• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1B
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

The radar relationship was estimated for the selected rainfall event at Yeongchun station within Chungjudam basin where the discharge record was the range of from 1,000 CMS to 9,000 CMS. By calibrating the rainfall coefficient parameter estimated by radar relationship in small hydrology basin, rainfall with the topography properties was calculated. Three different rainfall estimation methods were compared:(1) radar relationship method (2) Thiessen method (3) Isohyetal method (4) Inverse distance method. Basin model was built by applying HEC-GeoHMS which uses digital elevation model to extract hydrological characteristic and generate river network. The proposed basin model was used as an input to HEC-HMS to build a runoff model. The runoff estimation model applying radar data showed the good result. It is proposed that the radar data would produce more rapid and accurate runoff forecasting especially in the case of the partially concentrated rainfall due to the atmospheric change. The proposed radar relationship could efficiently estimate the rainfall on the study area(Chungjudam basin).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.165-181
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was aimed to review the global status of adverse event (AE) reports and the characteristics of the reported AEs of plants managed as herbal medicines (HMs) with toxic precautions in Korea. Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study that analyzed information available through VigiAccess, a website that provides summarized statistical information from the WHO's global AE database to the public. VigiAccess was searched in 8 Jan, 2024. Information on the total number of reports, number of reports by year and continent, and the age and gender of patients were obtained, and the types of frequently reported AEs were also reviewed. Results: Data on the status of report submissions were obtained for a total of 9 HMs including Aconitum ciliare, Aconitum carmichaeli, Arisaema japonicum, Pinellia ternata, Euphorbiae Lathyridis, Croton tiglium, Strychni Ignatii, Strychnons nux-vomica, and Linum usitatissimum. The number of reports per HM was from 1 to 137. The most commonly reported type of AEs were gastrointestinal disorders in most of the HMs, followed by neurological disorders. Serious adverse events were reported only in Strychni Ignatii, Strychnons nux-vomica, and Linum usitatissimum, including one case of death. Conclusions: This study shows the status of reported AEs of botanicals considered as HMs with toxic precautions in Korea based on real world data. However, when interpreting the findings of this study, readers should consider the significant limitations of this study mainly because of the characteristics of the data source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

In the dentistry field, an ultrasonic surgery unit is widely used in bone cutting and scaling to reduce operation time and minimize hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone cutting and the effect of a specimen's temperature on the two-type ultrasonic surgery unit using a handpiece moving system(HMS). A HMS, which can cut the bone, was developed to perform the experimental procedure with precision of motion control. Bone specimens were prepared from a combination of epoxy-hardener and cortical bone of bovine leg. Through the bone-cutting experiment, the cutting depth was evaluated by not only scanning electron microscopy, but also Vernier calipers. Also, the temperature distribution was measured by a thermo-graphic camera. This study may be applied methodically in various experimental evaluations on a performance test by a HMS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1822-1829
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 계산된 유량과 실측 유량을 비교하여 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수를 추정하고자 하였다. 오산천과 진위천 상류유역에 대하여 Arcview와 WMS로 지형자료에 대한 전 처리를 한후, HEC-HMS 프로그램을 이용하여 유출량을 산정하였다. 2001년부터 2005년까지 4개의 사상에 대하여 강우량, 기흥저수지와 이동저수지의 실제 방류량을 이용하여 유출량을 산정하였으며, Clark 모형의 매개변수를 Russel 공식, Sabol 공식 및 HEC-HMS 프로그램에 내장된 Nelder-Mead 최적화 방법을 이용하여 매개변수를 각각 산정하여 회화 지점의 실측 유출량과 비교.평가하였다. 빈도가 큰 유출사상의 경우에는 Sabol 식을 적용한 결과가 Russel 식을 적용한 모의결과보다 첨두유량의 재현성이 우수하게 나타났으며, 유출량이 작은 경우에는 Russel 식을 적용한 모의결과가 우수하였다. 첨두가 중제곱평균제곱근오차, 잔차자승의 합, 절대잔차의 합 등 3가지의 서로다른 목적함수를 적용하여 매개변수를 자동 보정하였을 때, 목적함수에 따른 첨두유량의 오차는 거의 동일하였으며, 첨두시간에 대한 오차는 첨두가중제곱평균제곱근오차를 적용했을 때 가장 작은 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 Clark 유역 추적모형의 자동보정을 통하여 추정한 매개변수인 도달시간과 저류상수는 강우사상에 따라서 변동하는 특성을 나타내기 때문에 최적의 도달시간 및 저류상수는 홍수사상별로 추정되어야 하며 이 결과는 홍수량 산정을 위한 매개변수 추정과정의 비유일성 및 복잡성을 암시하고 있다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 1983

