• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze body stability Joint coordination pattern though as bending stiffness of shoes during stance phase of running. Method: 47 male subjects (Age: 26.33 ± 2.11 years, Height: 177.32 ± 4.31 cm, Weight: 65.8 ± 3.87 kg) participated in this study. All subjects tested wearing the same type of running shoes by classifying bending stiffness (A shoes: 3.2~4.1 N, B shoes: 9.25~10.53 N, C shoes: 20.22~21.59 N). They ran 10 m at 3.3 m/s (SD ±3%) speed, and the speed was monitored by installing a speedometer at 3 m intervals between force plate, and the measured data were analyzed five times. During running, ankle joint, MTP joint, coupling angle, inclination angle (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral) was collected and analyzed. Vector coding methods were used to calculate vector angle of 2 joint couples during running: MTP-Ankle joint frontal plane. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was Bonferroni. Results: Results indicated that there was an interaction between three shoes and phases for MTP (Metatarsalphalangeal) joint angle (p = .045), the phases in the three shoes showed difference with heel strike~impact peak (p1) (p = .000), impact peak~active peak (p2) (p = .002), from active peak to half the distance to take-off until take-off (p4) (p = .032) except for active peak~from active peak to half the distance to take-off (p3) (p = .155). ML IA (medial-lateral inclination angle) for C shoes was increased than other shoes. The coupling angle of ankle angle and MTP joint showed that there was significantly difference of p2 (p = .005), p4 (p = .045), and the characteristics of C shoes were that single-joint pattern (ankle-phase, MTP-phase) was shown in each phase. Conclusion: In conclusion, by wearing high bending stiffness shoes, their body instability was increased during running.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.85-89
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• 2021

Background : Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital medical condition characterized by complex vascular malformation. KTS consists of a classic triad of capillary malformation (hemangioma), venous malformations and bone or soft tissue hypertrophy causing limb asymmetry. The aim of this report is to describe management for gait disturbance and foot pain in a Patient with KTS using custom-made total contact insole. Case presentation : A 32-year-old man with KTS presented with a 3-year history of gait disturbance on hard surface due to right first toe pain and Achilles tendon tightness. The patient had soft tissue hypertrophy, varicose veins and port-wine stains over the right lower limb associated with KTS. True leg length discrepancy was 2 cm. We prescribed custom-made total contact insole to protect his deformed foot and correct leg length discrepancy. The insole of right side included wedge shaped heel lift and the insole of left side included full length lift to add extra support on unaffected side. Also, we provided compression stocking and physiotherapy including manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema and stretching exercise for tightness in right lower extremity. At 3 years follow-up, postural alignment including pelvic obliquity was improved using a custom-made total contact insole. The degree of scoliosis and foot pain were also reduced. Conclusion : An individualized and multidisciplinary approach is essential regarding the complexity of comorbidities in patients with KTS. For patients with KTS, orthotic management should be considered to prevent and correct deformities related to KTS. Active orthotic management, compression stocking and physiotherapy can enhance the quality of life and function in patients.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between body size traits, carcass traits, and primal cuts in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Sixty-one beef carcasses were classified for conformation and primal cut weight. Additionally, carcass weight, fat thickness, carcass dimensions, and longissimus muscle area were determined to complement the grading. Results: The average live weight and cold carcass weight were 759 and 469 kg, respectively. The mean carcass meat, fat, and bone proportions were 551, 298, and 151 g/kg, respectively. Primal cuts weights showed significant positive correlations (p<0.001) of 0.42 to 0.82 with live weight, carcass weight, and longissimus muscle area and a significant negative correlation with carcass fat (without shank, -0.38 to -0.10). Primal cut weights were positively correlated (p<0.01) with carcass length (0.41 to 0.77), forequarter length (0.33 to 0.57), 6th lumbar vertebrae-heel length (0.33 to 0.59), 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth (0.35 to 0.58), 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth (0.36 to 0.65), 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth (0.38 to 0.63), and coxae girth (0.34 to 0.56) and non-significantly related to cervical vertebrae length and coxae thickness. Conclusion: There was a high correlation among live weight, carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, carcass length, 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth, 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth, and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth of the primal cuts yield. The correlation between fat and primal cut yields was highly significant and negative. Carcass length and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth, appear to be the most important traits affecting primal cut yields.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2021

