• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.2 s.19
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• pp.71-75
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• 1974

A study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the rice weevil and associated storage molds. The results are as follows; 1. All of the developmental stages of the rice weevils are carrying some storage molds in their bodies, and the order of magnitute in the number was the adult, larva and pupa. 2. The molds persist in the body of the rice weevil for 10 days who.1 they were fed on the mold free wheat, and the most persistant mold species was A. candidus. 3. When the mold free weevils were reared on the pure culture of the molds on the wheat, the number of eggs laid by the Lveevil were the greatest for A. candidus. following A. ruber, and the . least number Lvere obtained with A. niger 4. The rice weevil could complete in the pure mold culture on the wheat except for A. niger where the larvae had developed by 2nd or 3rd instars. 3. The shortest developmental periods was obtained with A. candidus and the first adult emerged in 4th week. 6. The unfavorable effects of A. niger on the development of the rice weevil might be associated with the fast growth of the mold together with some unknown effects. 7. There seems to be a protocooperative interaction between these two oraganisms having been developed through the long evolutionary course in common habitat.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2017

To protect plants from damage caused by Panonychus citri (McGregor), practical methods for the use banker plants have been developed to provide a habitat and augment natural enemies of several agricultural pests. The average population density of predatory mites on an Oxalis corniculata (creeping sorrel) sod culture was significantly higher (three times) than that on normal sod culture. Furthemore, the average population density of spider mites on creeping sorrel sod culture was significantly lower (3.7 times) than when weed control was practiced. Average consumption of the eggs and females of Tetranychina harti (Ewing) by Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) females was approximately 1.96 eggs and 1.93 females per day, respectively. Phytoseiulus persimilis AthiasHenriot females never consumed T. harti. However, total development time of T. harti from egg to adult on O. corniculata was 17.4 days, and hatchability and survival rate were 77.5% and 84.8%, respectively.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

New generation of tall and complex buildings systems are now introduced that are reflective of the latest development in materials, design, sustainability, construction, and IT technologies. While the complexity in design is being overcome by the availability and advances in structural analysis tools and readily advanced software, the design of these buildings are still reliant on minimum code requirements that yet to be validated in full scale. The involvement of the author in the design and construction planning of Burj Khalifa since its inception until its completion prompted the author to conceptually develop an extensive survey and real-time structural health monitoring program to validate all the fundamental assumptions mad for the design and construction planning of the tower. The Burj Khalifa Project is the tallest structure ever built by man; the tower is 828 meters tall and comprises of 162 floors above grade and 3 basement levels. Early integration of aerodynamic shaping and wind engineering played a major role in the architectural massing and design of this multi-use tower, where mitigating and taming the dynamic wind effects was one of the most important design criteria established at the onset of the project design. Understanding the structural and foundation system behaviors of the tower are the key fundamental drivers for the development and execution of a state-of-the-art survey and structural health monitoring (SHM) programs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to discuss the execution of the survey and real-time structural health monitoring programs to confirm the structural behavioral response of the tower during construction stage and during its service life; the monitoring programs included 1) monitoring the tower's foundation system, 2) monitoring the foundation settlement, 3) measuring the strains of the tower vertical elements, 4) measuring the wall and column vertical shortening due to elastic, shrinkage and creep effects, 5) measuring the lateral displacement of the tower under its own gravity loads (including asymmetrical effects) resulting from immediate elastic and long term creep effects, 6) measuring the building lateral movements and dynamic characteristic in real time during construction, 7) measuring the building displacements, accelerations, dynamic characteristics, and structural behavior in real time under building permanent conditions, 8) and monitoring the Pinnacle dynamic behavior and fatigue characteristics. This extensive SHM program has resulted in extensive insight into the structural response of the tower, allowed control the construction process, allowed for the evaluation of the structural response in effective and immediate manner and it allowed for immediate correlation between the measured and the predicted behavior. The survey and SHM programs developed for Burj Khalifa will with no doubt pioneer the use of new survey techniques and the execution of new SHM program concepts as part of the fundamental design of building structures. Moreover, this survey and SHM programs will be benchmarked as a model for the development of future generation of SHM programs for all critical and essential facilities, however, but with much improved devices and technologies, which are now being considered by the author for another tall and complex building development, that is presently under construction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the genetic relationship between Calanthe discolor, C. sieboldii and variants, and the cause of flower color variations by using a molecular linkage map and a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for flower and lip color in Calanthe species native to Korea. Twenty plants were included in three C. discolor and three C. sieboldii, and fourteen variants were obtained from their habitat, Jeju-do in Korea. The flowers of C. discolor were brownish red, the values of Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) Lab were between 40 and 50. The flowers of C. sieboldii were yellowish, the values of CIE Lab were between 110 and 130. The variants had various mixed colors that were thought to have originated from natural hybridization between C. discolor and C. sieboldii, and the values of CIE Lab were between 50 and 70. The colors of the lips were usually divided into white and yellow. C. discolor had a white lip, C. sieboldii had a yellow one, and the variants had a white to yellow one. The CIE Lab value of each color was 90 in white and 110 to 120 in yellow lips. A molecular linkage mapping was constructed based on the segregation of 154 RAPD markers using a MAPL program. Sixteen linkage groups containing 66 markers were established. It covered a total map distance of 220.4 cM. The distance between adjacent markers ranged from 0 to 6.6 cM, with an average distance of 3.3 cM. These markers are thought to be closely associated with flower and lip color expression. Among the 16 molecular linkage groups, 3 QTLs had flower color trait loci and 1 QTL had lip color trait loci.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2006

