• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1326-1330
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• 2001

This study analyzed the lowest production cost and the greatest profit to be obtained from marketing hogs to determine the optimal operation scale for family-owned farrow-to-finish farms. Data were collected from 39 farrow-to-finish farms with 500 to 5,000 inventories for two consecutive years, and treated with GLM and quadratic regression models using the REG procedure. Analysis results indicated that farms capable of marketing 2,933 and 3,286 hogs annually had the lowest production cost and the greatest profit, respectively. Further analysis attributed the lowest production cost or the highest return in farms with an optimal scale of 3,000 to a higher survival rate of the herd, as well as lower expenses in veterinary medicine, labor, utilities and fuel, transportation, and depreciation. A similar feed conversion efficiency was observed for all the farms studied. Obviously, the cost efficiencies were associated with the economy of the operation scale of hog production until it reached 3,000 hogs marketed annually for a family-run unit. Beyond the optimal scale of 3,000 hogs, good stockmanship was more difficult to maintain and the herd management deteriorated as increasing mortality confirms. It is conclude that, unless advanced management is applied, the operation scale should not expand beyond 3,000 hogs.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.791-800
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• 1993

Liquid feeding of hogs can be controlled by using feed-level-sensors in the troughs. In this way restricted feeding with computer control of the eating time is possible. For this purpose the feed supplied is adjusted according to the eating time of the previously fed portion. With ad libitum feeding the same sensors can provide for a clean trough once a day and thus help to overcome sanitary problems. The effect of the feeding systems on daily intake and performance of hogs are dealt with.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.728-735
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• 2017

Many restoration projects are underway to revive disturbed streams. In order to achieve successful stream restoration, a variety of microhabitats should be created to promote biological diversity. Research on biological classification of microhabitats is essential for biological diversity. However, research on classification using only physical environmental factors has been carried out. The purpose of this study is to classify and quantify the microhabitat of the stream by using macroinvertebrates systematically. In this study, eight wadeable streams and four non-wadeable streams were surveyed to identify the benthic macroinvertebrates in these various microhabitats. Among the physical environmental factors (current velocity, water depth, substrate), the particle size of the substrate was the most influential factor in the emergence of the Habitat Orientaion Groups. Among the HOGs, clinger and burrower were highly correlated with physical environment factors and showed the opposite tendency. The distribution of clinger and burrower according to the physical environmental factors showed two tendencies based on the current velocity (0.3 m/s) and water depth (0.4 m). In addition, the particle size of the substrate showed three trends (${\leq}-5.0$, -5.0 < mean diameter ${\leq}-2.0$, > -2.0). Based on the abundance tendency of these two HOGs, the microhabitats were classified into nine types, from a eupotamic microhabitat to a lentic microhabitat. Classification of the microhabitats using HOGs can be employed for creating microhabitats to promote biological diversity in future stream restoration plans.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2007

본 시험은 육성-비육돈에 대한 생균제, illite, 활성탄 및 목초액이 육질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 생균제 0.2%와, illite, 활성탄 및 목초액을 각각 1.0%를 삼원교잡종($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$, 평균체중 $32.3{\pm}1.3 kg$) 육성-비육돈에게 100일간 급여하여 전단가, 보수력, 육즙감량 및 가열감량, 육색, 신선육과 조리육의 관능평가 및 조직감을 분석하였다. 목초액과 활성탄을 각각 1.0% 급여할 경우 유리수분은 대조구에 비하여 낮았으나, 보수력은 높게 나타났다. 육즙감량은 생균제, illite, 활성탄 및 목초액을 급여함으로서 유의적으로 적었으며, 가열감량은 목초액을 1.0% 급여할 경우 적었다. 육색의 명도($L^*$)와 적색도($a^*$) 값은 모든 처리구에서 차이가 없었으나, 황색도($b^*$) 값은 활성탄과 목초액을 1.0%급여할 경우 높았다. 목초액을 1.0% 급여할 경우 신선육의 관능평가에서 육즙감량은 적었으며, 육색은 높았다. 또한 가열육의 경우에도 육색과 육즙 함량은 목초액을 1.0% 급여할 경우 높았다. 따라서, 육성-비육돈 사료에 목초액을 1.0% 첨가 급여할 경우 경쟁력 있는 브렌드 돈육의 생산이 가능하며, 농가소득 증대에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2013

