• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

The High Level Architecture(HLA) for modeling and simulation was developed as means of facilitating interoperability among simulations and promoting reuse of simulations and their components. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the latest release of the HLA concept, supporting utilities and develop the prototyped Transportation Movement Management(TMM) federation. To obtain this goal, the Federation Development and Execution Process(FEDEP) is being applied to development of TMM federation will consist of three federates. This paper outlines the rationale of our approach, describes the application of the FEDEP in the development of the federation, and provides the current status of the federation development. The resulting federation shows complete interoperability among simulation components in the TMM federation and satisfactory simulation outputs. We present a description and process of the federation and the lessons learned with the process utilization for federation development and execution. Furthermore, the issues in establishing a HLA based federation across multiple legacy simulations are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.3-7
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• 2004

There are some limitations in the analysis and evaluation for area traffic control systems. The area traffic is consist of several intersections interconnected which are very complicated and many traffic strategy are adopted for the control system. This paper features an effective area traffic control system by High Level Architecture(HLA) which is a new developed simulation tool. In this paper, we discuss the design of HLA-based area traffic control simulation. We describe technical motivations for the HLA, the key elements of the architecture and how they are minimum and essential to the goal of reuse and interoperability in simulation arena.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.109-112
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• 1998

국방 모델 및 시뮬레이션 고수준 아키텍처(High Level Architecture ; HLA)는 여러 가지 군사 워게임 모델, 무기체계 시abf레이터, 야지 훈련 등을 하나로 묶어 마치 전쟁 실험실처럼 가상 전쟁환경을 조성할 수 있는 전장 합성환경(Synthetic Environment)의 구축을 위한 아키텍처이다. 합성 환경은 워게임 모델과 시뮬레이터, 실 야지 기동훈련을 통합하는 정보기술기반 모의체계로서 기존의 워게임으로부터 진일보인 동시에 전쟁을 사실에 가까운 정도로 실험해 볼 수 있는 새로운 기회를 제공하고 있다. HLA는 합성환경 조성을 용이하도록 해주는 고수준 아키텍처로 시뮬레이션 개발을 위한 표준 구조, 설계규칙, 그리고 상호 인터페이스에 대하여 규정하고 있다. 본 연구는 DM&S 합성환경과 초보적인 형태로 HLA 개념을 적용한 예를 보여주는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.30-39
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• 2000

HLA/RTI 시뮬레이션기술은 미국 국방성이 중심이 되어 군사와 관련한 여러 분야에 적용하여 상당한 효과를 발휘하고 있다. 현재는 이를 산업체부문으로 도입을 위한 노력에 귀를 기울이고 있다. 향후 HLA/RTI 문제가 네트워크상에서 운영되는 분산시뮬레이션연구 및 응용분야에 적용하여 큰 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다. 국내에는 이에 대한 이해와 연구가 아직 미미한 형편으로 초보단계에 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 IEEE의 표준으로 진행되고 있는 HLA/RTI 개념을 소규모 생산시스템 시뮬레이션에 적용하여 사용 및 효율성에 대한 가능성을 검토하여 보았다. 생산시스템의 운영중 생성되거나 필요시 외부로부터 요구되는 데이터의 양은 상당히 규모가 커서 이들 데이터를 관리하기 위해서는 효율성 높은 공통의 네트워크 라이브러리가 필요하다. RTI는 이러한 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 라이브러리로서 본 연구에서 가정한 소규모 생산시스템에 적용해 본 결과, 운용면과 시스템개발관점에서 매우 효용있는 새로운 방법으로 판단되고 넓은 적용범위를 기대할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 2002

The High Level Architecture(HLA) for modeling and simulation was developed as means of facilitating interoperability among simulations and promoting reuse of simulations and their components. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the latest release of the HLA concept, supporting utilities and develop the prototyped Transportation Movement Management(TMM) federation. To obtain this goal, the Federation Development and Execution Process(FEDEP) is being applied to development of TMM federation will consist of three federates. This paper outlines the rationale of our approach, describes the application of the FEDEP in the development of the federation, and provides the current status of the federation development. The resulting federation shows complete interoperability among simulation components in the TMM federation and satisfactory simulation outputs. We present a description and process of the federation and the lessons learned with the process utilization for federation development and execution. Furthermore, the issues in establishing a HLA based federation across multiple legacy simulations are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.123-128
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• 2005

