on the fascia of latismus dorsi as form of mucosal sheet. After 7, 10, 14 days, the myomucosal flap was excised and evaluated under light microscope with H & E and immunohistochemical staining. As control group, harvested buccal mucosa from rabbit was transplanted to gracilis muscle(n=6). Results : From 7 days after prelamination, the basal layer of the grafted mucosa resembled that of normal mucosa. As control group, transplanted mucosa had original shape but there's slight inflammatory reaction. Prelaminated mucosa has 19.8$\pm$4.59 cell layers and some samples have more than 20 layers. The expression rate of PCNA was relatively strong (42.9%$\pm$14.1) at the basal layer of grafted mucosa and the laminin was found at the basal layer. On the contrary, prelaminated mucosa at 10 days showed moderate expression rate of PCNA(32.4%$\pm$4.62). We found the mucosal layer was somehow disappeared and there is strong inflammatory reaction. After 14 days prelamination, the grafted oral keratinocytes were almost disappeared and expression of PCNA was not observed. Conclusion : We can make 75 fold large mucosal($3850mm^2$) sheet from small samples of mucosa $(50mm^2)$. Epithelial sheet that grafted on the fascia of muscle underwent differentiation and proliferation. But after 10, 14 days, there was strong inflammatory reaction and the grafted mucosa was destroyed from surface layer. In rabbit model, transfer of fascio-mucosal flap should be done from 7 to 10 days after prelamination.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sawdust bedding barn on manure handing, management labour and physiological aspect of dairy cows, and then to establish the criteria on the optimum utilization method of sawdust bedding barn. 46 tie stall barns and 49 sawdust bedding barns were surveyed to cmopare the milk productivity between two different barns, and also 5 tie stall barns, 15 sawdust bedding barns and 1 rice hull bedding barn were selected to study the utilization situation of sawdust barn in Kyung-Ki province area. The major results obtained were as follows; 1. The roof material of sawdust barn were consisted of 66% vinyl house, 23% PVC light and 11% slate and galvanum coated tin. Most of the floor structure was earth ground with the rate of the approximately 82%. 2. The average occupied area of sawdust bed per cow was 15.2 $m^2$, depth that 30 cm and the utilization period was 12 months. 3. Milk Yield was significantly higher at sawdust barn than at tie stall barn(P<0.01). Bacterial and somatic cell count in raw milk were less at the sawdust barn than in tie stall barn. However, there was not significance difference between two barns. 4. The labour hour needed to cow management in the sawdust barn was approximately 48% of that of tie stall barn. 5. The temperature and moisture content measured in sawdust bed were closely affected by seasonal ambient temperature. The skin and hair of cow were much cleaner at the PVC light roofed sawdust barn than any other roof materials. 6. The additives used for improving of fermentation did not show any effect on temperature and moisture content in sawdust bed. When the ambient temperature was $30.4^{\circ}C$, the surface temperature of measured 1 cm above the sawdust bed was $12.2^{\circ}C$ lower and the temperature of 100 cm above the sawdust bed was $2.4^{\circ}C lower under shading net facility than that of vinyl roofed one.7. The hoof length of miking cow was 7.95 cm in tie stall and 9.19 cm in sawdust barn with high significance (P<0.01). And disease occurence such as mastitis and foot-rot tended to decrease in the sawdust barn. 8. The number of total bacteria and coliform bacteria were less in the sawdust bed compared with earth ground resting area. And a parasite strongyloides papillosus was detected but without any infected cow. 9. The nitrate($NO_3N$) content in non-roofed earth ground resting area and earth ground under the sawdust bed was likely to pollute the ground water. 10. In economic point of view, rice hull bedding barn was the cheapest among different systems. And in the sawdust bedding barn PVC light + slate roofed barn was most desirable, and vinyl roofed one the least.