Among all cancer types, lung cancer ranks highest worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. The crosstalk between lung cancer cells and their tumor microenvironment (TME) has begun to emerge as the "Achilles heel" of the disease and thus constitutes an attractive target for anticancer therapy. We previously revealed that crosstalk between lung cancer cells and endothelial cells (ECs) induces chemoresistance in multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). In this study, we demonstrated that factors secreted in response to crosstalk between ECs and lung cancer cells play pivotal roles in the development of chemoresistance in lung cancer spheroids. We subsequently determined that the expression of hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 (HYOU1) in lung cancer spheroids was increased by factors secreted in response to crosstalk between ECs and lung cancer cells. Direct interaction between lung cancer cells and ECs also caused an elevation in the expression of HYOU1 in MCTSs. Inhibition of HYOU1 expression not only suppressed stemness and malignancy, but also facilitated apoptosis and chemosensitivity in lung cancer MCTSs. Inhibition of HYOU1 expression also significantly increased the expression of interferon signaling components in lung cancer cells. Moreover, the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was involved in the HYOU1-induced aggression of lung cancer cells. Taken together, our results identify HYOU1, which is induced in response to crosstalk between ECs and lung cancer cells within the TME, as a potential therapeutic target for combating the aggressive behavior of cancer cells.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate thigh muscle-bone CSA and leg strength during low-intensity exercise program with leg blood flow restriction by external compression to reduce muscle outflow. Methods : Eighteen health students gave informed written consent to participate in this investigation. An occlusion cuff was attached to the proximal end of the leg so that blood flow was reduced during the training. The training was conducted one times a day, three times a week, for 8 weeks using one sets of 30 minutes. The training program performed to squat with standing, lunge with standing and heel raise with one leg standing. Measurements of thigh muscle-bone CSA(cross-sectional area) and leg strength were evaluated pre and post-training. Statistical evaluation of these data was accomplished utilizing a paired t-test by SPSS 12.0 program for windows. Significance level was set at p <.05. Results : All data are reported as means and standard deviations(SD) for all variables. The result of the study is followed; After the training, muscle-bone CSA, gluteus maximus m, quadriceps m, hamstring m of both legs were significantly improved but not calf muscle(p<.05). There was no significant difference of change quantity between muscle-bone CSA and leg strength in Lt. and Rt. side. But the variation in leg muscle strength of Rt. leg(dominant) was much more increased than Lt. leg(non-dominant) after 8 weeks training. Conclusion : Low-intensity training with leg blood flow restriction offers a potentially useful method for improving leg muscle strength.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.321-335
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neck traction and foot type on plantar pressure distribution during walking. Method: Total of 24 data were collected from women working with a computer for more than 6 hours every day. Three groups by foot type were divided: Pes Planus, normal foot, and Pes Cavus. Depending on the foot type and cervical traction, plantar pressure variables were measured; CA, MF, PP, and CT. Each variable was divided into 12 masks. MANOVA was performed for the difference of plantar pressure variables by foot type, and a paired t-test was performed for the cervical traction within groups. Results: The total CA decreased in the Pes Planus (p<.001) and Pes Cavus (p<.05) groups. MF increased in the big toe (p<.01) and 2nd toe (p<.05) of the normal foot, and MF-3rd metatarsal decreased (p<.01). The MF-2nd toe (p<.01) and 3rd toe (p<.05) of Pes Cavus decreased. The PP decreased in 2nd toe (p<.05), 3rd toe (p<.01), and 4th toe (p<.05) of the Pes Cavus. In normal foot, the PP-3rd metatarsal (p<.05) and PP-4th metatarsal (p<.01) reduced. In Pes Planus, PP decreased in the hindfoot (p<.05). In Pes Cavus group wearing a neck-tractor, the CT-hindfoot increased (p<.05). Conclusion: There was a significant change in the plantar pressure change by foot type after neck traction. When walking with a neck-tractor, the heel impact was alleviated in the Pes Planus, and the Pes Cavus showed the smooth and effective propulsion in the push-off. Overall, weight acceptance was effectively performed when walking with neck-traction. It was also found that the neck-tractor corrects the alignment of the neck, thereby creating a more stable gait pattern.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2022