War-game modeling and simulation system have been developed and applied to virtual tactical training both inside and outside of country However, most existing models have been developed for individual purpose based on the simple platform modeling such as physical modeling, visual modeling, and conceptual modeling. Thus, those modeling and simulation system cannot support the interoperability, expensively, variety and reusability. To deal with these problems, the paper propose an integrated design methodology for the War-game systems based on the DEVS/HLA.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.1119-1122
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• 2002

소규모의 기능별 시뮬레이션 모형을 운용하던 과거와는 달리 대규모이며 복잡한 시뮬레이션 시스템 구축이 요구되고 있는 현실에서, 대규모의 분산 시뮬레이션을 위한 하드웨어적인 기술 수준의 발전과 더불어 시뮬레이션 자체의 능력도 함께 발전시킬 필요성이 더욱더 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 차세대 시뮬레이션 기술 구조인 HLA(High Level Architecture) 기반 구조하에서 모형을 구축시 RTI(Run-Time Infrastructure)와 시뮬레이션 그리고 FOM(Federation Object Model)에 약간의 수정작업을 가하여, 네트워크의 트래픽을 감소시킴으로써 시뮬레이션의 능력을 향상시키는 방법을 모색하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

The latest version of the HLA(High Level Architecture) standard developed by the US Department of Defense was established as an open and internal IEEE 1516 HLA standard in 2000. Commercial applications based on the IEEE 1516 have already developed in the non-defense industry. We participated in several development projects for NTS (Nuclear Training Simulator). Extensive modifications are necessary to make a new and/or upgraded NTS because the previously developed simulation softwares have not two desirable property: reusability and interoperability. We reviewed the IEEE 1516 specifications to develop NTS having the capability of reusability and interoperability. Our review activities were forced on application development process, supporting tools, and software structure of NTS. The primary goal of this review is to identify what are constraints or problems to be resolved when we apply IEEE 1516 to NTS development. In this paper we suggest several recommendations for NTS developers.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.930-939
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• 2019

High-Level Architecture(HLA)/Run-Time Infrastructure(RTI) are standards for distributed simulation systems and offer a technology to interconnect them and form one single simulation system. In defense domain, M&S is the only way to prove effectiveness of weapon systems except for Live Fire Testing (LFT). This paper focuses on guided missile simulations in weapon systems for engagement analyses and proposes the integrated flying vehicle model that is based on HLA/RTI. There are a lot of missiles in real world; therefore, we should develop each missile models in M&S in order to apply battlefield scenarios. To deal with the difficulties, in this paper, firstly, I classify these missiles into three models: ballastic, cruise, and surface-to-air missile models, and then I design each missile model and integrates them into a single model. This paper also offers a case study with my integrated flying vehicle model. At the conclusion, this paper presents contributions of this paper.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.499-505
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• 2010

Background: There have been several reports using animal experiments that CD1-restricted T-cells have a key role in tumor immunity. To address this issue, we studied the expression of markers for CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from peripheral blood in the clinical setting. Material and Method: A total of 24 patients with radiologically suspected or histologically confirmed lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided according to histology findings into three groups: primary adenocarcinoma of lung (PACL), primary squamous cell carcinoma of lung (PSqCL) and benign lung disease (BLD). We obtained 20 mL of peripheral venous blood from patients using heparin-coated syringes. Using flow-cytometry after labeling with monoclonal antibodies, data acquisition and analysis were done. Result: The ratio of CD1c+CD19- dendritic cells to CD1c+ dendritic cells were not significantly different between the three groups. CD40 (p=0.171), CD86 (p=0.037) and HLA-DR (p=0.036) were less expressed in the PACL than the BLD group. Expression of CD40 (p=0.319), CD86 (p=0.036) and HLA-DR (p=0.085) were less expressed in the PACL than the PSqCL group, but the differences were only significant for CD86. Expression of co-stimulatory markers was not different between the PSqCL and BLD groups. Expression of markers for activated DCs were dramatically lower in the PACL group than in groups with other histology (CD40 (p=0.005), CD86 (p=0.013) HLA-DR (p=0.004). Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility that CD1c+ myeloid DCs participate in control of the tumor immunity system and that low expression of markers results in lack of an immune response triggered by dendritic cells in adenocarcinoma of the lung.