Sewage treatment plants are energy hogs. Among many, aeration systems account for 40-50 percent of the total energy use. To save energy, strengthening oxygen transfer characteristics is necessary. In order to do so, microscopic bubble-creating equipment is a prerequisite. This study focuses on microscopic bubble-producing air diffuser manufacture to save energy and enhance oxygen transfer.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.58-70
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• 2016

본 연구는 2015년 6월부터 8월까지 2회에 걸쳐 충청남도 태안군 일대의 담수생태계를 중점으로 수서곤충의 다양성, 섭식기능군, 서식기능군 및 분포특이종을 조사하였다. 조사결과 태안군 전체에서 수서곤충은 총 6목 30과 72종이 출현하였다. 분류군별 출현종수는 정수지역에서 출현빈도가 높은 잠자리목이 22종(30.56%)으로 가장 높게 출현하였으며, 다음으로 딱정벌레목 21종(29.16%), 노린재목 17종(23.61%), 파리목 8종(11.11%) 순으로 나타났다. 하천에 풍부하게 서식하는 하루살이목(Ephemeroptera)과 날도래목(Trichoptera)은 각각 2종(2.78%)으로 매우 낮게 출현하였으며, 청정수역을 대표하는 강도래목(Plecoptera)과 유수지역에 서식하는 뱀잠자리목(Megaloptera)은 출현하지 않았다. 섭식기능군은 잠자리목(Odonata), 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera), 노린재목(Hemiptera)이 우세하게 출현하여 Predators(48종, 66.67%)의 비율이 높았고, Shredders와 Scrapers는 출현빈도가 낮게 나타났다. 서식기능군은 Swimmers(24종, 33.33%), Climbers(18종, 25.0%), Sprawlers(12종, 16.67%) 순으로 나타났으며, 이는 대부분 섬과 같은 정수지역에 서식하는 무리의 구성으로 내륙지역의 수서곤충 무리와는 다른 양상을 나타냈다. 환경부지정 분포특이종 및 위기(EN), 준위협(NT), 취약(VU) 종으로 적색목록 범주에 포함되어있는 동쪽애물방개(Cybister lewisianus), 투구물땡땡이(Helophorus auriculatus), 단발날도래(Agrypnia pagetana), 각시물자라(Diplonychus esakii) 4종의 서식처가 유지되고 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 국외반출승인종인 새노란실잠자리(Ceriagrion auranticum)와 작은등줄실잠자리(Paracercion melanotum) 2종, 기후변화 생물지표종인 북방아시아실잠자리(Ischnura elegans) 1종이 서식하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 주요 분포특이종 및 야생에서 절멸 위기에 직면해 있는 4종에 대해서는 환경부 전국자연환경조사(2006년~2012년) 자료를 포함하여 국내 전국 분포지도를 작성하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2014

2009년 11월 착공되어 2011년 11월 준공된 낙동강 낙단보 구간의 상류와 하류 지점을 대상으로 2007년부터 2014년까지 8년간 연 4회 조사된 저서성 대형무척추동물의 변화 양상을 파악하였다. 8년간의 자료를 보 설치 이전인 2007년부터 2009년, 공사 기간이었던 2010년부터 2011년, 준공 이후인 2012년부터 2014년의 3개 시기로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 공사 이전에 비해 공사 이후에 전반적인 종수 및 개체수가 평균 51종 $895inds.\;m^{-2}$에서 25종 $84inds.\;m^{-2}$로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 이러한 감소 경향은 낙단보의 하류에 비해 상류에서 두드러지게 나타났으며, 분류군별로는 Trichoptera의 감소 폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 낙단보 준공이후 우점도는 증가, 다양도 및 풍부도는 감소하였으며, 준공 직후인 2012년에 일시적으로 큰 변화를 보였다. 섭식기능군은 준공 이후 GC와 P의 개체수 비율이 증가하였으며, 서식기능군은 BU의 개체수 비율이 증가하였다. 이러한 현상은 준설에 의해 수변부의 경사도가 비교적 높아짐에 따른 저수심지대 면적 감소, 보 설치에 의한 유속 감소, 하상 구조 중 모래 비율의 증가 등의 영향으로, 유속이 느린 수계에서 모래에 굴을 파고 서식하거나, 하상의 CPOM과 FPOM을 주워먹는 종의 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 보 준공이후 신규 이입된 종과 교란에 의해 영향을 받은 종들에 대한 지속적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2015