The objectives of this paper are to estimate home range and core habitat area of raccoon dog living in the rural area of Korea. A radio-telemetry study was carried out on 22 raccoon dog individuals. Among these individuals, 4 raccoon dogs made 2 pairs and they were monogamous and moved together all the year round. Mean home-range size of 9 individuals which were radio-tracked more than 3 months was $0.80km^2$ (100% MCP). The mean home range size of male individuals was $0.98km^2$ (N=5, 100% MCP) and that of female individuals was $0.58km^2$ (N=4, 100% MCP). On the other hand, in case 95% MCP(Mininlum Convex Polygon) was applied, the gap of home-range size between sex distinction was closed to $0.63km^2$ (male) and $0.42km^2$ (female). The home range size of two pairs of which the male and the female were radio-tracked at the same time showed little difference. In case of one pair, the home range size(95% MCP) was $0.28km^2$ (male) and $0.26km^2$ (female) and in case of the other pair, it was $0.36km^2$ each (male and female). Consequently there seems no significant difference in the home-range size between a male and a female racoon dog except the unusual cases such as unpaired individuals or the ones with no fixed territory.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2006

The increase of human activities has been extensively changed the breeding habitats of birds directly or indirectly, where the reproductive success of the birds has been seriously reduced. Leisure activities on water, such as fishing, influenced the breeding biology of waterfowls. However, few researches have been done for this in Korea. We examined the effects of fishing activity on nest selection and density of four waterfowl species at Namyang Lake: Coot (Fulica atra), Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Little Grebe (Podiceps ruficollis), and Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus). We divided the Namyang Lake into three study areas. Except for the number of anglers, there were no significant differences among the three study areas in the kinds of avian predators, the water depth around study areas measured for possible territorial predatory mammals' passing over, and the values of Relative Importance Percentage of occupying plants. The results showed that waterfowls bred in Namyang Lake preferred the areas with few anglers for the nests. From this study, we recommend that leisure activities including fishing should be prohibited or restricted during the breeding periods of waterfowls for the stable breeding success and that further systematic researches and managements for the species are necessary.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 2013

