• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 1997

Recently, the search for the whereabout of the huge Bell Imperial-Dragon-Temple becomes a great issue. If it happens to be found out and ringing at the original location of the Bell in Kyungjoo City, the Bell might be a great national treasure and lasting to the eternity with her beautiful sound. The Bell was so huge that the total weight of the raw material put into crucibles was 497,581 Kun (289 tons), the shoulder weight 10.3 Chuk (3.14 m) and the maximum thickness 9 Chon (27.4 cm). The Bell was erected in 754 in Shilla Dynasty and was assumed to be lost during the war time by the 3rd invasion of Mongolians (1235~8). However, the author found out that the huge Bell was recast into a new small Bell (8.1 ton) in 1103 by the people of Koryu Dynasty and then the new small Bell was hung in the same position as in the original huge Bell. 135 years later, the new small Bell was carried out by Mongolian forces as a spoil of war from Kyungjoo to the Bay Tonghaegoo, through the saddle point of Mountain Toham, Yangbuk and Riber Great Bell. At the bay, Mongolian forces wished to bring back the Bell to Mongolia by a ship, but they dropped the Bell into the sea by accident. So, if this was the case, the bell at the seabed may be the new small bell (7.4 ton) but not the original huge Bell (41.0 ton) For the evaluation of missing data of the two bells, the author sets up two equations relating all the dimensions and their weights, which seems to be a useful guide to the design of bells. The results of the evaluation of the Bells are as follows. The huge Bell The new small Bell Weight 41.0 ton 7.4 ton Shoulder ht. 3.14 m 2.07 m Mouth diameter 2.468 m 1.546 m Max. thickness 27.4 cm (9 Chon) 11.9 cm (3.9 Chon)

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.221-231
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of a newly isolated bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum K6. L. plantarum K6 showed good ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibitory activity ($96.78{\pm}3.29%$), ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity ($92.55{\pm}9.62%$), and lipase inhibitory activity ($85.17{\pm}0.79%$), and the strain inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells ($27.4{\pm}1.4%$) when present at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. L. plantarum K6 was isolated from kimchi and its physiological characteristics were investigated. A comparison of the sensitivity of the isolate to 15 different antibiotics showed that L. plantarum K6 is highly sensitive to erythromycin and highly resistant to vancomycin, ampicillin, and polymyxin B. This strain also showed high arylamidase and ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities. Moreover, it was relatively tolerant to bile acid and low pH, and displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, with rates of 51.8%, 42.4%, 61.6%, and 54.9%, respectively. No bio genic amines were produced. L. plantarum K6 also showed high adhesion activity to HT-29 cells compared to L. rhamnosus GG. These results demonstrate that Lactobacillus plantarum K6 has potential as a probiotic with anti-obesity effects.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.61.1-61.1
• /
• 2010

$CuIn_{1-x}-GaxSe_2$ based materials with direct bandgap and high absorption coefficient are promising materials for high efficiency hetero-junction solar cells. CIGS champion cell efficiency(19.9%, AM1.5G) is very close to polycrystalline silicon(20.3%, AM1.5G). A reduction in the price of CIGS module is required for competing with well matured silicon technology. Price reduction can be achieved by decreasing the manufacturing cost and by increasing module efficiency. Manufacturing cost is mostly dominated by capital cost. Device properties of CIGS are strongly dependent on doping, defect chemistry and structure which in turn are dependent on growth conditions. The complex chemistry of CIGS is not fully understood to optimize and scale processes. Control of the absorber grain size, structural quality, texture, composition profile in the growth direction is important to achieving reliable device performance. In the present work, CIS nanoparticles were prepared by a simple wet chemical synthesis method and their structural and optical properties were investigated. XRD patterns of as-grown nanopowders indicate CIS(Cubic), $CuSe_2$(orthorhombic) and excess selenium. Further, as-grown and annealed nanopowders were characterized by HRTEM and ICP-OES. Grain growth of the nanopowders was followed as a function of temperature using HT-XRD with overpressure of selenium. It was found that significant grain growth occurred between $300-400^{\circ}C$ accompanied by formation of ${\beta}-Cu_{2-x}Se$ at high temperature($500^{\circ}C$) consistent with Cu-Se phase diagram. The result suggests that grain growth follows VLS mechanism which would be very useful for low temperature, high quality and economic processing of CIGS based solar cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.8
• /
• pp.1008-1015
• /
• 2009

