• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.286-293
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 ursolic acid의 위의 보호효과를 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 위장 질병에 대한 ursolic acid의 효과를 확인하기 위해서 급성, 만성위염은 각각의 HCl ethanol과 indomethacin에 의해 유도된 위염 동물 모델을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 대표적인 공격인자인 위산에 관해서는 PPI activity를 통해서 확인하였고, 위의 손상에 대한 보호인자에 관해서는, $PGE_2$를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 항균활성 실험은 만성위염, 위궤양, 위암에 원인인자로 잘 알려진 H. pylori로 실험하였다. AGS cell를 이용하여 DAPI 염색, Flow cytometry assay를 통하여 ursolic acid가 위암세포의 apoptosis에 관여하는지를 확인하였다. 그 결과 ursolic acid는 HCl ethanol과 indomethacin에 의해 유도된 급성, 만성에 대한 위손상을 억제하였다. Ursolic acid는 위산분비의 마지막 단계인 위염분비효소인 proton pump를 억제시킴으로써 산의 분비를 억제하였다. 그리고 ursolic acid는 위 점막의 보호인자인 $PGE_2$의 농도가 증가함으로써 위 점막 보호 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 ursolic acid는 공격인자인 H. pylori colonization을 억제하였다. DAPI를 이용한 핵 염색에서, 대조군과는 달리, 핵 형상의 변형과 함께 수축 된 세포 또는 염색질의 응축현상이 관찰되었다. Flow cytometry assay에서 ursolic acid에 의해 apoptosis가 증가하는 것을 확인 하였다. 이를 통하여 ursolic acid는 위 손상에 대한 방어 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.86-90
• /
• 2012

Ethanol fermentations were carried out using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) processes with monosaccharides from seaweed, Saccharina japonica (sea tangle, Dasima) as the biomass. The pretreatment was carried out by thermal acid hydrolysis with $H_2SO_4$ or HCl. Optimal pretreatment condition was determined at 10% (w/v) seaweed slurry with 37.5 mM $H_2SO_4$ at $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. To increase the yield of saccharfication, isolated marine bacteria Bacillus sp. JS-1 was used and 48 g/L of reducing sugar were produced. Ethanol fermentation was performed using SSF and SHF process with Pachysolen tannophilus KCTC 7937. The ethanol concentration was 6.5 g/L by SSF and 6.0 g/L by SHF.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.449-453
• /
• 2004

Effect of pre-treatment with hot water extract of marine brown alga Sargassum polycystum C.Ag. (100 mg/kg body wt, orally for period of 15 days) on HCI-ethanol (150 mM of HCI-etha-not mixture containing 0.15 N HCI in $70\%$ v/v ethanol given orally) induced gastric mucosal injury in rats was examined with respect to lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzyme status, acid/pepsin and glycoproteins in the gastric mucosa. The levels of lipid peroxides of gastric mucosa and volume, acidity of the gastric juice were increased with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and glycoproteins were observed in HCI-ethanol induced rats. The rats pre-treated with seaweed extract prior to HCI-ethanol induction reversed the depleted levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxides when compared with HCI-ethanol induced rats. The levels of glycoproteins and alterations in the gastric juice were also maintained at near normal levels in rats pre-treated with seaweed extract. The rats given seaweed extract alone did not show any toxicity, which was confirmed by histopathological studies. These results suggest that the seaweed extract contains some anti-ulcer agents, which may maintain the volume/acidity of gastric juice and improve the gastric mucosa antioxidant defense system against HCI-ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권9호
• /
• pp.1249-1256
• /
• 2016

