• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

Adulteration of argan oil with some other cheaper oils with similar chemical compositions has resulted in increasing demands for authenticity assurance and quality control. Fast and simple analytical techniques are thus needed for authenticity analysis of high-priced argan oil. Raman spectroscopy is a potent technique and has been extensively used for quality control and safety determination for food products In this study, Raman spectroscopy in combination with a net analyte signal (NAS)-based methodology, i.e., hybrid linear analysis method developed by Goicoechea and Olivieri in 1999 (HLA/GO), was used to predict the different concentrations of olive oil (0 - 20%) added to argan oil. Raman spectra of 90 samples were collected in a spectral range of $400-400cm^{-1}$, and calibration and validation sets were designed to evaluate the performance of the multivariate method. The results revealed a high coefficient of determination ($R^2$) value of 0.98 and a low root-mean-square error (RMSE) value of 0.41% for the calibration set, and an $R^2$ of 0.97 and RMSE of 0.36% for the validation set. Additionally, the figures of merit such as sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were used for further validation. The high $R^2$ and low RMSE values validate the detection ability and accuracy of the developed method and demonstrate its potential for quantitative determination of oil adulteration.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2005

S. aureus는 자연계에 널리 상재해 있으며 우리나라의 경우 Salmonella spp.에 의한 식중독 다음으로 많이 발생하는 식중독의 원인균으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 상추와 원유로부터 분리한 S. aureus(n=86)의 표현형 및 유전형 특징을 파악할 목적으로 coagulase, hemolysin, enterotoxin 및 toxic shock syndrome toxin I 등에 대한 유전자를 대상으로 PCR 방생제 감수성 시험을 수행하여 그들 분리균주들의 항생제 내성정도를 결정하였다. 상추와 원유로부터 분리한 S. aureus 균주는 모두 coagulase 유전자를 보유하고 있었고, 또한 PCR 산물의 amplicon size는 500bp(2.4%), 580bp(17.4%), 660bp(61.6%), 740bp(17.4%) 및 820bp(1.2%)로 다섯 종류가 검출되었다. Hemolysin 유전자의 경우는 원유로부터 분리한 4개의 hld 유전자 보유균주를 제외하고 모든 분리균주에서 multiple hemolysin gene을 보유하였으며, 그 중 47개 균주(54.7%)가 hla/hld/hlg2 유전자를 모두 소유한 균주로서 가장 많은 분포를 나타내었다. 한편, enterotoxin 유전자를 소유한 S. aureus 분리균주는 37 균주(43.0%)로서 그중 32균주(37.2%)에서 sea 유전자가 검출되었고, 1균주(1.1%)에서 sed 유전자, 그리고 4균주(4.6%)에서 sea와 sed 유전자가 모두 검출되었으나, seb, sec 혹은 tsst-1 유전자는 검출되자 않았다. 그리고 항생제 감수성 시험 결과에서는 모든 균주가 ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, vancomycin 그리고 trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole에 대하여 감수성을 나타내었고 penicillin G(98.8%)는 높은 감수성을 보였으나 chloramphenicol(63%)과 erythromycin(59%)은 감수성이 낮았고, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin 및 penicillin G에 대하여는 각각 4.7%, 82.6%, 14.0% 및 1.2%의 균주가 내성을 가지고 있었다. 또한 항생제 다제내성 양상을 살펴본 결과에 의하면 사용된 8종류의 항생물질들 중 2가지 항생물질에 대하여 내성을 나타낸 균주는 7개(8.1%)이고, 3종 이상의 항생물질에 대하여 다제 내성을 보이는 균주는 나타나지 않았다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Purpose: The survival rate for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved significantly. However, overall prognosis for the 20 to 25% of patients who relapse is poor, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the best chance for cure. In this study, we identified significant prognostic variables by analyzing the outcomes of allogeneic HSCT in ALL patients in second complete remission (CR). Methods: Fifty-three ALL patients (42 men, 79%) who received HSCT in second CR from August 1991 to February 2009 were included (26 sibling donor HSCTs, 49%; 42 bone marrow transplantations, 79%). Study endpoints included cumulative incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse, 1-year transplant-related mortality (TRM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Cumulative incidences of acute GVHD (grade 2 or above) and chronic GVHD were 45.3% and 28.5%, respectively. The estimated 5-year DFS and OS for the cohort was $45.2{\pm}6.8%$ and $48.3{\pm}7%$, respectively. Only donor type, i.e., sibling versus unrelated, showed significant correlation with DFS in multivariate analysis ($p$=0.010). The rates of relapse and 1 year TRM were $28.9{\pm}6.4%$ and $26.4{\pm}6.1%$, respectively, and unrelated donor HSCT ($p$=0.002) and HLA mismatch ($p$=0.022) were significantly correlated with increased TRM in univariate analysis. Conclusion: In this single institution study spanning more than 17 years, sibling donor HSCT was the only factor predicting a favorable result in multivariate analysis, possibly due to increased TRM resulting from unrelated donor HSCT.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5973-5981
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• 2013

