• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.625-633
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• 2004

A comparison between the body types of Korean and Mongolian women was made and analyzed to provide a foundation for securing the Mongolian fashion market. 404 adults within the 18 to 24 age group were studied. From the results of comparing 27 items of direct anthropometric measurements, 15 items were shown to have significant differences. Mongolian women were larger in values for 13 items than were Korean women except two items, which are back waist length and arm length. From the results of comparing 25 items of index values, 19 items were shown to have significant differences. The comparison of the anatomical proportions showed that the lower half of Mongolian women's bodies were longer and their shoulder and hips were wider than those of Korean women. Based on these direct anthropometric measurements and index values, Korean and Mongolian women were categorized into 4 Types; Type 1 is average body type with tall height and longer lower half of the body. Type 2 is slimmer body type with average height. Type 3 is average body type with shorter height. Lastly, type 4 is obese body type with average height.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the demand for functional elements of sports climbing shirts. Questionnaire survey data were collected from adult (n=53) and adolescent (n=55) sports climbers. The questionnaire explored respondents' sports climbing activities and need for functional design features of sports climbing shirts. Their design preferences and purchasing value were also investigated. The results showed that respondents regarded ergonomic design and the use of intelligent material as important elements of expert-level sports climbing shirts. Compared to adolescent, adult respondents were more susceptive to functional design elements such as suitability for climbing motions and ease of dressing or undressing. Also, adult sports climbers were more likely than adolescents to prefer shirts that are tightly fit at the chest. Neither adults nor adolescents favored shirts design that is tightly fit at the neck or armpit. The regular shirts length not covering hips and sleeve length ending at the wrist were preferred. The collar stand should not hit the chin. Adult climbers preferred ergonomically designed sleeves on the back shoulder. Adults and adolescents had different preferences for the front neck zipper length. Adults preferred long front zipper length at chest. These findings suggest that sports climbing shirts should have functional features to prevent interference with climbing movements and improve convenience and stability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the postoperative heating process according to lameness degree, swelling, and muscle atrophy after femoral head and neck ostectomy on Retriever dogs with hip dysplasia and hindleg lameness. Femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) was performed for the repair of hip dysplasia in 4 Retriever dogs (5 hips) referred in veterinary medical teaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, Konkuk University. Age (Mean $\pm$ SD) of patients was 10.3 $\pm$ 3.0 months (range,7 to 16 months) and body weight (Mean $\pm$ SD) was 28.2 $\pm$ 3.4 kg (range, 25 to 34 kg). After FHO, all cases are treated with carprofen (2.2 mg/kg, PO bid, tapering at interval 1-2 weeks) and physical therapy including passive range-of-motion exercises. In all cases, lameness degree was showed V at the next day after surgery, IV at 5 to 7 days, II-III at 30 to 35 days, II at 60 days, and I at 105 to 114 days. These results suggested that femoral head and neck ostectomy was able to be performed on large breed dogs with hip dysplasia and hindleg lameness.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2007

The present study analyzed the two hand backhand stroke motion of six female high school tennis players who won the championship at the National Athletic Meeting in 2006, and drew conclusions as follows. The open angle of the racket at the moment of impact was 90 degree without significant difference among the players, making a wide contact between the ball and the racket. The racket angle was 43 degree at take back and 91 at impact, showing a style of holding the racket rather upright in general. In back swing from the top to the impact, the shoulders and the hips turned by 97 degree and 40 degree, respectively. At the moment of impact, the height of the impact was 54%H, and the position of the impact was 10%H ahead of and 37%H left from the central axis of the body. The right hand made a continental grip and the left hand made a Western or semi Western grip. Through the entire swing motion, the grip angle of the left hand was smaller than that of the right hand, and those who maintained a large grip angle of the right hand at the moment of take back put the racket head slightly farther from the body. In the swing of the racket head from the lowest point to the impact, the vertical length of movement was 11%H and the horizontal length of movement was 60%H, quite long.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.702-712
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to understand the current trend with regard to the material of jeans and the making method of jeans pattern and the characteristics of washing processing through the overall production status of jeans in casual brands and to offer the basic data for producing the high efficient jeans. The results were as follows. According to the survey of production status of jeans in casual brands, the fabric mixture was highest in the order of non-stretch denim 100% cotton, stretch denim cotton/spandex mix and denim with $1{\sim}2%$ weft direction spandex mix. The most frequently used processing method for denim was in the order of normal finishing, mercerization finishing, soft finishing and pigment finishing. The most frequently used method of washing finishing for jeans was in the order of forming by embossing washing, bio stone washing, normal washing, bio washing, and bio stone bleach washing. The average shrinkage was higher on waist circumference and pants length of warp direction rather than hips circumference, thigh circumference, hem circumference of weft direction.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2009

