• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the health risk of workers exposed to butyl glycidyl ether to prevent them from developing occupational diseases. Methods: The workplaces that coat floor with epoxy were selected and the samples were collected and analyzed with NIOSH 1616 Method. We calculate workplace reference concentration using with NOAEL estimated by the study of Anderson et al. in 1978. Risk was calculated by the ratio of exposure to workplace reference concentration. Monte-Carlo simulation was performed to derivate the median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value by using Crystal Ball. Results: Butyl glycidyl ether is a skin, eye irritator and can result in central nervous system depression, allergic reaction. NOAEL was 38 ppm and workplace reference concentration was calculated as 0.73 ppm corrected with uncertainty factors. Geometric mean was 1.152 ppm and geometric standard deviation was 1.522 by the workplace environment measurement. The median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value of risk were calculated as 1.617, 1.934, and 2.092, respectively. Conclusions: Not only cumulative 90% and cumulative 95% value but also the median of risk is higher than 1.0 by the risk characterization, so it can do a lot of harm to workers. Therefore, the process of derivating workplace reference concentration and the appropriacy of the uncertainty factors should be re-examined.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-40
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• 2012

National Health Insurance Act has been enforced all over the People as part of the effort to assure the minimum constitutional human worth and dignity in the aspect of the right to pursue health for preventing misfortune that comes to death without even a chance to be received treatment for illness or injury. Meanwhile auto insurance is compulsory in certain parts in order to promote benefits of everyday life and the rapid recovery of the damage caused by traffic accident when one have negligently driven a car which has become the necessities in daily life. Any injured driver in a traffic accident can be treated by National Health Insurance without getting an auto insurance in various circumstances, but Article 3 paragraph 2 of Traffic Accident Act don't allow exception of criminal punishment when he has driven a car without license, drunken, or tresspassing the centerline, etc. When the injury occured by his own certain negligence is judged to 'when he has intentionally or through gross negligence caused a criminal conduct or intentionally contributed to the occurrence of an accident' of National Health Insurance Act, insurance benefits can be restricted. Such a restriction could harm the right to pursue happiness and health of People by depriving the poor, who cannot afford to pay, of chances to get treatment. Here we will see benefit restriction by 'gross negligence' of National Health Insurance Act Article 48 paragraph 1, which has largest portion of such restriction. It is desirable to delete 'gross negligence' clause from above paragraph and to interpret 'when' clause restrictively for diminishing confusion of interpreting and guaranteeing the right of health.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-168
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• 2009

Generally, criminal law protect the human life after he/she has born. Before the birth, the life of fetus are protected by prohibition of abortion, not of murder. Also, the fetus is not considered as an object of infliction of injury. A popular opinion and case law say that the fetus becomes a person at the point of an outset labor pains. Recently, some theories allege that traditional opinions is not sufficient in the case of induced delivery, so it should be decided by norm, not by a simple fact, whether a unborn child is a fetus or a person, and that the fetus should be considered as an object of infliction of injury. These theories can be meaningful because these could protect human life more comprehensively. In the other side, however, these could harm the legal stability and bring the excessive punishment. Abortion of negligence is not punishable in criminal law, and there is little possibility of the fetus injury without the injury of the pregnant woman. And the Contergan Case, if it happened again, must be dealt with as crime about environment or public health more severely. These new approaches are in conflict with the principle of "nulla poena sine lege" and other fundamental rules of the criminal law, and should lead to the excessive punishment and criminal provisions. Accordingly, the decision of Supreme Court of Korea about the beginning point of human being should be maintained.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 2018

Suicide has been a public health issue in many countries, and Korea has ranked highest suicide rate among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over a decade. To address these issues, we updated the recent trends in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Korean adults followed by previous data observation. We used data from five sources: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES, '07-12, '13, '15-16), Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS, '08-09, '13), Korean Wealth Panel Study (KOWEPS, '12-16), Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, '10-13), and cause of death data from Statistics Korea ('07-16). We used weighted frequencies and trend tests. The rate of suicidal ideation as recent year was 5.10% (KNHANES, '15), 8.95% (KCHS, '13), 2.08% (KOWEPS, '16), and 5.39% (KHP, '13). That of suicide attempts as recent year was 0.59% (KNHANES, '16), 0.41% (KCHS, '13), and 0.08% (KOWEPS, '16). Annual percentage change of suicidal ideation was -2.80% (KNHANES, '07-12), 5.78% (KNHANES, '13-15), 0.62% (KCHS, '08-13), -8.50% (KOWEPS, '12-16), and -10.94% (KHP, '10-13). Annual percentage change of suicide attempts was -3.84% (KNHANES, '07-12), 2.26% (KNHANES, '13-16), -2.53% (KCHS, '08-13), and -20.22% (KOWEPS, '12-16). Annual percentage change of death by intentional self-harm was -0.49% (Statistics Korea, '07-16). Individuals who had lower income level were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. According to these results, the rate of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts showed the decreasing tendency. However, the suicide rate of Korea has remained higher than that of OECD countries. Thus, continuous data observation and effective policies on suicide are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2009