The present study suggests a procedure of establishing a ship dynamics modeling by regression of free-running model test results. The hydrodynamic force and moment of the whole model ship is derived from the low-pass filtered acceleration in the turning circle and zigzag maneuver tests. Force and moment of the propeller and rudder are separated from that of the whole ship to acquire the hull force and moment terms, based on the principles of the component model. The low-pass filter frequency is verified in prior to dynamics modeling, to find the threshold frequency of 2.5 Hz. The dynamics modeling of the hull is compared with the component modeling by captive model tests. Because of strong correlation between sway velocity, yaw angular velocity, and heel angle, each maneuvering coefficient is not able to be validated, but the whole modeling shows good agreement with the captive model tests.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1920-1926
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• 2021

The electronic inclinometer can measure and print various output data related to the ship's heel, rolling cycle, and amplitude. The electronic inclinometer that can support ship stability judgment is equipped with a platform that supports stability for recovery performance, so it is possible to provide data even for small ships that lack ship stability judgment information. GM is an important factor in determining stability, and each type of ship has different GM scope. The purpose of this paper is to analyze GM according to the type of target ship and to review for a stable GM proposal. In addition, it is expected that GM data for each ship type will be embedded in the electronic inclinometer for ship that meets international standards, and will be used as data for securing and reviewing GM for strengthening ship safety

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2022

Purpose: Pes planus is a common foot deformity that involves the loss of the medial longitudinal arch. The medial longitudinal arch deformity is usually asymptomatic; however, it can lead to an increased risk of pain and injury. Low-Dye taping is designed to treat plantar heel pain and pes planus. However, low-Dye taping is relatively complex, and a considerable amount of time is required to apply the tape correctly. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of two different types of taping (low-Dye taping and modified Mulligan taping) on arch reformation, plantar pressure, and gait characteristics in participants with asymptomatic flexible pes planus. Methods: Twenty subjects (9 males and 11 females; mean age = 21.95 years) with asymptomatic flexible pes planus voluntarily participated in this study. Arch reformation was evaluated using navicular height measurements. Changes in plantar pressure distribution were measured using BioRecue equipment. Gait parameters were measured using spatiotemporal data collected during consecutive gait cycles using a G-WALK device. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the three different conditions (i.e., bare foot, low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping) for each variable. Results: Navicular height was significantly increased in subjects who underwent the two types of taping compared to those who experienced the bare foot condition. The plantar pressure was significantly shifted to the posterolateral area after modified Mulligan taping compared with the bare foot condition. There were no significant differences in the gait parameters. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that modified Mulligan taping has a similar effect to low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping is a simpler method than low-Dye taping.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.573-582
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• 2022

The geometry of the gravity-type anchorage changes depends on various factors such as the installation location, ground type, and relationship with the upper structure. In particular, the anchorage geometry embedded in the ground is an important design factor because it affects the pull-out resistance of the anchorage. This study examined the effect of four parameters, related to anchorage geometry and embedded ground conditions, on the pull-out resistance in the gravity-type anchorage through two-dimensional finite element analysis, and presented a guide for major design variables. The four parameters include the 1) flight length of the stepped anchorage (m), 2) flight height of the stepped anchorage (n), 3) the anchorage heel height (b), and 4) the thickness of the soil (e). It was found that as the values of m increased and the values of n decreased, the pull-out resistance of the gravity-type anchorage increased. This trend is related to the size of the contact surface between the anchorage and the rock, and it was confirmed that the value of n, which has the largest change rate of the contact surface between the anchorage and the rock, has the greatest effect on the pull-out resistance of the anchorage. Additionally, the most effective design was achieved when the ratio of the step to the bottom of the anchorage (m) was greater than 0.7, and m was found to be an important factor in the pull-out resistance behavior of the anchorage.