• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.655-659
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• 2019

Calcium phosphates such as HA (hydroxyapatite), β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) and biphasic HA/β-TCP, were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation in aqueous solution combined with ball milling process. Nanosize powders of the calcium phosphates were synthesized using Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4. The effects of initial precursor Ca/P ratio (1.30, 1.50 and 1.67), ball milling process and post heat-treatment on the phase evolution behavior of the powders were investigated. The phase of resulting powder was controllable by adjusting the initial Ca/P ratio. HA was the only phase for as-prepared powders in both cases of Ca/P ratios of 1.50 and 1.67. The single HA phase without any noticeable second phase was obtained for the initial Ca/P ratio of 1.67 in the overall heat-treatment range. Pure β-TCP and biphasic calcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) were synthesized from precursor solutions having Ca/P molar ratios of 1.30 and 1.50, respectively, after having been heat-treated above 700 ℃. The β-TCP phase has appeared on the pre-existing DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) and/or HA phase. Dense ceramics having translucency were obtained at a considerably lower sintering temperature. The modified process offered a fast, convenient and economical route for the synthesis of calcium phosphates.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.sup2
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• pp.373-384
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the healing response of various Hydroxyapatite(HA) coated dental implants by Ion-Beam Assisted Deposition(IBAD) placed in the surgically created circumferential gap in dogs. Materials and methods: In four mongrel dogs, all mandibular premolars and the first molar were extracted. After an 8 weeks healing period, six submerged type implants were placed and the circumferential cylindrical 2mm coronal defects around the implants were made surgically with customized step drills. Groups were divided into six groups : anodized surface, anodized surface with 150nm HA and heat treatment, anodized surface with 300nm HA and heat treatment, anodized surface with 150nm HA and no heat treatment, and anodized surface with 150nm HA, heat treatment and bone graft, anodized surface with bone graft. The dogs were sacrificed following 12 weeks healing period. Specimens were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically. Results: During the healing period, healing was uneventful and implants were well maintained. Anodized surface with HA coating and $430^{\circ}C$ heat treatment showed an improved regenerative characteristics. Most of the gaps were filled with newly regenerated bone. The implant surface was covered with bone layer as base for intensive bone formation and remodeling. In case that graft the alloplastic material to the gaps, most of the coronal gaps were filled with newly formed bone and remaining graft particles. The bone-implant contact and bone density parameters showed similar results with the histological findings. The bone graft group presented the best bone-implant contact value which had statistical significance. Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, nano-scale HA coated dental implants appeared to have significant effect on the development of new bone formation. And additional bone graft is an effective method in overcoming the gaps around the implants.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2023

Objectives: Betula Platyphylla(BP) has been used as a analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant drug in Eastern Asia. However, it is still unknown whether BP ethanol extract could exhibit the inhibitory activities against ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced skin injury on human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. This study was aimed to investigate the protective activity of BP ethanol extract on UVB-irradiated skin injury in HaCaT cells. Methods: The skin injury model of HaCaT cells was established under UVB stimulation. HaCaT keratinocyte cells were pre-treated with BP ethanol extract for 1 h, and then stimulated with UVB. Then, the cells were harvested to measure the cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL) 1-beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-𝛼, hyaluronidase, type 1 collagen, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)s. In addition, we examined the mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and inhibitory kappa B alpha(I𝜅;-B𝛼) as inhibitory mechanisms of BP ethanol extract. Results: The treatment of BP ethanol extract inhibited the UVBinduced cell death and ROS production in HaCaT cells. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the UVB-induced increase of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-𝛼. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the increase of hyaluronidase, MMP and decrease of collagen. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the activation of MAPKs and the degradation of I𝜅-B𝛼. Conclusions: Our result suggest that treatment of BP ethanol extract could inhibit the UVB-induced skin injury via deactivation of MAPKs and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-𝜅B) in HaCaT cells. This study could suggest that BP ethanol extract could be a beneficial agent to prevent skin damage or inflammation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation (amount, interval) on tree growth, fruit quality, and cracking of organic 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012 and 2013. Three irrigation treatments were applied using a sprinkler system from mid-June to mid-August in 2012 and 2013, as follows: 10 mm was applied daily (10 mm-IR), 20 mm was applied every two days (20 mm-IR), and 30 mm was applied every five days (30 mm-IR). Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature were found to be greatest in the 10 mm-IR treatment in both years. Soil moisture content ranged between 20-40% in the 10 mm-IR, between 20-60% in the 20 mm-IR, and between 20-70% in the 30 mm-IR treatment plots. The total number of leaves per shoot and shoot growth were found to be greatest in the 20 mm-IR and 30 mm-IR treatments, respectively. Cluster and berry weights, and cluster and berry sizes were not consistently affected by the treatments. The 10 mm-IR treatment resulted in an increase in fruit SSC, SSC/acidity ratio, and berry skin pigmentation ($b^*$; blue). Approximately 5% of fruit cracking was observed on average over both years in the 10 mm-IR-treated fruit, while the 30 mm-IR treatment resulted in nearly 18% of cracking in 2012. Average marketable fruit yield per year over two years was greatest for the 10 mm-IR treatment ($24.4t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) followed by the 30 mm-IR treatment ($22.7t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and lastly the 20 mm-IR treatment ($22.2t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). Thus, the 10 mm-IR treatment represents a suitable irrigation regimen for controlling leaf and shoot growth of vines grown under a rain-shelter system in sandy loam soils, while improving fruit sugar contents and skin color and limiting fruit cracking.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.178-188
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• 2013