At present, the most common cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. In a large proportion of breast cancers, there is the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This receptor is a 185 KDa growth factor glycoprotein, also known as the first tumor-associated antigen for different types of breast cancers. Moreover, HER2 is an appropriate cell-surface specific antigen for passive immunotherapy, which relies on the repeated application of monoclonal antibodies that are transferred to the patient. However, vaccination is preferable because it would stimulate a patient's own immune system to actively respond to a disease. In the current study, several bioinformatics tools were used for designing synthetic peptide vaccines. PEPOP was used to predict peptides from HER2 ECD subdomain III in the form of discontinuous-continuous B-cell epitopes. Then, T-cell epitope prediction web servers MHCPred, SYFPEITHI, HLA peptide motif search, Propred, and SVMHC were used to identify class-I and II MHC peptides. In this way, PEPOP selected 12 discontinuous peptides from the 3D structure of the HER2 ECD subdomain III. Furthermore, T-cell epitope prediction analyses identified four peptides containing the segments 77 (384-391) and 99 (495-503) for both B and T-cell epitopes. This work is the only study to our knowledge focusing on design of in silico potential novel cancer peptide vaccines of the HER2 ECD subdomain III that contain epitopes for both B and T-cells. These findings based on bioinformatics analyses may be used in vaccine design and cancer therapy; saving time and minimizing the number of tests needed to select the best possible epitopes.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2021

Glycerol is a non-volatile compound with no aromatic properties that contributes significantly to the quality of wine by providing sweetness and richness of taste. In addition, it is also the third most significant byproduct of alcoholic fermentation in terms of quantity after ethanol and carbon dioxide. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed as a fast non-destructive method in conjugation with multivariate regression analysis to build a model for the quantitative analysis of glycerol concentration in wine samples. The samples were prepared by using three varieties of red wine samples (i.e., Shiraz, Merlot, and Barbaresco) that were adulterated with glycerol in concentration ranges from 0.1 to 15% (v·v^-1), and subjected to analysis together with pure wine samples. A net analyte signal (NAS)-based methodology, called hybrid linear analysis in the literature (HLA/GO), was applied for predicting glycerol concentrations in the collected FT-IR spectral data. Calibration and validation sets were designed to evaluate the performance of the multivariate method. The obtained results exhibited a high coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.987 and a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.563% for the calibration set, and a R² of 0.984 and a RMSE of 0.626% for the validation set. Further, the model was validated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and limits of detection and quantification, and the results confirmed that this model can be used in most applications, as well as for quality assurance.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2002