The goal of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. In this study induction of apoptosis by methanol extract of rosemary and their fractions were investigated in vitro. In examining the effect of rosemary methanol extract on the inhibition of growth of Hela, HepG2, A549, AGS cells and HT-29 cell, it was found that the methanol extract of rosemary and their fractions demonstrated a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner; in addition, hexane and chloroform fractions showed a particularly high cytotoxic effect on Hela and AGS cells. The results showed that the hexane and chloroform fractions of rosemary have cytotoxic effect which are related to the activity of the essential oil in the rosemary. Apoptosis in Hela and AGS cells mediated by the hexane and chloroform fractions was associated with the increase of cleaved caspase-3 levels and cleaved PARP. Therefore, with more researches on identification and action mechanism of active compound, the hexane and chloroform fractions are expected to be natural sources for the developments of functional food and medical agents to prevent gastric cancer and uterus cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.149-149
• /
• 2003

홍화의 식품재로로서 이용성을 높이고자 홍화의 부위별 성분분석 및 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 조사하였다. 단백질은 어린싹 부위에 28.39%, 지방은 씨 부위에 20.47%로 많이 함유되어 있었다. Glucose는 어린싹에 1,253.6 mg%, fructose는 이린싹에 970.7 mg%, sucrose는 꽃봉오리 부위에 912.0 mg%로 많이 함유되어 있었다, Succinic acid는 꽃잎 부위에 2,795.3 mg%, malic acid는 잎과 어린싹 부위에 각각 2,054.8 mg%와 934.2 mg%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. 무기질로는 K이 잎과 어린싹 부위에 각각 2,826.8 mg%와 l1999.8 mg%, Ca 또한 잎과 어린싹 부위에 각각 2,613.6 mg%와 1160.9 mg%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. 불포화지방산인 linoleic acid는 어린싹과 씨 부위에 각각 80.01%와 78.21%로 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다. 총페놀함량은 꽃잎, 어린싹, 잎 부위에 각각 5.8%, 4.4% 및 2.5%, 총플라보노이드 함량은 꽃잎, 어린싹, 잎 부위에 각각 4.7%, 6.5% 및 2.0%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. Serotonin(5-bydrnxyoyptamine, 5-HT)화합물인 serotonin-I은 홍화씨 부위에 147.7 mg%, serotonin-II 또한 홍화씨 부위에 155.4 mg%를 함유하고 있었고, flavonoid화합물인 acacetin도 홍화씨 부위에 116.5 mg%을 함유하고 있었다. 또한, luteolin은 어린싹 부위에 388.3 mg%, luteolin 7-glucoside은 잎 부위에 692.3 mg%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 꽃잎과 잎의 80% 에탄을 추출물이 114.2%와 113.6%의 높은 활성을 나타내어 기존의 합성항산화제인 BHA 100 ppm 농도의 88.05%의 활성 보다 높은 항산화 활성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 1996

In order to study the effects of dietary E. compresa on the growth and blood properties in young Israeli strain of common carp (mean. 8 g BW.). Fish were fed the commercial diet (control) and three experimental diets, $1\%,\;5\%\;and\;10\%$ of E. compressa powder were added to the control diet. After four months of feeding trial fish were bled by cardiac puncture and some hematological parameters were analyzed as physiological indices. 1) Following supplementation, positive responses in plasma albumin and glucose levels, and decreased body weight gain, feed efficiency and hematocrit. 2) Condition factor (fatness) in creased up to $50\%$, but decreased with $10\%$ supplementation. 3) Hb, GOT and GPT did not show any remarkable difference among all diet groups.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.526-532
• /
• 2005

A lectin with in-vitro anticancer activity against established human cancer cell lines has been purified by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica beads from the tubers of Arisaema tortuosum, popularly known as Himalayan Cobra lily, a monocot plant from the family Araceae. The bound Arisaema tortuosum lectin (ATL) was eluted with glycine-HCl buffer, pH 2.5. ATL was effectively inhibited by asialofetuin, a complex desialylated serum glycoprotein as well as by N-acetyl-D-lactosamine, a disaccharide. It gave a single band corresponding to a subunit molecular weight of 13.5 kDa in SDS-PAGE, pH 8.8 both under reducing and non reducing conditions. When subjected to gel-filtration on Biogel P-200, it was found to have a molecular weight of 54 kDa, suggesting a homotetramer structure, in which individual polypeptides are not bound to each other with disulfide bonds. ATL is a glycoprotein with 0.9% carbohydrate content, stable up to $55^{\circ}C$ and at pH 2 to 10. The lectin had no requirement for divalent metal ions i.e. $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ for its activity. However, as reported for other monocot lectins, ATL gave multiple bands in isoelectric focusing and Native PAGE, pH 8.3. The lectin was found to inhibit in vitro proliferation of human cancer cell lines HT29, SiHa and OVCAR-5.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2002

Cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects of a novel cis-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and five known stilbenes, transresveratrol, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin, gnetin H, suffruticosols A and B, isolated from the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) were determined against five different cancer cell lines, and mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively. Six stilbenes showed cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner, and especially did potent cytotoxic activity against C6 (mouse glioma) cancer cell with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 8.2 to $20.5{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$. trans-Resveratrol showed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (liver hepatoma) and HT-29 (colon) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 11.8 and 25.2 g/ml, respectively. In contrast, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and cis--viniferin, and gnetin H exhibited marked cytotoxic activity against Hela (cervicse) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 20.4, 21.5, and $12.9{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$, respectively. However, suffruticosol A and B had less cytotoxic effect against all cancer cells except C6. Meanwhile, six stilbenes exerted antimutagenic activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Of them, trans-resveratrol exhibited the strongest antimutagenic effect against MNNG with $IC_{50}$ value of $27.0{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$, while other five resveratrol oligomers also did moderate antimutagenic activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 31.7 to $35.2{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.831-838
• /
• 2016

Objective: To describe the effectiveness of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) on a patient showing aggressive behavior after a traumatic brain injury. Methods: We used complex TKM treatments. The acupoints used were as follows: Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture (HT3, KI3, and SP3) and acupoints frequently used in hemiparesis (GV20, GV24, ST4, LI11, LI4, ST36, GB34, SP9, and LR3). Moxibustion was also applied to GV20, and herbal medicine (Samulanshin-tang-gami, 四物安神湯 加味方) was administered. The efficacy was evaluated at baseline, week 8, and week 16 using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Results: After 8 weeks, the total MOAS score was decreased from 13 to 5, and this score was maintained until week 16. The average sleep time was increased and waking up during the night was decreased. Conclusions: We suggest that TKM could be effective for reducing aggressive behavior and alleviating sleep disturbances. Further studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.160-164
• /
• 2005

수마트립탄은 뇌혈관에 분포되어 있는 5-HT1B/1D수용체에 특이적이고 선택적으로 작용하여 뇌혈관 수축 작용을 나타내어 편두통의 치료에 널리 쓰이는 약물이다. 본 연구는 수마트립탄 제제인 이미그란(50 mg tablet, GSK사)을 대조약으로 하여 시험약인 명인 제약의 수마트란 50mg정의 생물학적 동등성 평가를 하기 위해 22명의 건강한 지원자를 모집하였다. 지원자를 두 군으로 나누어 1정씩 투여하였고 $2{\times}2$ 교차시험을 실시하였다. 수마트립탄의 혈장 중의 농도를 정량하기 위하여 발리데이션된 HPLC/FD를 사용하였다. 채혈 시간은 투약 전 및 투약 후 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3,4, 5, 7, 9, 12시간에 걸쳐 총 12시점에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 생물학적 동등성을 판정하기 위한 파라미터로 12시간까지의 혈장 중 농도 곡선 하 면적$(AUC_{12hr})$ 최고 혈중 농도$(C_{max})$를 사용하였다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 평균은 $137.87ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(시험약)과 $130.12ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(대조약)으로 나타났다. $C_{max}$의 경우 각 각 29.30 ng/ml(시험약)과 29.25ng/m1(대조약)으로 관찰되었다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 경우 로그변환 한 평균치 차의 90% 신뢰구간이 log0.95-log1.24이었고, $C_{max}$의 경우 log0.90-log1.149로 계산되 어 두 항목 모두 log0.8-log1.25이어야 한다는 식품의 약품 안전청 과 FDA의 기준을 모두 만족시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 시험약 수마트란 정 50 mg은 대조약 이미그란 정 50 mg에 대하여 생물학적으로 동등한 것으로 판정되었다.