The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) present in the female reproductive tract promote sperm capacitation. When bovine sperm were exposed to 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ of one of four GAGs (Chondroitin sulfate, CS; Dermatan sulfate, DS; Hyaluronic acid, HA; Heparin, HP) for 5 h, the total motility (TM), straight-line velocity (VSL), and curvilinear velocity (VCL) were higher in the HP- or HA-treated sperm, relative to control and CS- or DS-treated sperm. HP and HA treatments increased the levels of capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm over time, compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05). In addition, sperm exposed to HP or HA for 1 h before IVF exhibited significantly improved fertilizing ability, as assessed by 2 pronucleus (PN) formation and cleavage rates at d 2. Exposure to these GAGs also enhanced in vitro embryo development rates and embryo quality, and increased the ICM and total blastocyst cell numbers at d 8 after IVF (p<0.05). A real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of pluripotency (Oct 4), cell growth (Glut 5), and anti-apoptosis (Bax inhibitor) genes were significantly higher in embryos derived from HA- or HP-treated sperm than in control or other treatment groups, while pro-apoptotic gene expression (caspase-3) was significantly lower in all GAG treatment groups (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that exposure of bovine sperm to HP or HA positively correlates with in vitro fertilizing ability, in vitro embryo developmental potential, and embryonic gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 1999

Incidence and mortality rate of maxillofacial infection is relatively low in the era of antibiotics. Despite the use of antibiotics, delayed treatment, underlying systemic diseases, drug-resistant microorganisms may result in life-threatening situations. The deep neck infection developed from odontogenic infection may result in sepsis, mediastinitis, aspiration pneumonia, asphyxia. Sepsis is the most dangerous complication which can quickly result in a number of lethal situations. The treatment of sepsis includes awareness of such complication, use of sensitive antibiotics, removal of infection source, and hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic support. We experienced a patient who died of sepsis, which developed from odontogenic infection. The initial diagnosis was a buccal space cellulitis. However, in spite of medical and surgical treatment, this progressed to Ludwig's angina and then deep neck infection and finally sepsis. On the 10th hospital day, the patient died of multiorgan failure caused by sepsis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1592-1598
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• 2008

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of cattle slurry on maize fodder (Zea mays) production. Maize fodder was produced at 4 cattle slurry levels $T_0$ (0 ton/ha), $T_1$ (10 ton/ha), $T_2$ (12 ton/ha) and $T_3$ (14 ton/ha) in a randomized block design. Agronomic characteristics, plant heights, circumference of stems, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter yield of maize fodder were measured. Maize plant height and stem circumference were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the increasing rate of cattle slurry at 15, 30, 45 and 56 days after sowing. Number of leaves of fodder plants was not significant but leaf area was significant (p<0.05) among the treatment groups. The highest biomass yield (p<0.01) of maize fodder was observed in $T_2$ (44.0 ton/ha). For crude protein content, a significant difference (p<0.01) was observed in the treatment groups and the highest value was observed in $T_2$ (11.99%). Organic matter content of maize fodder showed a significant difference but ash, ADF and NDF contents showed no significant differences among treatment groups. From this study it may be concluded that the application of 12 tons of cattle slurry/ha was optimal for production of biomass and nutrient content of maize fodder.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 1997

