• Proceedings of The KACE
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• 2018.08a
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• pp.155-158
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• 2018

수출입 기업이 관세 혜택을 받거나 올바른 관세를 측정하기 위해서는 통관 진행 시 올바른 품목 분류가 선행되어야 한다. 그러나 품목 분류의 기준이 1만개가 넘을 정도로 방대하여 신규 사용자나 품목에 이해가 부족할 경우 분류에 어려움이 따른다. 이러한 HS Code 분류의 한계점을 보완하기 위해 빅데이터 기반 이미지 분석을 통한 자동 제안 시스템을 목표로 하였다. 본 논문에서는 이미지 분석을 통한 HS Code 자동 제안시스템을 위한 수출입 품목 중 의류 품목의 수출입 품목에 국한하여 의류 HS Code 자동 분류 시스템을 설계하고, 제안한다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.203-214
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• 2023

The Korea Customs Service is efficiently handling business with an electronic customs system that can effectively handle one-stop business. This is the case and a more effective method is needed. Import and export require HS Code (Harmonized System Code) for classification and tax rate application for all goods, and item classification that classifies the HS Code is a highly difficult task that requires specialized knowledge and experience and is an important part of customs clearance procedures. Therefore, this study uses various types of data information such as product name, product description, and product image in the item classification request form to learn and develop a deep learning model to reflect information well based on Multimodal representation learning. It is expected to reduce the burden of customs duties by classifying and recommending HS Codes and help with customs procedures by promptly classifying items.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.351-365
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• 2005

Korean auto mobile industry has been contributed to development on national economy for last 30 years. Especially, The fact is that latest increasement of Korean automobile selling is worthy of notice in U.S. market which is the biggest automobile market of the world. But development of automobile industry unattainable nothing of helping of auto parts industry. So, when we discuss about growth of automobile industry, we also have to consider role of auto parts industry at the same time. The purpose of this study was to analyze exporting competition of Korean auto parts in U.S. market by using Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. For attaining the purpose of study, we classified the Korean auto parts which exported to U.S. market and the world by using the six units classification of the Harmonized System(HS). Also we measured Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. Analyzing period was 1998-2004. The results of Index of Export Bias indicated that HS Code No. 8708.50, 8708.91 represented over 3 numerical value and 8708.92, 8708.60, 8708.39, 8708.29 represented over 2 numerical value. Additional results indicated that the Korean auto parts which gained exporting competition in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.70, 8708.93, 8708.92. The products which will have exporting competition in the U.S. market would be HS Code No. 8708.99,

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

The current tariff return system requires tax officials to calculate tax amount by themselves and pay the tax amount on their own responsibility. In other words, in principle, the duty and responsibility of reporting payment system are imposed only on the taxee who is required to calculate and pay the tax accurately. In case the tax payment system fails to fulfill the duty and responsibility, the additional tax is imposed on the taxee by collecting the tax shortfall and imposing the tax deduction on For this reason, item classifications, together with tariff assessments, are the most difficult and could pose a significant risk to entities if they are misclassified. For this reason, import reports are consigned to customs officials, who are customs experts, while paying a substantial fee. The purpose of this study is to classify HS items to be reported upon import declaration and to indicate HS codes to be recorded on import declaration. HS items were classified using the attached image in the case of item classification based on the case of the classification of items by the Korea Customs Service for classification of HS items. For image classification, CNN was used as a deep learning algorithm commonly used for image recognition and Vgg16, Vgg19, ResNet50 and Inception-V3 models were used among CNN models. To improve classification accuracy, two datasets were created. Dataset1 selected five types with the most HS code images, and Dataset2 was tested by dividing them into five types with 87 Chapter, the most among HS code 2 units. The classification accuracy was highest when HS item classification was performed by learning with dual database2, the corresponding model was Inception-V3, and the ResNet50 had the lowest classification accuracy. The study identified the possibility of HS item classification based on the first item image registered in the item classification determination case, and the second point of this study is that HS item classification, which has not been attempted before, was attempted through the CNN model.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.563-588
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• 2016