백삼을 9회 증숙 및 건조 과정 후 제조한 흑삼의 항산화 효과급성위염 유발 모델에서 점막 보호 효과를 확인하기 위하여 증숙 횟수별 추출한 시료를 통해 실험을 진행하였다. 백삼과 흑삼의 증숙 횟수에 따른 추출물의 성분을 분석한 결과 백삼과 비교하여 흑삼 추출물에서 모두 유효성분의 양이 증가하는 것을 확인하였고, 특히 9회 반복 과정을 거친 BG군에서 가장 높은 성분 함량을 보였다. 또한, 항산화능을 확인하기 위하여 실시된 DPPH, ABTS free radical 소거 활성에서도 BG군의 억제율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 총페놀과 총플라보노이드의 함량도 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 백삼과 9번 증숙 과정을 거친 흑삼을 HCl/에탄올로 유도한 급성위염 마우스에 투여한 결과 BG군에서 위 점막의 손상은 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 또한 백삼과 비교하여 9회 증숙한 흑삼에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 혈액에서 측정한 활성산소종의 수치에서도 대조군과 비교하여 9회 증숙 흑삼에서 유의한 감소를 보였고, 백삼과 비교하여 뛰어난 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 산화적 스트레스의 증가로 발생한 사이토카인의 발현을 확인한 결과에서도 COX-2, TNF-${alpha}$와 IL-6의 경우 대조군보다 유의한 감소를 보였고, 백삼과 비교하여도 유의한 감소를 보였다. 그러므로 9회 증숙한 흑삼에서는 백삼과 비교하여 유효성분 함량의 증가가 발생하여 뛰어난 항산화력을 보이고, 이에 따라 염증성 사이토카인의 발현을 억제시키므로 9회 증숙한 흑삼은 항산화 효과에 따른 급성위염 유발모델에서 점막 보호 효과가 있다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.613-621
• /
• 2018

In this study, interface-assembled carbonyl reductase (IACR) was prepared and used in the synthesis of S-licarbazepine in a toluene/Tris-HCl biphasic system. The carbonyl reductase (CR) was conjugated with polystyrene to form a surfactant-like structure at the interface of the toluene/Tris-HCl biphasic system. The interface-assembled efficiency of IACR reached 83% when the CR (180 U/mg) and polystyrene concentration were $8{\times}10^2g/ml$ and $3.75{\times}10^3g/ml$, respectively. The conversion reached 95.6% and the enantiometric excess of S-licarbazepine was 98.6% when $3.97{\times}10^6nmol/l$ oxcarbazepine was converted by IACR using 6% ethanol as a co-substrate in toluene/Tris-HCl (12.5:10) at $30^{\circ}C$ and $43{\times}g$ for 6 h. IACR could be reused efficiently five times.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 2000

The protective effects of the ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves(PEF) against experimentally induced gastric mucosal damage and gastric ulcers were evaluated in ratss. In prophylatic study, 100 mg/kg ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves (PEFH) exhibited a total protection of 73.8% and 65.7% against HCl-ethanol and 0.2N NaOH-induced gastric mucosal membrane lesions, respectively, which was superior to cimetidine 50 mg/kg, a commonly used anti-ulcer drug. PEFH showed excellent anti-ulcer effects against pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcers, compared to the control group, however, 50 mg/kg ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves (PEFL) and PEFH did not affect ulcers induced by water immersion stress, and that is inferior to cimetidine 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, the results suggest that the ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves can be used both in prevention and treatment of experimentally induced gastric mucosal damage and ulcers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.524-528
• /
• 1995

The reaction of [IrCl(cod)]2 with ppol ligand, Ph2PCH2CH2CH2P(Ph)CH2CH2CH=CH2, in ethanol gives an iridium complex, whose structure is converted from an ionic form, [Ir(cod)(ppol)]Cl·2C2H5OH (1),in polar solvents (ethanol, methanol and acetonitrile), to a molecular form, [IrCl(cod)(ppol)], in non-polar solvents (benzene and toluene). The cationic complexes, [Ir(cod)(ppol)]AsF6·1/2C2H5OH and [Ir(cod)(ppol)]PF6·1/2CH3CN, were prepared to compare with the ionic form by 31P NMR spectroscopy. When carbon monoxide is introduced to 1, cod is replaced by CO to give the 5-coordinated complex, [IrCl(CO)(ppol)]. Hydrogenation of 1-octene was not successful in the presence of 1. In order to verify the reason for 1 not behaving as a good catalyst for hydrogenation, electrophilic reactions with HCl, I2 and HBF4·etherate were performed, which yielded the oxidative addition product, [IrHCl2(ppol)], the substitution product, [IrI(cod)(ppol)], and another cationic product, [Ir(cod)(ppol)]BF4, respectively. Thus, the iridium complex is not sufficiently basic to activate hydrogen atoms or the olefin of the ppol ligand.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.242-250
• /
• 2021