Vulnerable road users such as bike, motorcycle, small automobiles, and etc. are easily attacked or threatened with bigger vehicles than them. So this paper suggests a new approach two-wheelers detection system riding on people based on modified histogram of oriented gradients (HOGs) which is weighted by curvature and local correlation coefficient. This correlation coefficient between two variables, in which one is the person riding a bike and other is its background, can represent correlation relation. First, we extract edge vectors using the curvature of Gaussian and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) which includes gradient information and differential magnitude as cell based. And then, the value, which is calculated by the correlation coefficient between the area of each cell and one of bike, can be used as the weighting factor in process for normalizing the HOG cell. This paper applied the Adaboost algorithm to make a strong classification from weak classification. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm show higher than that of the traditional method and under challenging, such as various two-wheeler postures, complex background, and even conclusion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1452-1458
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of sex and market weight on performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality. A total of 224 crossbred pigs (initially 26.64 kg BW) were allotted in a $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The variables were sex (gilts and barrows) and different market weights (100, 110, 120 and 130 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly higher (p<0.01) in barrows than gilts, ADFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased as body weight increased (p<0.05). Gender differences were observed in carcass characteristics. Backfat thickness and drip loss were greater in barrows (p<0.01), while loin eye area (p<0.01), flavor score (p<0.05) and lean content (p<0.001) were higher in gilts. Carcass grade and water holding capacity were the highest in 110 kg market weight pigs. The 100 kg arket weight pigs showed lower juiciness, tenderness, shear forces and total palatability than the other market weights (p<0.01). Hunter values (L*, a* and b*) were increased as market weight increased (p<0.05). Hunter a* value was greater in gilts (p<0.01) but L* value and b* value were not affected by sex of pigs. Net profit [(carcass weight${\times}$price by carcass grade)-(total feed cost+cost of purchased pig)] was higher in gilts than barrows (p<0.01), and was higher (p<0.05) in the pigs marketed at 110 and 120 kg market weight compared with 100 kg market weight. These results demonstrated that gilts showed higher carcass characteristics, pork quality, feed cost per kg body weight gain and net profit compared with barrows. Moreover, 110 or 120 kg body weight would be the recommended market weight based on pork quality and net profit for swine producers.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2016

Objectives To investigate the accuracy and scientific validity of the current very low risk factor for hereditary diseases in humans following exposures to ionizing radiation adopted by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The value is based on experiments on mice due to reportedly absent effects in the Japanese atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors. Methods To review the published evidence for heritable effects after ionising radiation exposures particularly, but not restricted to, populations exposed to contamination from the Chernobyl accident and from atmospheric nuclear test fallout. To make a compilation of findings about early deaths, congenital malformations, Down's syndrome, cancer and other genetic effects observed in humans after the exposure of the parents. To also examine more closely the evidence from the Japanese A-bomb epidemiology and discuss its scientific validity. Results Nearly all types of hereditary defects were found at doses as low as one to 10 mSv. We discuss the clash between the current risk model and these observations on the basis of biological mechanism and assumptions about linear relationships between dose and effect in neonatal and foetal epidemiology. The evidence supports a dose response relationship which is non-linear and is either biphasic or supralinear (hogs-back) and largely either saturates or falls above 10 mSv. Conclusions We conclude that the current risk model for heritable effects of radiation is unsafe. The dose response relationship is non-linear with the greatest effects at the lowest doses. Using Chernobyl data we derive an excess relative risk for all malformations of 1.0 per 10 mSv cumulative dose. The safety of the Japanese A-bomb epidemiology is argued to be both scientifically and philosophically questionable owing to errors in the choice of control groups, omission of internal exposure effects and assumptions about linear dose response.