Background: Viral antigens presented on the cell surface in association with MHC class I molecules are recognized by CD8+ T cells. MHC restricted peptides are important in eliciting cellular immune responses. As peptide antigens have a weak immunigenicity, pH-sensitive liposomes were used for peptide delivery to induce effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In the previous study, as the HBx peptides could induce specific CTLs in vitro, we tested whether the HLA-A2/$K^b$ transgenic mice that were immunized by HBx-derived peptides could be protected from a viral challenge. Methods: HBx-peptides encapsulated by pH-sensitive liposomes were prepared. $A2K^b$ transgenic mice were immunized i.m. on days one and seven with the indicated concentrations of liposome-encapsulated peptides. Three weeks later, mice were infected with $1{\times}10^7pfu$/head of recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV)-HBx via i.p. administration. The ovaries were extracted from the mice, and the presence of rVV-HBx in the ovaries was analyzed using human TK-143B cells. IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion by these cells was directly assessed using a peptide-pulsed target cell stimulation assay with either peptide-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APCs), concanavalin A ($2{\mu}g/ml$), or a vehicle. To generate peptide-specific CTLs, splenocytes obtained from the immunized mice were stimulated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ of each peptide and restimulated with peptide-pulsed APC four times. The cytotoxic activity of the CTLs was assessed by standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ assay. Results: Immunization of these peptides as a mixture in pH-sensitive liposomes to transgenic mice induced a good protective effect from a viral challenge by inducing the peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Mice immunized with $50{\mu}g/head$ were much better protected against viral challenge compared to those immunized with $5{\mu}g$/head, whereas the mice immunized with empty liposomes were not protected at all. After in vitro CTL culture by peptide stimulation, however, specific cytotoxicity was much higher in the CTLs from mice immunized with $5{\mu}g/head$ than $50{\mu}g/head$ group. Increase of the number of cells that intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cell among CD8+ T cells showed similar result. Conclusion: Mice immunized with XEPs within pH-sensitive liposome were protected against viral challenge. The protective effect depended on the amount of antigen used during immunization. XEP-3-specific CTLs could be induced by peptide stimulation in vitro from splenocytes obtained from immunized mice. The cytotoxic effect of CTLs was measured by $^{51}Cr$-release assay and the percentage of accumulated intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cells after in vitro restimulation was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The result of $^{51}Cr$-release cytotoxicity test was well correlated with that of the flow cytometric analysis. Viral protection was effective in immunized group of $50{\mu}g/head$, while in the in vitro restimulation, it showed more spectific response in $5{\mu}g$/head group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2005

목 적 : 뮤코 다당체 침착증은 glycosaminoglycan을 분해하는 라이소솜 효소의 유전적 결핍에 의해 라이소솜에 전구 물질이 축적되는 질환군이다. 임상 양상은 매우 다양하지만, 일반적으로 만성적이고 진행되는 경과를 보이며 투박한 얼굴 모양, 관절의 경직, 간비 비대, 성장 지연, 신경학적 퇴화를 특징으로 한다. 최근 뮤코 다당체 침착증 I형의 효소 대체 요법이 가능하며 곧 II형에서도 실용화될 전망이다. 임상 증상이 나타나기 전에 효소 치료를 시작함으로써, 뮤코 다당체 침착증 환자에서 보이는 신경학적 및 근골격계 퇴행의 예방이 가능할 것으로 기대하고 있으며, 이에 조기 진단이 더욱 강조되고 있는 상황이다. 저자들은 본원 뮤코 다당체 침착증 환아 모임에 가입된 환아 80명을 대상으로 임상 양상을 분석하여, 국내 뮤코 다당체 환아들의 임상양상을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 2월부터 2004년 12월까지 삼성서울병원 소아과를 방문한 환아 중, 피부 섬유아세포 배양 효소 검사에 의해 뮤코 다당체 침착증이 확진된 환아 80명을 대상으로 하였다. 입원기록 및 외래기록을 검토하여 진단시 연령과 성별, 가족력, 이학적 특징, 방사선 검사, 이비인후과 검사, 안과 검사, 지능검사, 언어 평가에 대한 결과를 분석하였다. 결 론 : 유형별로 II형이 51명(64%), III형이 14명(17.5%), I형이 12명(15%), IV형이 3명(3.8%)으로 II형의 빈도가 월등히 높았다. 진단시 연령은 1세부터 20까지 있었으며, 평균 5.5세였다. 남녀비는 4.7:1이였고, II형 헌터 증후군 51명은 모두 남아였다. 부모가 환아에서 이상을 느낀 첫 징후는 발달 지연이 12례(17%)로 가장 많았고, 그 외에 언어 발달지연(17%), 외모의 이상(16%), 관절 경직(14%) 등이 있었다. 방사선 검사상 전형적인 골격계 변화가 45례(83%)에서 관찰되었다. 55례에서 심장 초음파 검사를 시행했는데 판막의 비후와 경한 역류 소견이 많았고 특히 승모판막의 비후와 역류가 각각 46례(82%), 31례(55%)로 가장 빈번하였다. 이비인후과 평가를 받은 63례 중 46례(73%)에서 중이저류가 관찰되었고, 28례의 환아는 환기관 삽입을 시행 받았다. 33례(82%)에서 중등도 이상의 청력소실이 있었고, 특히 II형 환아들의 ABR 역치 평균이 66.9로 가장 높았다. 지능검사가 가능했던 35례의 환아 중에서 중등도 이상의 정신 지체가 14례(56%)였다. II형 51례의 환아 중에서 4명이 HLA 일치되는 형제로부터 골수이식을 받았다. 그 중 1명은 이식편대 숙주 반응 합병증으로 사망하였고, 나머지 3명에서도 신경학적 퇴행을 예방하지 못하였다. 현재 5명의 I형 환아들에서 효소 대체 치료를 시작하였고 이들의 임상 경과를 주목하고 있다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 80명의 뮤코 다당체 침착증 환자를 대상으로 임상 양상을 분석하였고 유형별로는 II형 헌터 증후군의 빈도가 64%로 외국 연구에 비해 월등히 높았으며 이는 인구학적 차이를 반영한다고 사료된다. 발달 지연, 저신장, 근골격계 변화, 심장판막 변화, 정신 지체, 청력 소실 등 뮤코 다당체 침착증의 전형적인 증상들이 환아의 대부분에서 관찰되었다. 저자들은 국내 뮤코 다당체 침착증 환아들의 임상적 양상을 연구함으로써 조기 진단과 적절한 치료를 하는데 도움이 되고자 하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7825-7829
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• 2015