Between July and October 2011, radio-tracking was used to analyze the characteristics of home ranges and day roosts of Myotis aurascens by using 3 individuals (male: 2, female: 1). Bat capturing was conducted at a bridge and a nearby forest in Ulju-gun, Ulsan-si. We attached radio transmitters (0.32 g) to the bats and monitored them by using a radio receiver with a Yagi antenna. Home-range analysis of M. aurascens by using 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) and 95% MCP showed an average of 106.5 ha and 89.3 ha, respectively, and 50% kernel home range (KHR) showed an average of 8.4 ha. Home range overlap of the 3 bats was observed at the bridge and at nearby water bodies as the core areas, and the size of the home range overlap was 7.3 ha by 100% MCP, 5.9 ha by 95% MCP, and 1.6 ha by 50% KHR. The home range for each bat consisted of the main foraging sites, and the types of foraging sites were similar. M. aurascens-01(M-01) used the bridge and nearby water bodies as the nightly main core areas, M. aurascens-02(M-02) used rice fields and water bodies adjacent to the forest as core areas, and M. aurascens-03(M-03) used water bodies and resident areas as core areas. Although rice fields and resident sites represented the core areas of the home ranges of M-02 and M-03, habitat use was the highest near water bodies as the core area for all the 3 bats. The types of day roosts in this study were a wooden house, canopies of a broad-leaved woodland, and banks of rice fields. The roosts in the wooden house and canopies of the broad-leaved woodland were located within the forest, and the roost in the banks of rice fields was also adjacent to the forest. Our results revealed that the main home range and foraging sites of M. aurascens were located near water bodies as the core area, and forests and places adjacent to the forests were used as day roosts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of artificial wetland, one of biotopes developed to promote biodiversity in urban areas, and to look for improvement steps. Specifically, artificial wetland creation techniques were categorized into living environment and living creature classification. Being living conditions for creations, habitat environment was reviewed with a focus on water and soil environments. Living creatures were classified into plants, insects, fish, and birds. The evaluation of creation techniques was done in post-construction evaluation while considering the creation of habitats for living creatures. Intervention by users, changes in living environment and living species, and relevance of creation techniques were reviewed. Key results of this study are as follows. (1) Water environment for the living environment of creatures provides a suitable environment conditions for the living of creatures through a process easing the use of piped water. Various water depths and embankment appear to have a positive impact on the living of aquatic life. In particular, embankment covered in soil naturally played an important role as a place for the activities of aquatic insects and young fish as well as the growth of aquatic plants. (2) Various aquatic and ground plants to promote insect-diversity, shallow water, and old-tree logs had contributed greatly in increasing the types and number of insects. Aquatic insects. Aquatic insects were seen much particularly in areas where aquatic plants are rich but water is shallow than any other areas. (3) A space piled with stone to provide habitats for fish was not much used. However, it was observed that fish used embankment built with natural stones and embankment using logs in areas where water is deep. In addition, it was confirmed that 1,500 fish that had been released propagated using various depths and places for birth. (4) It was analyzed that techniques (creation of island, log setting, and creation of man-made bird nests) to provide habitats and to attract birds are not serving their roles. In such a case, it is believed that species had not increased due to the smallness as well as isolated features of the area. Based on theoretical review, they are judged to be areas that are likely to be used when a greater variety of birds is introduced. It is judged that attracting and keeping more birds at the site, such spaces need to be linked systematically in the future in terms of building eco-network while ensuring an adequate living areas. (5) In the study areas, users intervened greatly. As a result, a blockage was created preventing the normal growth of plants and non-indigenous plants were introduced. In order to limit the intervention by users, setting enough buffer zones, and environment education programs were urgently required. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio of the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata. construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.410-418
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• 2000

In general, the experienced diver go into the water to find out Pan Shell which is spontaneously generated and brought up at the depth of 25-30 meters in the slime along the bank of an inlet of western and southern sea. However, this searching system has caused some problems in terms of economical efficiency and riskiness of diver. To overcome such problems and enhance the competence capability of fishermen, a new Pan Shell searching system is required. If an onboard searching system as a substitute of the way of diving into the deep water to identify the existence of Pan Shell is developed, it would be greatly beneficial to fishermen. The purpose of this research is to develop a new searching system of Pan Shell by making use of 50-200 Khz Ultra Sonic Signal, A/D Converter and computer process program. Based on the fact that Sonic Signal between the soft part of slime and the hard part of sand, pebble and Pan Shell is different, the possibility of this system have been approved in some degree by this time of research. However, to utilize this new system, further research on the establishment of data base and sample data is required. With the theoretical knowledge, the systematic research on the searching capability of Ultra Sonic Signal will be continued to identify the influence against the sea water subject. In this research, signal will be analyzed according to the influence range, power and sensitiveness of Ultra Sonic Generator. In addition, the radius of Ultra Sonic Signal will be included. The experimental field work will be executed at Nockdong, Pulkyo and other places well known as a habitat of Pan Shell.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.321-338
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• 2014

This study aims to identify spatial distribution of estuarine wetlands in Korea, and to assess temporal variation of the wetlands in the last few decades. Widely known in environmental and coastal management, watershed-based regions which composed with Han-river(western and eastern parts), Keum-river, Yeoungsan-river, Seomjin-river, Nakdong-river, and Jeju, are analyzed to evaluate temporal change of estuarine wetlands in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, through the land-cover map. Results show that estuarine wetlands dramatically decreased in Han-river(western part), Keum-river, Yeoungsan-river that estuarine circulation have been interrupted with man-made structures such as dyke and drainage. But, estuarine wetlands surrounded by forests and grasslands has been relatively less damaged. Habitat diversity providing healthy estuary ecosystem is lower in interrupted estuaries than circulated estuaries, which are composed of tidal-flat, open water, salt marsh, rocky coasts and sandy shoreline. This study indicates that spatial distribution and temporal variation of estuarine wetlands are different with estuary type and region, so estuary type with seven regions can be applied to provides a framework for estuary management strategies and to establish estuary restoration plans.