Hazardous material (HazMat) is the material or substance that poses an unreasonable risk to human safety and health, and to property when transported in gases, solids, and liquids of all sizes. When HazMats are improperly released, they have potential to harm humans, property, or the environment to be considered hazardous, resulting in human-caused disasters. As the Korean economy has advanced, the use of HazMats has increased. And, the total number and the impacts of HazMat incidents have grown up. It increases the risk of HazMat incidents. When many goods of HazMats are transported from supply points to demand places, it is important to know what the types and characteristics of HazMat incidents are in terms of disaster management. The objectives of this research are: (1) to investigate types and characteristics of HazMats that generate HazMat incidents in Korea, and (2) to analyze time-series trends of HazMat incidents in terms of facilities and/or transportation. Statistical analysis methods including frequency analysis or analysis of category data are applied to examine the significance of difference in HazMat incidents.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.878-888
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• 2015

Software project planning includes several processes for estimating the effort required to complete software project tasks, allocating human resources to tasks, and creating a project plan. Because software planning is becoming more complicated as the size of software projects grow, it is difficult for project managers to decide on a reasonable project plan. To help them, many automatic software project planning approaches have been proposed. The approaches all focus on minimizing project duration. But if the plan is simply to minimize the duration, without considering software quality, the plan can harm the eventual software quality. In our research to create a reasonable project plan, we consider software quality as well as duration of the project, by defining a software quality score. The project manager can plan the project to maximize software quality for a specific project duration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.4 s.21
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• pp.30-35
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• 2003

Product liability(PL) law imposes the liability on manufacturer or wholesaler when the product defects cause harm to consumers of the products or any other parties in their lives, bodies, or properties. In Korea, the law of product liability was enforced in July 2002. In this study the Product Liability Response System of chemical products was developed by using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis(FMEA). For a case study peformed for N,N-Dimethylethylamine. First, product information was gathered through Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)and which considered as an instruction manual of chemical product. And an effect caused by product defects is analyzed by FMEA to get Risk Priority Number(RPN) which is calculated by multiplying of severity, occurrence, and detection of the defects. Then hazard was estimated quantitatively by RPN.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-33
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• 2000

Social support may play an important role in relieving the feelings of guilt and shame of unwed mothers due to social insults and ignorance and in helping them from physical and psychological harm caused by them. In addition hope may encourage to seek out a new way of life. To determine if a relationship between perceived social support and hope exists in unwed mothers a descriptive study was conducted in the facilities providing basic data for promoting the health of unwed mothers. A demographic data sheet and two instruments were used : Indirectly Perceived Social Support Scale(IPSSS) developed by Park Jee Won (revised by Jo Moo Yong), Miller Hope Scale(adapted and revised by Lee Mi Ja), 95 unmarried mothers participated. The mean score of perceived social support was 3.17. Family support was the highest(3.47) and unwed father support was the lowest(2.53) in sub-scales. Material support(3.53) was the highest in family support. Emotional support(3.58) was the highest in friends support. Informational support(3.39) was the highest in facilities-concerned personal support. The mean score of hope was 3.41 : the satisfaction with self, others and life was the highest(3.82) and anticipation of future was the lowest(3.27) in sub-scale. There was not a statistically significant relationship between social support and hope. A statistically significant relationship was found between facilities-concerned personal support and hope. In conclusion, facilities-concerned positive encouragement for unwed mothers and a program promoting support and hope from families, friends and unwed father are necessary to promote hope and health in unwed mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.32
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• pp.33-68
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• 2010

The aim of the present study is to understand the lived experiences of sexual violence in childhood and adolescence. Qualitative methodology, which allows us to directly meet individuals who experienced sexual violence, see their experience, and qualitatively analyze their experience was employed. More specifically, I conducted in-depth interviews with 6 woman who experienced sex abuse in their childhood and adolescence, and analyzed their experience using categorization and theme analysis methods. The key themes that were derived from the qualitative data include, 'On the day out of the ordinary; Unspeakable terror', 'Why did this kind of thing happen to me', 'Trying not to loss my senses; Unspeakable suffering, unable to speak', 'I hate myself', 'Forgetting wasn't the end; Would it be okay if I speak out' 'Becoming conscious creates more confusion', 'I know that it is not my fault', 'Internalized social norms', 'Denial of feminity', 'Confusion and recovery'. Based on these findings, I propose a practice guideline to help woman who experienced sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence, and implications for future studies.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

Allowing only authorized users to record and inquire in the ledger, private blockchain technology is attracting attention from institutions and companies. Based on distributed ledger technology, records are immutable. Because news via the Internet can be easily modified, the possibility of manipulation is high. Some false communication report systems are designed to prevent such harm. However, during the gap between the false communication report and verification time, contents on the website can be modified, or false evidence can be submitted intentionally. We propose a system that collects evidence using a headless browser for more accurate false communication management, and securely preserves evidence through a private blockchain and prevents possibilities of manipulation. The proposed system downloads original HTML, captures the website as an image, stores it in a transaction along with the report, and stores it in a private blockchain to ensure the integrity from acquisition to preservation of evidence.