Background: Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV infection in the world (~14.7%). Around 10-15% of HCV-infected persons will advance to cirrhosis within the first 20 years. The incidence of HCC is expected to grow in the next two decades, largely due to HCV related cirrhosis, and detection of HCC at an early stage is critical for a favorable clinical outcome. No simple reliable non-invasive marker has been available till now. B2M, a non-glycosylated polypeptide composed of 99 amino acids, is one of the components of HLA class I molecules on the surfaces of all nucleated cells. It has been reported that the level of serum B2M is elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCV-related HCC when compared to HCV-negative patients or healthy donors. Determining the clinical utility of serum B2M as a marker for disease progression in Egyptian patients with HCV related chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was the aim of the present study. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross sectional study 92 participants were included in 4 equal groups: Group (1) non cirrhotic chronic HCV; Group (2) HCV related liver cirrhosis; Group (3) HCC on top of HCV,; and Group (4) healthy controls. History taking, clinical examination, routine labs and abdominal ultrasound were conducted for all patients, PCR and Metavir scores for group (1) patients, and triphasic CT abdomen and AFP for Group (3) patients. B2M levels were measured in serum with a fully-automated IMX system. Results: The mean serum B2M level of Group (1) was $4.25{\pm}1.48{\mu}g/ml$., Group (2) was $7.48{\pm}3.04$, Group (3) was $6.62{\pm}2.49$ and Group (4) was $1.62{\pm}0.63$. Serum B2M levels were significantly higher in diseased than control group (p<0.01) being significantly higher in cirrhosis ($7.48{\pm}3.04$) and HCC groups ($6.62{\pm}2.49$) than the HCV group ($4.25{\pm}1.48$) (p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between B2M Level and ALK, total and direct bilirubin and INR (p<0.05), and a significant inverse correlation between B2M level and albumin, total proteins, HB andWBCS values (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between B2M level and viral load or Metavir score, largest tumour size or AFP (p>0.05). The best B2M cut-off for HCV diagnosis was 2.6 with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. The best B2M cut-off for HCC diagnosis was 4.55 which yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive values of 74%, 62%, 39.5, 87.8% respectively (p-value <0.01) while best cut-off for cirrhosis was 4.9, with sensitivity 74 % and specificity 74%.The sensitivity for HCC diagnosis increased upon B2M and AFP combined estimation to 91%, specificity to 79%, NPV to 95% and accuracy to 83%. Conclusions: Serum B2M level is elevated in HCV related chronic liver diseases and may be used as a marker for HCV disease progression towards cirrhosis and carcinoma.