Artemisia frigida Willd (AW, Fringed sagewort), which is widespread in Mongolia, is a well-known medicinal plant as a member of the Compositae family. This study aims to explore the gastroprotective effect of water extract of AW on 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced acute gastritis in 5 week old male ICR mice. Total polyphenols, total flavonoid contents, and anti-oxidant activity in vitro in AW were evaluated. First, the gross area of gastric mucosal damage was measured. Then western blot analysis was conducted to determine the possible mechanisms of action underlying the effects of AW. AW administration decreased gastric mucosal damage. Moreover, the group with AW treatment effectively inhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression associated with oxidative stress. AW treatment enhanced an anti-oxidant effect through the increase of anti-oxidant proteins. Besides, the increased expressions of inflammatory cytokines induced by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation are alleviated through AW treatment. Taken together, AW exerted a gastroprotective effect against gastric mucosal damage. These results indicate that AW could have the potential used as a natural therapeutic drug for the treatment of acute gastritis.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Flaxseed oil and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos 50% ethanol extract in an HCl/ethanol induced acute gastritis model. Methods : ICR mice were divided into 6 groups; normal mice (Nor), gastritic mice with distilled water (Veh), gastritic mice with 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC), gastritic mice with 16 g/㎏ Flaxseed oil (FO), gastritic mice with FO + 50 mg/kg Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (FCL), and gastritic mice with FO + 100 mg/kg Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (FCH). Then, mice were orally administered with 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol and caused acute gastritis. After 1 hr, mice were sacrificed, and blood and stomach tissue were collected. Results : Administration of FCL and FCH to mice prior to the induction of gastritis was found to reduce gastric injury. reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy nitrite ($ONOO^-$) levels of stomach tissues were significantly decreased in FO, FCL, and FCH compared to Veh group. As results of stomach protein analyses, FCL and FCH effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) in gastric lesion mice. In addition, nuclear factor kappa B p65 ($NF-{\kappa}B$ p65) and phosphorylation inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa $B{\alpha}(p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha})$ were down-regulated in FCL and FCH administrated gastric lesion mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that FCL and FCH has an inhibitory effect against gastric injury. Therefore, FCL and FCH has the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.362-370
• /
• 1999

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents(wax, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, etc.) and has been used in traditional medicines as early as 300 B.C. It was been demonstrated that ethanol, acetylsalicylic acid, ischemia reperfusion, non-steroidal antiin-flammatory drugs and stress induce gastric lesions by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites. Therefore, some drugs that are capable of scavenging or inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen radicals might be expected to prevent the gastric mucosal injury. The aim of this study was 1) to examine the antiulcer effect of propolis, 2) to investigate the mechanism of action by determining gastric acid secretion, lipid per-oxidation, mucus content and proton pump ($H^+$/$K^+$-ATPase) activity on gastric mucus in varios experimental models, and finally, 3) to isolate and identify the pure compounds that exert antiulcer activity. Step 2-1 and 2-3 sub-sub fraction shoed a significant reduction of severity of gastirc damage at the dose of 25 mg/kg in various experimental models. We isolated 4 sub-sub-sub fractions by flash column chromatography of Step 2-1 sub-sub fraction and one sub-sub-sub fraction by recrystalization of Step 2-3 sub-sub fraction. The protective effects of propolis sub-sub-sub fraction manifested sifnificant effects in HCl-ethanol induced gastric erosion model and aspirin induced gastric ulcer model. These results showed that the gastric mucosal protective effect of propolis might result from the increase of mucus secretion, free radical scavenging effect as well as the reduction of acid secretion in accordance with the reduction of $H^+$/$K^+$-ATPase activitv. Three compounds were isolated and identified from sub-sub fraction of propolis which showed antiulcer effects. Subsequently, these compounds were identified as a flavonoid, namely, 2-acetoxy-5,7,-dihydroxy-flavanone, galangin and chrysin.