• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

This study was undertaken to evaluate phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of Metallo-Beta-Lactamases (MBLs) among nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of the 50 P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens, 20 were evaluated for carbapenem resistance and screened for MBL by double-disk synergy test and combined-disk test. Nineteen strains (95%) were found to be MBL producers among the 20 P. aeruginosa. MBL positives were further confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). For the IMP and VIM types of MBLs, PCR analysis was performed on 19 of the 20, and 10 were positive for VIM MBL type. This study reports the validation of a simple and accurate MBL detection method that can be easily incorporated into the daily routine of a clinical laboratory. Early detection of MBL-carrying organisms, including those with susceptibility to carbapenems, is of paramount clinical importance, as it allows rapid initiation of strict infection control practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infection.Key Words : Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Anti-HAV, Hospital workers, Prevalence, Vaccination

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.232-239
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• 1997

목 적 : 최근 20년간 경제적인 발전으로 생활 환경과 위생 상태가 향상되면서 소아에서 A형 간염 바이러스 감염이 급격히 감소하였다. 이러한 항체 보유율의 감소 추세는 청장년층의 현증 A형 간염의 위험성을 시사하며, 성인에서 고위험군의 예방접종과 함께 소아 예방접종의 필요성이 대두되었다. 본 연구는 소아 및 청소년을 대상으로 A형 간염 항체 보유율과 자연 감염률을 조사하여 이 연령층에서 A형 간염 바이러스 감염 실태 및 예방에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 시행하였다. 방 법 : 경기도에 거주하는 20세 미만의 소아 및 청소년 334명을 대상으로 A형 간염 항체를 검사하여 연령별 항체 보유율을 조사하였으며, 경기도 소재 4개군(양평, 김포, 파주, 화성)과 4 개시(구리, 수원, 부천, 의정부) 초등학교 학생 584명을 대상으로 1993 년에 수집한 혈청과 1996년에 수집한 동일인의 혈청을 가지고 A형 간염 항체의 자연 양전률을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1) 경기도에 거주하는 20세 미만 334명의 검사 대상자 중 A형 간염 항체 양성은 5.4%였다. 연령별 항체 보유율은 1 세 미만이 27.3%(3/11), 1~4세가 0.0%(0/81), 5~9세가 0.0%(0/57), 10~14세가 2.9%(3/105), 15~19세가 15.0%(12/80)로 조사되었다. 2) 경기도 소재 8개 초등학생 584명을 대상으로 A형 간염 항체의 추적 검사를 시행하였다. 1993년에 1명(0.2%)이 양성이었고 1996년에는 다른 3명(0.5%)이 양성으로 나타나, A형 간염 자연 항체 양전률은 0.5%(3/583)였다. 자연 항체 소실률은 0.2%(1/584)로 조사되었다. 3) 본 연구의 A형 간염 항체 보유율을 1979년과 1989년 조사와 비교하였다. 20세 미만에서 A형 간염 항체 보유율은 1979년에 63.8%, 1989년에 47.3%였으나 1996년에는 5.4%로 감소하였다. 결 론 : 소아에서 A형 간염 항체의 자연 획득이 거의 일어나지 않는 상황에서는 성인의 현성 감염이 증가할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 우선적으로 A 형 간염의 위험성이 높은 지역으로의 여행이나 기타 고위험군을 대상으로 예방접종을 시행할 필요성이 있으며 성인에서의 HAV 감염 기회를 줄이기 위한 방법으로 소아에서의 선별 예방접종도 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권6호
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• pp.82-91
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• 1996

In this paper, an image coding technique using fractal interpolation is proposed. Similar to the conventional methods, an image is partitioned into blocks and each block is coded independently. However, an interpolation point is ahsared by its neighboring blocks. This means that each block can use all its interpolation points with minimal increase of new data. For a simple implementation, triangular blocks are used instead of square blocks and new coefficients are difined. Data obtained in the encoding process hav estatistical characteristics suitable sfor entropy coding, an dthus arithmetic coding is perfomred for improving the compression efficiency. The results of the proposed coder in comparison with those of a conventional coder show that the interpolation method reduces block effect caused by a memoryless block coder, especially at low bit rates. This improvement is due to sharing of information between adjacent blocks. Moreover, th enumber of iteration required in ecoding process is reduced since more information is used to decode each block.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제34S권5호
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• pp.94-103
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• 1997

It is necesary that analog buffer circuit should drive an external load in the VLSI design such as switched capacitor efilter (SCF), D/A converter, A/d converter, telecommunicatin circuit, etc. The conventional CMOS buffer circuit have many probvlems according as CMOS technique. Firstly, Capacity of large load ar enot able to opeate well. The problem can be solve to use class AB stages. But large load are operated a difficult, because an element of existing CMOS has a quadratic functional relation with inptu and outut voltage versus output current. Secondly, whole circuit of dynamic rang edecrease, because a range of inpt and output voltages go down according as increasing of intergration rate drop supply voltage. In this paper suggests that new differential CMOS line driver make out of operating an external of large load. In telecommunication's chip case transmission line could be a load. It is necessary that a load operate line driver. The proposal circuit is planned to hav ea high generation power rnage of voltage with preservin linearity. And circuit of capability is inspected through simulation program (HSPICE).

