• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2006

Objectives : Human chondrocytes co-treated with Buthus martensi Karsch herbal acupuncture solution(BMK-HAS) extract produced significantly less NO compared with chondrocytes stimulated with $IL-1{\beta}$ alone Methods : Activation and translocation of and NF-kB DNA binding activity were determined by Western blotting and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The inhibition of NO production correlated with the suppression of induction and expression of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and activation protein-1 (AP-1)-dependent gene. BMK-HAS inhibited the activation and translocation of NF-kB to the nucleus, indicating that BMK-HAS inhibits the $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ production of NO in human chondrocytes by interfering with the activation of NF-kB through a novel mechanism. In addition, BMK-HAS reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)production in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, whereas no influence on the activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) or cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) was observed. My data, therefore, suggest that BMK-HAS may be a therapeutically effective inhibitor of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ inflammatory effects that are dependent on NF-kB activation in human OA chondrocytes. Conclusion : The results indicate that BMK-HAS exerts anti-inflammatory effects related to the inhibition of neutrophil functions and of NO and PGE2 production, which could be due to a decreased expression of iNOS and COX-2 through the transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 1996

Satellite Technology Research Center(SaTReC) of Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST) has started a collaborative research, development, and training program in the field of space technology. As the result of that, SaTReC has successfully developed and operated the KISTAT-1, which is the first Korean satellite system. From the experience gained. SaTReC has developed the KITSAT-2 with its own technology and man-power and acquired the capability to design and to manufacture small satellite systems. In this paper, an overview of KITSAT-1/2 microsatellite systems and operational results are introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 2015

This study investigates the durability of a two-passenger bicycle frame under non-uniform fatigue load. The bicycle frame of Model 1 installed with reinforcement support has a 20% lower maximum equivalent stress than the existing Model 2. Model 1 has a maximum total deformation that is less than half that of Model 2. Model 1 has a higher maximum fatigue life than Model 2. In addition, Model 1 has lower fatigue damage than Model 2. Thus, the bicycle frame of Model 1 installed with reinforcement support can be described as safer, as it offers more strength than Model 2. Applying this result to the design of a real two-passenger bicycle frame under non-uniform fatigue load can effectively prevent fatigue damage and improve durability.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1328-1333
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• 2004

The Flame length of $CH_4$ with the Oxidizer of air and $O_2$ has been measured respectively for the nozzle diameter of 1.6mm, 2.7mm, 4.4mm and 7.7mm. In all $CH_4$ flame on oxidizer of air and $O_2$. the flame length was independent of the initial jet diameter, dependent only on the flowrate in laminar flame regime, and in turbulent flame dependent on the initial jet diameter. Using correlation equation of Delichatsios, the flame length has been expected exactly for $CH_4/air$ flame, but has been underestimated for $CH_4/O_2$ flame. This paper has proposed correlation equation of $CH_4/O_2$ flame.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of high amylose starch (HAS) consumption on gut functions in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were fed an diet containing HAS for 4 weeks (0, 125, 250, 500 g/kg diet). Stool weights, transit time, the pH of cecum, Bifidobacterium growth, short chain fatty acid production, and prostaglandin E$_2$production in colon mucus were measured. HAS intake did not affect body weight gain or food efficiency ratio during experimental period. There were no significant differences in kidney weight, epididymal fat pad weights or spleen weights, but the weights of the liver and thymus were significantly lower in the HAS100 group. The length of the large intestine, the weights of the cecum wall and cecum contents, and stool weights significantly increased through HAS intake. But transit time was not affected by the experimental diet. Although Bifidobacterium growth in the cecum increased through the HAS intake dose dependently, there were significant differences in the HAS50 and HAS100 groups. HAS intake increased the production of short chain fatty acid in the cecum contents. In particular, acetate and butyrate concentrations grew significantly. And the production of prostaglandin E$_2$in the colon mucus significantly decreased through HAS intake. These results demonstrate that high amylose starch intake significantly improves gut function.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 1998