For fit satisfaction evaluation, the subjects were asked to put on the jackets from the seven manufacturers in random order, view how the jackets fit in a full-body mirror and answer questions regarding fitting in 22 specific areas, including the neck, shoulders, waist, hips and arms, as well as eight questions related to maneuverability. The surveys and evaluations were conducted between October 2007 and November 2008, and the compiled data were analyzed using the SPSS 14.0 statistics program. The One-way analysis of variance was performed to comparatively analyze the differences among the products from the seven manufacturers. Post-hoc tests were performed based on Duncan's test for the criteria that displayed significant differences. The results were summarized as follows. Fit evaluations were performed for the size 88 formal jackets from the seven manufacturers. All items, except the center front line, displayed significant differences at p<0.05 or higher among the manufacturers. The age group 20-39 felt that the main problems were in the shoulder, armscye, upper arm, waist, abdomen and hip areas. Modifying the shoulder area, armscye depth and hip areas severely compromises the jacket's balance, and attention to these areas must be given developed pattern design.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.539-552
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• 2019

The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of information on shapewear's functionality in consumers' purchase decisions in an online shopping context. Through two steps of stimulus development process, four mock websites were developed to conduct a main study. In the main study, a 2 (visual information: absent vs. present images of the shapewear's functionality) x 2 (verbal information: absent vs. present descriptions of the shapewear's functionality) between-subject factorial design was employed to examine the impact of visual and verbal information regarding the functionality of shapewear on the consumer decision-making process (i.e., attitudes and purchase intentions). The results showed that verbal information about how shapewear reduces the size of specific body parts (i.e., waist, abdomen, hips, and thighs) were effective in increasing perceived attractiveness in an online context, which increased attitudes and purchase intentions. In addition, attitudes toward the shapewear mediated the effects of expected physical attractiveness on purchase intentions. The results of this study provided empirical support for the importance of expected physical attractiveness in consumers' online purchase decision on shapewear and useful managerial implications for enhancing the effectiveness of online shapewear presentations by including descriptions of the functionality of shapewear in decreasing the size of body parts.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2020

Material extrusion (ME)-type 3D printing is the most popular among the 3D printing processes. In this study, the cross-section morphologies of ME-type 3D printing manufactured specimens were observed with respect to the thermal properties of the material. The cross-section morphology of a specimen is related to the deposition strength, and the outside profile of the cross-section is related to the surface roughness. The filaments used in this study, with different thermal conductivities, were the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), the high impact polystyrene (HIPS), the glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), and the polylactic acid (PLA). The cross-sections and the surfaces of the 3D manufactured specimens were examined. In ME-type 3D printing, the filaments are extruded through a nozzle and they form a layer. These layers rapidly solidify and as a result, they become a product. The thermal conductivity of the material influences the cooling and solidification of the layers, and subsequently the cross-section morphology and the surface roughness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.511-528
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find out comparison of preference style and wearing style of pants and skirt by body perception and satisfaction. This research was done by a survey method. Descriptive Statistics, Coefficients MANOVA, Two-Way ANOVA, t-test and Duncan＇s test were used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The subjects with the highest dissatisfaction about waist girth prefer high waist pants. The subjects with longer waist wear high waist pants. The subjects with wider hips wear narrow down pants. The subjects with the thickest thighs prefer narrow pants but wear narrow down pants. The subjects with the highest dissatisfaction about calf thickness prefer narrow pants but wear wide pants. The subjects with the highest satisfaction about leg length prefer and wear calf length pants. The subjects with the thinnest calves prefer and wear tight pants. 2) The subjects with the thickest thighs prefer straight skirt but wear narrow down skirt. The subjects with the highest dissatisfaction about thigh thickness wear A-line skirt.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

Lower body type of middle-aged(40 to 59) women was analyzed to develop body type-specific slacks. The analysis has four factors. Factor one is hip and leg type. Factor two is lower body height and length. Factor three is waist type, and factor four is hip length. By conducting a cluster analysis with scores of four factors, it came to have three types of classifications. Type one is a rectangular-shaped slim type. Women of this type have a high and lengthy lower body and middle-length hip. They have thin and small legs, their lower body is the longest, and the smallest with small curve among three types. Type two is the diamond-shaped obese type. They have a high and long lower body and legs are medium they are the most obese type. Type three is the large, trapezoidal-shaped, slightly overweight type. They have the longest and the biggest leg and hip. But the length and height of the lower body is the shortest among the three, and the hip is small. Legs are the thickest and shortest. The hip is big compared with the waist and is the longest. They have big hips and thick legs.