• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 2019

In order to achieve the results that are appropriate for the purpose of the enterprise, it is important to comprehensively understand the behaviors within the roles of the members of the organization and actions outside the roles. However, there have been relatively few studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) among the existing studies that have been conducted to date. In particular, organizational citizenship behavior, a voluntary commitment by organizational members, is perceived as a very effective way of enhancing corporate performance, but studies on organizational citizenship behavior based on corporate social responsibility have rarely been conducted. In recent years, domestic companies have recognized social responsibility as an activity rather than an additional activity. Therefore, it is very meaningful to look at the organizational performance by examining the factors that make up this social responsibility from the perspective of the company. It is considered a task. In order to demonstrate this, this study collected 303 data from a business incubator center operated by universities and public institutions nationwide and used a total of 303 samples. As a result of the verification, the wages received by the members of the organization did not affect the organizational commitment, and the working hours and the working environment affected the organizational commitment. In addition, corporate social responsibility has an effect on organizational trust in the marketing side. Organizational commitment and organizational trust were studied to positively affect organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, this study divides the degree of perception of social responsibility of the organizational members into the high recognition group and the low recognition group and analyzed whether there is a difference in the level of organizational citizenship behavior according to the employment type (regular and irregular workers) The results of this study are as follows.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.486-498
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the leaf growth and flowering characteristics of 85 Hosta cultivars. The 85 cultivars were grown in a pot in Useful Plant Resources Center in Yangpyeong, Korea. H. 'Abiqua Blue Crinkles', H. 'Abiqua Drinking Gourd', H. 'Dancing in the Rain', H. 'Elegance', H. 'Inniswood', and H. 'Venus' were classified as a large size group (> 50 cm), while 27 cultivars including H. 'Abby', H. 'Birchwood Parky's Gold', H. 'Blue Cadet', and H. 'Blue Edge' were classified as a small size group (< 20 cm). The others were classified as a medium size groups. 79% of Hosta cultivars had leaf variegation. Leaf variegation type was divided into 5 types (standard, marginata, mediovarigata, albomaculata, striata). Among them 31 cultivars including H. 'Abby', H. 'Abiqua Moonbeam', and H. 'Atlantis' has a variegation type of marginata in the leaf. 36 cultivars including H. 'Abby', H. 'Abiqua Drinking Gourd', and H.'Abiqua Moonbeam' bloomed in late May and 9 cultivars including H. 'Black Hills', H. 'Boeun', and H. 'Fragrant Bouquet' started to flower on late August. Most flowers were below 3.0 cm in length, while H. 'Avocado' was longest on 10.0 cm. Most flowers have a lavender color group (63.5%), and 14 cultivars of Hosta showed white color group (16.5%). 12 cultivars including H. 'Blue Mouse Ears', H. 'Captain Kirk', and H. 'Fragrant Bouquet' had the fragrance in their flowers. H. 'Cherry Berry' and H. 'Revolution' had a colorful stalk, red and yellow, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.278-286
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• 2019

Sesbania, an annual herb, is known for its high forage value and salt tolerance. It has merits as a forage crop that is adaptable to reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, we collected Sesbania genetic resources from the Republic of Korea and other countries, and conducted experiments to evaluate their potential as a forage crop in Korean climate and soil conditions. In the preliminary experiments, 15 genetic resources which were able to set seeds in Korean environment were selected out of a total of 46 collected genetic resources. Among 15 genetic resources, SL13 was the tallest and it was followed by that of SC04, SR01 and SE07. The accessions with the earliest flowering started flowering 101 days after sowing and set seed in early August. Fifteen accessions were evaluated for their salt tolerance at germination stage based on germination rate and growth of germinated seedlings at 0 mM, 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentrations. Five genetic resources like SC04, SL13, SS20, SS24 and SR01 were selected to be tolerant to NaCl treatment. Forage value was evaluated based on crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The forage value of leaves was significantly higher than that of stems, and the forage value of the stem was slightly better than that of rice straw. The forage value of leaves of all the genetic resources was higher than grade 1 by the American Forage and Grassland Council grade. Among five selected genetic resources, the relative feed value of SC04 was the highest and it was followed by that of SS20, SL13, SS24 and SR01.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2020