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권7호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1996

The probability distributio function (pdf) of transmitted symbols should be asymmectric for recovering the received data in the 3rd order blind equalizer system. In this paper, we hav edesigned the blind equalizer using symmetric-asymmetric (SA) and asymmetric-symmetric (AS) transforms for less computational complexities and robustness in the noisy environments. The method of SA and AS transform was peformed using natural logarithmic operation. This paper proves that the proposed in this paper can be performed as real time operation. This paper proves that the compression factor k has no effet on transmitted symbols. Also 3rd order equalization method proposed in this paper can be performed as real time operation. As a result of computer simulatio, the computational complexity of proposed algorithm is reduced to be an half of 4th order method and MSE is enhanced as 10dB at the case of 4-PAM and 15dB at the case of 8-PAM respectivley. Conclusively, we have found that 3rd order blind equalizer can be implemented when the pdf of transmitter is asymmetric.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권7호
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• pp.76-91
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• 1996

In this paper, we proposed the new medium access control protocol for the virtual token bus netowrk. The network is applied to inter-processor communication network of large capacity digital switching system and digital mobile system with distributed control architecture. in the virtual token bus netowrk, the existing medium access control protocols hav ea switchove rtime overhead when traffic load is light or asymmetric according ot arbitration address of node that has message to send. The proposed protocol optimized average message delay using cyclic bus access chain to exclude switchover time of node that do not have message to send. Therefore it enhanced bus tuilization and average message delay that degrades the performance of real time communication netowrks. It showed that the proposed protocol is more enhacned than virtual token medium access control protocol and virtual token medium access control protocol iwth reservation through performance analysis.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제34D권2호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1997

The dielectric effects on the parasitics of bondwires buried in slightly-lossy dielectric materials hav been investigated over a wide frequency range using the method of moments with incorporation of ohmic and dielectric losses. The FR-4 composite is widely used as a basis material for PCB and plastic packages, because of it sinherent electricl and chemical stbility and low cost. The cole-cole model, which is representative complex permittivity model of epoxy polymers, has been applied to consider the dielectric effects in the MoM calculation. The prasitic impedance of a grounded bondwire in FR-4 composite is greatly increased due to the dielectric loading effect enhanced by the radiation at high frequencies. These calculation results will be helpful for designing and packaging of high-frequency low-cost IC's.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2014년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.329-330
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• 2014

The continuous development of information technology had led people into the era of new media. New technologies, in its rapid development, have also produced impacts on traditional visual communication design. As an integral element in traditional visual communication design, Chinese characters have no longer confined to traditional paper media but turned to dynamic video space. In light of the changing globalization tendency, dynamic Chinese characters are producing increasing influences in motion graphics. It is an inevitable trend in character typography design that visual communication will make a breakthrough in the traditional expression boundary. This paper analyzes the influence of dynamic Chinese characters upon motion graphics in view of typography and style, and puts forward with the typography design that can conform to the development of the time, spread information and express emotions in a better way.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2014년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.325-326
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• 2014

With a history of over 100 years, animation is an art of film and television, and a diversified special form of art as well. Animation scene design is not just about scenic painting but also a time-space formative art that serves for film and television animation, presents story plots, unveils dramatic conflicts and depicts character personalities. Scene design requires both high creativity and artistry. Scene design shall cover the living places, social environment, natural environment and historical environment where the characters live. The use of color is an important part in animation creation. In terms of scene design, it plays a significant role in building up the scene atmosphere, promote the plot and enriching screen contents. Focused on Uproar in Heaven-a classic Chinese animation, this paper analyzes the traditional characteristics of Chinese animation scene color and discusses the application and development of color.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1996

In this paper we propose a new timing recovery method by means of utilizing service data filling rate instead of timing information of transmitter. A proposed algorithm controls the phase locked loop in the opposite direction ot data filling rate of FIFO in receiver, and it is based on the fact that average of cell jitters is zero. The proposed method is simple compared with timing information method of transmitter. It can be utilized for timing recovery in synchronous digital hierarchy as well as in plesiochronous digial hierarchy without common reference clocks in end-to-end erminals. We implement the interactive video communication system and test the proposed algorithm. As a result, we hav econfirmed that it yields good perfomrnces in terms of jitters characteristics and hardware complexity.