• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2007

It has been recently demonstrated the presence of not only $C_{28}-BRs$ biosysnthesis, but also $C_{27}-$ and $C_{29}-BRs$ biosynthesis in plants, suggesting that BRs biosynthesis are complicatedly connected to produce biologically active BR (s). This prompted us to investigation of metabolism of a $C_{29}-BR$, 28-homoCS in seedlings of rice from which $C_{29}-BRs$ such as 28-homoTE and 28-homoTY have been identified. In vitro enzyme conversion study using a crude enzyme solution prepared from rice seedlings revealed that 28-homoCS is converted into both CS and 26-nor-28-homoCS, but their reversed reaction did not occur. This indicated that 28-homoCS is biosynthetically converted into more biologically active $C_{28}-BR$, CS by C-28 demethylation and biodegraded into 26-nor-28-homoCS by C-26 demethylation. Next, bio-conversion of 28-homoCS to 28-homoBL was examined by the same enzyme solution. No 28-homoBL as a metabolite of 28-homoCS was detected, meaning that biosynthetic reaction for 28-homoCS to 28-homoBL is not contained, and main connection of $C_{28}-BRs$ and $C_{29}-BRs$ biosynthesis is between CS and 28-homoCS in the rice seedling. This study is the first demonstrated that $C_{29}-BRs$ and $C_{28}-BRs$ bionsynthetic pathways are connected, and that $C_{29}-BRs$ biosynthetic pathway is an alternative biosynthetic pathway to produce more biologically active $C_{28}-BR$, CS in plant.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.9
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2021

Using the perspective of cultural philosophy, this paper aims to consider the possibility that the future metaverse will be developed into a cultural space for human beings. The redirection of the approach to understanding the metaverse space is necessary. And, this paper critically reviews the dangers of understanding the dichotomous space of reality and virtuality, and mobilized humanistic imagination through the film Ready Player One. Ultimately, the space the future metaverse grows into will be a cultural space run by both homo fabre and homo ludens.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.697-709
• /
• 2020

In this paper, the class of quasi-annihilator (homo)flat acts based on the notion of quasi-annihilator ideal is introduced. This class lies strictly between the classes of weakly (homo)flat and principally weakly (homo)flat acts. Some properties of such kinds of flatness are studied. We present some homological classifications for monoids by means of quasiannihilator (homo)flatness of their right Rees factor acts.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2010

HOMO(the highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO(the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of four recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were calculated by MOPAC program(CaChe Co). The previous papers which reported experimental results about radical reaction of PAHs were reviewed. The reported radical reaction positions of four PAHs corresponded with predicted positions in which ${\Delta}E$(HOMO-LUMO) was high. From these results, it appears that determining the ${\Delta}E$(HOMO-LUMO) of a PAH is a promising method for predicting the radical reaction position.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.21
• /
• pp.87-111
• /
• 2010

This research examines the concept of 'homo sovieticus' by reviewing the sociological essay novel homo sovieticus written by Zinoviev who was one of the well-known dissident in Soviet Union period, and attempts to have critical understanding of the concept. It is an interesting research topic that current Russia and Russians who get through the historical layers from Soviet to post-Soviet regime at the time current trend that allows to have various academic discussions of post-Soviet. It is required to examine the past of Russia and Russian to make precise estimation of their current and future. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the term of 'homo sovieticus' which is conventionally accepted. This research aims at broad comprehension of homo-sovieticus by focusing on the Zinoviev's own understanding instead of the habitual use of the term which only contains ideological and political intention.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.7 no.2_3
• /
• pp.72-74
• /
• 1963

Synthesis of azosteroid 3-aza-A-homo-cholestane-4-one, 3-aza-A-homo-coprostane-4-one and 3-aza-A-homo-cholestane-4-one from corresponding oxim and keto-steroid by means of Beckmann's and Schimdt's rearrangement by perphosphoric acid have been evaluated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.11
• /
• pp.3899-3903
• /
• 2011

General, fast, and efficient fusion methods for the synthesis of dendrimers with 1,3-diynes at a core were developed. The synthetic strategy was employed the oxidative homo-coupling of terminal alkyne. The oxidative homo-coupling reaction of the alkyne-functionalized Frechet-type dendrons 1-Dm was allowed to provide first through fourth generation dendrimers 2-Gm with 1,3-diynes at core. The fusion of the propargylfunctionalized PAMAM dendrons 3-Dm by homo-coupling of terminal alkyne lead to the formation of symmetric PAMAM dendrimers 4-Gm. Their structure of dendrimers was confirmed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and GPC analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1015-1019
• /
• 1995

The electronic structures and properties of the neutral and multiply charged C60n ions (n=2+ to 6-) with spin states have been investigated by semi-empirical MNDO calculations. In the ground state, C601- has the lowest total energy and the highest binding energy. The neutral C60 ion is supposed to have a high ionization potential and a high electron affinity. The HOMO and LUMO positions are lower in the cationic C60 than in the anionic C60. The LUMO energy becomes increasingly positive from C601- to C606- and the HOMO energy becomes increasingly negative from C602+ to C60. The HOMO-LUMO gap of the neutral C60 ion is higher than that of the multiply charged C60 ions. From the HOMO-LUMO gap, it seems reasonable to expect that electrons of the multiply charged C60 ions will be more polarizable than those of the neutral C60 ion. The HOMO and LUMO energies increase as the negative charge increases.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.40 no.8
• /
• pp.579-584
• /
• 1996

The HOMO-LUMO gap, and static and dynamic third-order polarizabilities for the polyenes are evaluated by means of the time-dependent Hartree Fock(TDHF) semiempirical PM3, AM1, MNDO, and MINDO/3 calculations. All calculations have performed on the series $C_2H_4$ to $C_{32}H_{34}$. The HOMO-LUMO gap increases in the order: MINDO/3> MNDO> PM3> AM1 levels. THG, DC-EFISHG, IDRI, and OKE for the various calculations show the order: AM1 > MNDO > PM3 levels. The various third-order effects for the polyenes have the following order: THG> DC-EFISHG> IDRI> OKE.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.172-180
• /
• 1986

The Hammett's substituent constants were analyzed for the substituted-benzoic acid, -benzene and -naphthalene by LCAO MO method. Hammett's ${\sigma}$-values have been theoretically proved to treat as the sum of independent contribution of inductive effect and resonance effect. That is, Is (static inductive effect) and Id (dynamic inductive effect) corresponding to inductive effect are chosen as net charge and approximate self atom polarizability indices respectively, and ${\Delta}E^{HOMO}$ which is the difference in HOMO energy level between substituted molecule and unsubstituted molecule as resonance effect. In conclusion, it has been found that the observed ${\sigma}$-values depend on the sum of Id, Is and ${\Delta}E^{HOMO}$.