In this study, solution models are proposed to obtain code-compatible ground motion record sets which can be used for both uni-directional and bi-directional dynamic analyses. Besides scaled, unscaled ground motion record sets are obtained to show the utility and efficiency of the solution models. For scaled ground motion sets the proposed model is based on hybrid HS-Solver which integrates heuristic harmony search (HS) algorithm with the spreadsheet Solver add-in. For unscaled ground motion sets HS based solution model is proposed. Design spectra defined in Eurocode-8 for different soil types are selected as target spectra. The European Strong Motion Database is used to get ground motion record sets. Also, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the effect of different HS solution parameters on the solution accuracy. Results show that the proposed solution models can be regarded as efficient ways to develop scaled and unscaled ground motion sets compatible with code-based design spectra.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.323-347
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• 2014

This paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is improved by making use of the Harmony Search (HS) approach and called HS-PSO algorithm. A computer code is developed for optimal sizing design of non-linear steel frames with various semi-rigid and rigid beam-to-column connections based on the HS-PSO algorithm. The developed code selects suitable sections for beams and columns, from a standard set of steel sections such as American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) wide-flange W-shapes, such that the minimum total cost, which comprises total member plus connection costs, is obtained. Stress and displacement constraints of AISC-LRFD code together with the size constraints are imposed on the frame in the optimal design procedure. The nonlinear moment-rotation behavior of connections is modeled using the Frye-Morris polynomial model. Moreover, the P-${\Delta}$ effects of beam-column members are taken into account in the non-linear structural analysis. Three benchmark design examples with several types of connections are presented and the results are compared with those of standard PSO and of other researches as well. The comparison shows that the proposed HS-PSO algorithm performs better both than the PSO and the Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) methods.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.299-321
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze export competitiveness of Korean auto parts and Chinese auto parts in U.S. market by using Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. For attaining the purpose of study, we classified the auto parts which exported to U.S. market and the imported products by using the six units classification of the Harmonized System(HS). Analyzing period was 1998-2005. The analysis of Korean results of MCA indicated that the Korean auto parts which gained export competitiveness in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.94, 8708.99, 8708.92. The products which will have export competitiveness in the U.S. market would be HS Code No. 8708.93, 8708.39, 8708.60 respectively. On the other hand, the results indicated that the Chinese auto parts which gained export competitiveness in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.70, 8708.31, 8708.91, 8708.60, 8708.39. From this study, we find the following strategies for successful advancing into the U.S. and world market. i) Linking strategy through working cooperation with local auto firms, government and academic world. ii) Advance strategy of auto firm accompany by module working and system auto parts firm. iii) Retention strategy of large technical institution established by auto parts firms and taking cooperation of auto firms iv) Settlement strategy for having weaken competitive article and production field. v) Cost-cutting strategy through strengthening logistics cooperation system between auto parts firms and auto firms. vi) Active invitation strategy of foreign investment under quickly cooperating of government.

• Mineral and Industry
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• v.27
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

In this study, a proposal for revision of HSK Code was established on legally designated minerals and national stockpile minerals. It is difficult to exactly identify trade balances of minerals, such as lithium ore, rare earth ore, serpentine, kidney stone in legally designated minerals and ingot of indium, ferro-tungsten, ingot of antimony, granule of selenium, gallium, lanthanum oxide, cerium carbonate in national stockpile minerals because HSK Codes of them were not allocated separately. Furthermore, specific use, standard, component, type of products cannot be exactly identified in current HSK Code system. Therefore, it is makes rule to separately manage minerals which were managed by government such as legally designated minerals and national stockpile minerals. However, a proposal for revision of HSK Code system was established to comply with international standard(HS Code) and the items over a certain size(amounts : over 50 mil.$, volumes : over 5000 ton) were selected as revised subjects. Moreover hierarchies between HSK Codes were considered.

• Journal of Korean Electronics
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.68-74
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• 1993

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.828-834
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• 2008

This paper presents high-spread (HS) random interleavers based interleave-division multiple access (IDMA) scheme for the 4th generation mobile radio system. High-spread feature of a random interleaver offers high-spread characteristics to interleavers and thus produces extrinsic values with low correlation. As interleavers are key components for user separation in the IDMA, the HS interleavers with this feature are employed and analyzed in the IDMA for performance improvement. In addition, by replacing random interleavers with the HS interleavers in the IDMA, bandwidth efficiency is achieved by means of reducing the length of the repetition code. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme of the IDMA with the HS interleavers provides superior BER performance and improved bandwidth efficiency.