With a purpose of finding out the influences of herbicide treatment method on the forage yield, nutrient productivity, weed control, and persistency in the Rumex acetosella dominated pasture, this trial was arranged as a randomized block design with six treatments[1.Seeding(control), 2. Lime+seeding 3. glyphosate 4 $\scr{l}$ + dicamba 2 $\scr{l}$ /ha+seeding 4. glyphosate 4$\scr{l}$ +dicamba 2$\scr{l}$ /ha+lime+seeding 5. glyphosate 4$\scr{l}$ +dicamba 21 / ha+seeding+dicamba 4 $\scr{l}$ /ha and 6. glyphosate 4 $\scr{l}$ +dicamba 2 $\scr{l}$ /ha+ lime+ seeding+dicamba 4 $\scr{l}$ /ha], and conducted in Hwasung Kyonggi Province and in Youngam, Jeonnarn Province from June, 1992 to October, 1995. In the Rumex acetosella dominated pasture, the treatments of glyphosate 4$\scr{l}$ +dicamba 21 /ha+lime+ seeding+dicamba 4 $\scr{l}$/ha controlled 88-98% of the weed (Rumex acetosella), increased 88- 173% of forage yield, and were high 82- 175% of energy (TDN and NEL) productivity than those of the control(seeding), respectively. The results of this study indicated that herbicide treatment was effective for the control of Rumex acetosella, and good renovation of grassland and higher DM yield of forage could be obtained by twice application of glyphosate 4 $\scr{l}$+ dicamba 2 $\scr{l}$ /ha and dicamba 4 $\scr{l}$ /ha.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this research was to determine the diverse effects of Lithospermi Radix Water Extract (LR) on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, and to examine whether those effects could be applied to the human skin. Methods : We examined effect of LR on the cell viability of using the MTS assay in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The antioxidation effect of LR was analyzed relative to the well-known antioxidant resveratrol, using an ABTS assay. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that, in HaCaT cells, LR influenced the mRNA expression of tight-junction genes associated with skin moisturization. Furthermore, a wound-healing assay demonstrated altered cell migration in LR-treated HaCaT cells. Result : The cytotoxicity was confirmed to be higher in LR at a concentration of $800{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ using the MTS assay in HaCaT cells. In comparison to $100{\mu}M$ resveratrol, $1,600{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ LR showed either a similar or superior antioxidation effect. LR treatment in HaCaT cells reduced the mRNA expression levels of claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 6, claudin 8, and ZO-2 to less than 0.80-fold, whereas JAM-A and Tricellulin mRNA expression level increased more than 1.33-fold. In addition, HaCaT cells migration was decreased to 83.9% by LR treatment. Conclusions : LR of antioxidation activity will have an anti-aging effect on the skin by reducing oxidative stress. Further studies are required to address the implications for human skin, given LR's effects of altering mRNA expression of tight junction-related gene and decreasing cell migration of HaCaT cells.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted in twelve 0.02-ha rain-fed earthen ponds for 18 weeks to evaluate the effects of including pangasiid catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in polycultures of major Indian carps, catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), on yield and economic gain. Treatment 1 ($T_1$) consisted of 5,000 catla+2,500 rohu+2,500 mrigal per ha, treatment 2 ($T_2$) consisted of 5,000 catla+2,500 rohu+2,500 mrigal+2,500 pangasiid catfish per ha, treatment 3 ($T_3$) consisted of 5,000 catla+2,500 rohu+2,500 mrigal+5,000 pangasiid catfish per ha, and treatment 4 ($T_4$) consisted of 5,000 catla+2,500 rohu+2,500 mrigal+7,500 pangasiid catfish per ha. The growth performance of fishes was evaluated by calculating specific growth rate, daily weight gain, and percent weight gain. Inclusion of pangasiid catfish in the carp polyculture resulted in significant increases in the growth and yield of catla and rohu. Catla and rohu grew most in $T_4$, with 7,500/ha of pangasiid catfish. The presence of pangasiid catfish did not influence the growth of mrigal. The growth of pangasiid catfish varied with stocking density, and they grew best at 5,000/ha ($T_3$). The carp and the combined fish yields were significantly higher in the carp polycultures with pangasiid catfish than with carps alone. The total carp and the combined fish yields were highest in $T_4$, in which the density of pangasiid catfish was greatest. However, the total carp and the combined fish yields in $T_3$ and $T_4$ were not significantly different. Profit differed significantly among treatments. Economic gain was highest in $T_3$, with 5,000/ha of pangasiid catfish, and lowest in $T_1$. The inclusion of pangasiid catfish in major carp polycultures results in higher fish yields and greater economic gain.