Whereas the control of the hydration heat in mass concrete has been important as the concrete structures enlarge, many conventional strategies show some limitations in their effectiveness and practicality. Therefore, In this study, as a solution of controling the heat of hydration of mass concrete, a method to reduce the heat of hydration by controlling the hardening of cement was examined. The reduction of the hydration heat by the developed Phosphate Inorganic Salt was basically verified in the insulated boxes filled with binder paste or concrete mixture. That is, the effects of the Phosphate Inorganic Salt on the hydration heat, flow or slump, and compressive strength were analyzed in binary and ternary blended cement which is generally used for low heat. As a result, the internal maximum temperature rise induced by the hydration heat was decreased by 9.5~10.6% and 10.1~11.7% for binder paste and concrete mixed with the Phosphate Inorganic Salt, respectively. Besides, the delay of the time corresponding to the peak temperature was apparently observed, which is beneficial to the emission of the internal hydration heat in real structures. The Phosphate Inorganic Salt that was developed and verified by a series of the aforementioned experiments showed better performance than the existing ones in terms of the control of the hydration heat and other performance. It can be used for the purpose of hydration heat of mass concrete in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.14-26
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic listening on task performance, auditory behavior problems, and attention in children with sensory modulation disorder. Methods : Sixteen children aged four to seven years who were classified as children with sensory modulation disorder were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 8) or the control group (n = 8). From July 1 to October 18, 2017, both groups participated in sensory integration programs, while therapeutic listening training was administered only to the experimental group. Sensory integration therapy was conducted in two sessions per week for six weeks (12 sessions); each session consisted of 40 minutes of therapy and 10 minutes of parent education. Therapeutic listening was conducted in three thirty-minute sessions per week for six weeks (18 sessions). We used the Canadian Occupation Performance Measure (COPM) to evaluate changes in the participants' occupational performance between pre- and post-intervention. We used Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist (FAPC) to observe changes in behavioral problems related to hearing. The Child Attention Scale for Teacher (CAST) was used to evaluate changes in attention. Results : No significant differences pre- and post-intervention between the two groups were observed. The participants' auditory behavioral problems improved significantly in the experimental group, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. There was no significant difference in attention between the two groups, but there was a significant difference between the two groups in the "adaptability" and "emotion" domains (p < .05). Conclusion : The results suggest that therapeutic listening training has a positive effect on reducing problematic behaviors related to hearing and improving the occupational performance of children with sensory modulation disorder. This study provides a basis for improving the sensory processing ability of children with sensory modulation disorder by applying listening training in the clinical field and at home.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.96
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• pp.224-238
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• 2019

In commemoration of the 1,100th anniversary of the foundation of the Goryeo Dynasty, the National Museum of Korea and the National Institute of Korean History are working together on a project to reveal memorial inscriptions(墓誌銘) in the Goryeo Dynasty. So far, It founded that four newly identified memorial inscriptions of Goryeo Dynasty. Among them, I would like to introduce two memorial inscriptions in overseas and a memory inscription that was first identified as being housed in the National Museum of Korea. Kim Yong Sik's memorial inscription is currently housed at the Smithsonian Museum's FreerSackler Gallery in the U.S.A.. Kim Yong Sik(金龍軾, 1129~1197) is a bureaucrat in the middle time of Goryeo Dynasty. He came from a family of influential people in the Andong province. In Goryeo times, provincial figures have been able to make inroads into central politics through the bureaucratic select examination(科擧). Kim's family came from the capital of Goryeo in that way. However, Kim did not rise very high. This inscription is meaningful in that it shows this ordinary middle class's life to study Goryeo history further. Sangdanghyeongoon(上黨縣君) Gwak Ssi's memorial inscription is currently housed at the Kyoto university museum in the Japan. Sangdanghyeongoon Gwak Ssi(郭氏(Mrs. Gwak), ?~1149?) is a bureaucrat class woman in the middle time of Goryeo Dynasty. There is not much information about her. But the method of marking the location of the her tomb is unique. Her tomb is located at the northern foot of the temple, Baekhaksa(白鶴寺, White Crane's temple). That marking method is sometimes confirmed in Goryeo period's historical text. This inscription is significant in that it shows practical example of that methods. Min Su's memorial inscription is missing after Japanese occupation time, but confirmed that currently housed in the National Museum of Korea. Min Su(閔脩, 1067~1122) is a bureaucrat in the middle time of Goryeo Dynasty. Although his track record is partly recorded in Goryeosa(高麗史, Historia of Goryeo Dynasty), the discovery of this inscription has made new research possible. I hope that more and more memory inscription of Goryeo will emerge from somewhere and contribute greatly to the study of Goryeo history.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2011

Whereas recent researches have elucidated the positive ecological roles of large wood (LW) in fishbearing channels, LW is also recognized as a negative factor of log-laden debris flows and floods in densely populated areas. However in Republic of Korea, no study has investigated longitudinal variations of LW distribution and dynamic along the stream corridor. Hence to elucidate 1) physical factors controlling longitudinal distribution of LW and 2) their effect on variation in LW load amount, we surveyed the amount of LW with respect to channel morphology in a mountain stream, originated from Mt. Ki-ryong in Inje, Gangwondo. Model selection in the Generalized Linear Model procedure revealed that number of boulder (greater than or equal to 1.0 m in diameter), bankfull channel width and their interaction were the best predictors explaining LW load volume per unit channel segment area (unit LW load). In general, boulders scattered within small mountain streams influence LW retention as flow obstructions. However, in this study, we found that the effect of the boulders vary with the channel width; that is, whereas the unit LW load in the segment with narrow channel width increased continuously with increasing boulder number, it in the segment with wide channel width did not depend on the boulder number. This should be because that, in two channels having different widths, the rates of channel widths reduced by boulders are different although boulder numbers are same. Our findings on LW load varying with physical factors (i.e., interaction of boulder number and channel width) along the stream corridor suggest understanding for longitudinal continuum of hydrogeomorphic and ecologic characteristics in stream environments, and these should be carefully applied into the erosion control works for systematic watershed management and subsequent disaster prevention.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 2017