Laser beam welding of zinc-coated steel, especially lap joints, has a problem of zinc vapor produced during welding which has a low vaporization temperature of 906.deg. C. It is lower than the melting temperature of steel (1500.deg. C). The high pressure formed by vaporization of zinc during laser welding splatters the molten pool and creates porosities in weld. During laser lap welds of zinc-coated steel sheets with CW CO$_{2}$ laser the gap size has been analyzed and simulated using a FEM. The simulation has been carried out in the range of gap aetween 0 and 0.16 mm. The vaporized zinc gas has effected to prevent heat from conducting toward the bottom of sheets. In vaporized zinc gas has effected to prevent heat from conducting toward the bottom of sheets. In the case of too small gap size, zinc gas has not ejected and existed between two sheets. Therefore heat was difficult to conduct from the upper sheet to lower sheet and the upper sheet could over-melted. In the case of large gap size the zinc gas has been prefectly ejected but only a part of lower sheet has melted. The optimum range of gap size in the lap welds of zinc-coated steel sheets has been calculated to be between 0.08 and 0.12 mm. According to the comparison of experiment, the simulation is proved to be acceptable and applicable to laser lap welds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.477-482
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• 2005

Recently, client computing trend has been changed from server oriented information application to network based P2P(Peer to Peer) services. The conventional client/server method has the merit of accessing abundant information, on the other side P2P has the merit of synchronized community support and information exchange. P2P has four meaning of point to point, peer to peer, person to person and path to profitability. In manufacturing system field, the second meaning is interested. P2P is classified to three type such as conventional client/server, hybrid P2P and pure P2P. The third is really peer to peer concept. The related technologies with P2P are P2P searching, XML, cooperation, IPv6, computing sharing and P2P communication. This paper describes the scheme of P2P and related contents. And through the P2P based technology, a P2P-based collaborative machine and a vertical portal machine are introduced in this paper. The scheme of the machines mentioned above is suggested for cooperation in manufacturing system and u-Manufacturing.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2015

Two newly recorded opheliid polychaetes, Armandia amakusaensis Saito, Tamaki and Imajima, 2000 and Polyophthalmus qingdaoensis Purschke, Ding and $M{\ddot{u}}ller$, 1995, from Korean waters are reported with the descriptions and illustrations. Armandia amakusaensis can be clearly distinguished from its congeners by the following characteristics: the prostomium has 2 or 3 subdermal eyespots; total number of setigers are 29; the branchiae are present on the setigers from the setiger 2 to the second or third from the last setiger; the lateral eyespots beginning from the setiger 7 are composed of 11 pairs; the anal funnel has 8~11 papillae and a long cirrus. Polyophthalmus qingdaoensis has the distinguishable characteristics from its relatives as follows: the prostomium has a brain bearing dark pigment-spots; the lateral eyespots are distinct; the body has only dark pigment-streaks on dorsal side. We also provide the keys for distinguishing the species of the genera Armandia and Polyophthalmus from Korean waters.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.613-618
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• 2011

More than 7 million persons use Seoul Metropolitan Subways (SMS) everyday and the number has been in increasing trend. With the increasing trend of concerns on indoor air quality(IAQ), the management of IAQ has become an important issue, especially in case of subway operators, because most of subway lines are placed underground with poor ventilation condition. The ultimate object of study develop independent cleaning device that reduce efficient fine particle and $CO_2$. Urban subway has characteristics about proper clean air flow, must be installed in narrow space and maintenance cycle has enough time. Two layered electrically pre-charged filters were used for removing particulate matters and gas absorbers are packed between two layer filters for removing gases pollutants such $CO_2$, VOCs and HCHO. Urban subway has characteristics about proper clean air flow, must be installed in narrow space and maintenance cycle has enough time. SCAP prototype is producted as all in one method which decrease fine dust, $CO_2$ and noxious gas. and basic test carry out with quantity of wind, a gap of pressure, sampling efficiency.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2011

A two-dimensional (2D) analytical model for the potential distribution and threshold voltage of short-channel ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs operating in the sub-threshold regime has been presented. A double-integrable Gaussian-like function has been assumed as the doping distribution profile in the vertical direction of the channel. The Schottky gate has been assumed to be semi-transparent through which optical radiation is coupled into the device. The 2D potential distribution in the channel of the short-channel device has been obtained by solving the 2D Poisson's equation by using suitable boundary conditions. The effects of excess carrier generation due to the incident optical radiation in channel region have been included in the Poisson's equation to study the optical effects on the device. The potential function has been utilized to model the threshold voltage of the device under dark and illuminated conditions. The proposed model has been verified by comparing the theoretically predicted results with simulated data obtained by using the commercially available $ATLAS^{TM}$ 2D device simulator.