In order to increase the sensitivity of the photographic emulsion, one of the chemical sensitizers hydroxymethane sulfonic acid sodium salt(HMS) was applied through the chemical ripening process and following four types of emulsion were prepared. Their grain sizes were determined through the electron microscope. The ranges of average grain sizes were $0.05-0.40{\mu}m$ for silver chlorobromide emulsion of low sensitivity $0.10-0.45{\mu}m$ for the silver chlorobromide emulsion of medium sensitivity, $0.60-1.05{\mu}m$ for the silver iodobromide emulsion of high sensitivity, and $0.90-1.55{\mu}m$ for the ammonical silver iodobromide emulsion of high sensitivity. Through the reduction sensitization with HMS, they showed significant sensitivity enhancement by the increment of HMS concentration above pH 5.5 and pBr 3.0. Required sensitivity was obtained above pH 6.2 and pBr 3.3 when sulfur and gold sensitization were applied. Fog formed along the reduction sensitization was successfully prevented by the addition of 5.5-dimethylhydantion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.432-436
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• 2009

Recently, damage of flood is increased because of a short of time of concentration by development and a rise in runoff discharge by frequently heavy rain. The increase of runoff discharge is resulted in not only rise of water level but also damage of lives and property around river. Therefore, it is should be the first to estimate the exact runoff discharge. And based on the estimated flood discharge, flood damage is prevented by estimating inundated area of flood. In this study, flood stage is forecasted using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS for Namdae-stream. The peak discharges were determinated by probability rainfall with the return period. The peak discharges obtained from HEC-HMS were inputted boundary conditions for the channel routing. Flood stages were evaluated using HEC-RAS.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.602-605
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• 2006

This study is to apply QuickBird satellite image for the simulation of storm runoff in a small rural watershed. For a 1.05 $km^2$ watershed located in Goesan-Gun of Chungbuk Province, the land use from the QuickBird image was produced by on-screening digitising after ortho-rectifying using 2 m DEM. For 3 cases of land use, soil and elevation scale (1:5,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000), SCS (Soil Conservation Service)-CN (Curve Number) and the watershed physical parameters were prepared for the storm runoff model, HEC-HMS (Hydrological Modelling System). The model was evaluated for each case and compared the simulated results with couple of selected storm events.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2008

최근 들어 이상기후로 인한 집중호우가 빈발하고 있으며, 이로인한 피해가 증가하고 있다. 실례로 2002년 발생한 태풍 루사의 경우, 가능최대강수량(PMP)에 근접한 강우강도를 보였으며, 최근 발생하고 있는 국지성 호우의 경우도 시간을 고려할 때 상당히 큰 강우강도를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가능최대강수량과 댐과의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 태풍 루사의 강우 사상을 대상으로 소양강 댐의 붕괴를 고려한 시나리오와 붕괴되지 않은 시나리오로 구분하여 홍수량을 모의하였다. 강우사상의 경우, 건교부에서 2004년에 제시한 방법을 이용하여 공간분포를 시킨 후, 공간 분포된 강우를 대상으로 Huff 2분위를 적용하여 시간분포 시켰다. 또한 공간분포를 적용하지 않은 강우를 같은 방법으로 시간분포를 시킨 후, 각각의 결과를 비교분석하였다. 댐 붕괴해석을 위한 모형으로는 미육군공병단(USACE)에서 제공하는 HEC-HMS 3.1.0을 사용하였다. 분석결과 댐 붕괴를 하지 않았을 때 공간분포를 적용하는 경우가 공간분포를 적용하지 않는 경우에 비해서 지속시간이 1시간$\sim$18시간 까지는 가능최대강수량 및 첨두홍수량이 작게 모의되었으며, 18시간 이상의 지속시간을 가지는 경우에는 각각 더 크게 모의됨을 알 수 있었고 댐이 붕괴하는 경우에는 불규칙한 값을 갖게 되는 것을 볼 수 있다. 또한 태풍 루사시 소양강 댐이 붕괴되었다면, 첨두 홍수량은 2.5배가량 증가된 것으로 모의되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

While dental clinics still use the ultrasonic scaling/surgery tool for teeth scaling and cleaning the tool's use is expanding steadily to include treatment of damaged teeth and bone tissue. In this study, a handpiece moving system (HMS) was developed to evaluate bone scaling and cutting in the field of dentistry. The HMS, through a scaling test of bone using a scaler tip, it was able to identify surface damage. Additionally, a thermos-graphic camera was used to observe the temperature distribution that occurred during the bone scaling and cutting process. Consequently, we found that increasing the working load increased the amount of surface damage. Changes in temperature distribution occurred slowly and were maintained within safety bounds for 10 minutes. Going forward, we will compare the HMS performance on scaling and cutting with other devices.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.634-638
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• 2004

Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) molecular sieve was produced by microwave heating of amorphous titanium-containing solid precursors after impregnation with aqueous TPAOH solution. $SiO_2-TiO_2$ xerogel, sub-micron sized $SiO_2-TiO_2$ prepared by thermal plasma process, and Ti-containing mesoporous silica, Ti-HMS, were tested as the solid phase substrates. Highly crystalline product was obtained within 30 min. after microwave irradiation with yields over 90% using $SiO_2-TiO_2$ xerogel, which showed essentially identical physicochemical properties to TS-1 prepared by conventional hydrothermal method. Excellent catalytic activity was also obtained for 1-hexene epoxidation using $H_2O_2.\;SiO_2-TiO_2$ particles prepared by thermal plasma and Ti-HMS were found inferior as a substrate for TS-1, probably due to difficulties in wetting the surface uniformly with TPAOH.