Expending on a life course perspective, this study explores the long-term and short-term reciprocity in parent-child relationships in Korean context. Since the reasons for providing filial support are believed to differ by gender, we focused on how a child's gender affects both types of reciprocity. Data were collected from middle-aged sons (N=726) and daughters (N=883) with at least one surviving parent. Logistic regression was then conducted in order to examine the relations between the support a child currently provides to parents and the current or previous support received from the parents. Dependent variables are financial and instrumental support that middle-aged child currently provide to the parents. The financial and instrumental support a child received from the parents within a year are included in the model as an independent variable to assess short-term reciprocity. The level of financial support a child has received during the transition to adulthood process is included in the model as a independent variable to explore long-term reciprocity. Result supports the existence of gender differences in the long-term reciprocity. Daughters provided instrumental support in response to the financial support that they had received from parents during the transition to adulthood process. However, for sons, this tendency was not found. When it comes to financial support, long-term reciprocity was observed neither for the sons nor for the daughters. Both sons and daughters are prone to provide financial support to the aged parents regardless of the level of financial support they had received during the transition to adulthood process. Short-term reciprocity was found both in sons and daughters. when they have been receiving a financial or an instrumental support from the aged parents within a year, they tend to provided instrumental support to the parents. This study shows that the aged parents still fulfill the reciprocal relationship to a certain degree. Secondly, we can conclude that the norm of reciprocity interplays with the norm of filial responsibility in contemporary Korea.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-193
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• 2013

This paper examines how a social investment approach can be applied in a comparative analysis of childcare arrangements. We compared changes in Sweden, France, Germany, the UK, Japan and Korea during the 2000s, focusing on four dimensions of social investment: activation, gender equality, quality of care, and the degree of state's intervention in the family. We considered leave systems and the number of children enrolled in formal care and education facilities as indicators for labour market activation. For gender equality, women's position in employment is considered with respect to labour market participation rates, proportion of permanent employment, and wage-sex ratio. Quality of care concerns child-to-staff ratio and care provided with government quality control. The state's intervention was measured as social spending on families as proportions of GDP and total social spending. Our analysis provides empirical evidence that Sweden and France are pioneers in this arena and that the UK, Germany, Korea, and Japan are path-shifters in their care paradigms, albeit to varying degrees. Is the social investment approach an adequate paradigm for care? In a normative sense, this approach has potential. However, the following issues remain unaddressed: gender equality should be achieved through an expansion in good-quality jobs, fathers should be encouraged to take on childcare duties, and families should have universal access to good-quality childcare services controlled by the government.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.77-115
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to present empirical evidence for discussion of financing social welfare via estimating optimal tax burden in the main member countries of the OECD by using Hausman-Taylor method considering endogeneity of explanatory variables. Also, the author produced an international tax comparison index reflecting theoretical hypotheses on revenue-expenditure nexus within a model to compare real tax burden by countries and to examine feasibility of tax increase in Korea. As a result of the analysis, the higher the level of tax burden was, the higher the level of welfare expenditure was, indicating the connection between high burden and high welfare from the aspect of scale. The results also indicated that the subject countries recently entered into the state of low tax burden. Meanwhile, Korea had maintained low burden until the late 1990s but the tax burden soared up since the financial crisis related to the IMF. However, due to the impact of foreign economy and the tax reduction policy, it reentered into the low-burden state after 2009. On the other hand, the degree of social welfare expenditure's reducing tax burden has been gradually enhanced since the crisis. In this context, the current optimal tax burden ratio of Korea as of 2010 may be 25.8%~26.5% of GDP based on input of welfare expenditure variables, a percent that Korea was investigated to be a 'high tax burden-low ITC' country whose tax increase of 0.7~1.4%p may be feasible and that the success of tax system reform for tax increase might be higher probability when compare to others. However, measures of increasing social security contributions and consumption tax were analyzed to be improper from the aspect of managing finance when compared to increase in other tax items, considering the relatively higher ITC. Tax increase is not necessarily required though there may be room for tax increase; the optimal tax burden ratio can be understood as the level that may be achieved on average when compared to other nations, not as the "proper" level. Thus, discussion of tax increase should be accompanied with comprehensive understanding of models of economic developmental difference from nations and institutional & historical attributes included in specific tax mix.